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- Arvelius, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic analysis of a temperament test as a tool to select against everyday life fearfulness in Rough Collie
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-8812 .- 1525-3163. ; 92, s. 4843-4855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fear-related problems are common among Rough Collies in Sweden. Annually, on average, >200 Rough Collies are subjected to the dog mentality assessment (DMA), a temperament test during which 33 behavioral reactions are rated. Previous research has shown that a dog's DMA result can be condensed into 5 underlying personality traits. The aim of the study was to evaluate if it is possible to use the DMA for selection for temperament in Swedish Rough Collies, in particular to decrease everyday life fearfulness. We also wanted to compare 2 methods to compute the personality traits: summated scales (SS) and factor scores (FS). The DMA data for 2,953 Rough Collies were used to estimate genetic parameters for the 5 personality traits (both SS and FS), using a linear animal model including fixed effects of sex, year and month of test, and random effects of litter, judge, test occasion, genetic effect of the individual, and residual. Age at test was included as linear and quadratic regressions. The DMA personality trait heritability estimates ranged from 0.13 to 0.25. The SS showed greater or equal heritability estimates compared with the FS. To validate the DMA, data on everyday life behavior of 1,738 Rough Collies were collected using an extended version of the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire. Each dog's questionnaire result was condensed into 18 underlying behavioral subscales. Genetic parameters for the subscales were estimated using a linear animal model, including a fixed effect of sex and random genetic effect of the individual and residual. Age when the questionnaire was completed was included as linear and quadratic regressions. Heritability estimates for the questionnaire subscales were 0.06 to 0.36. There were high and significant genetic correlations between DMA personality traits and questionnaire subscales. For instance, the DMA personality trait Curiosity/Fearlessness correlated strongly genetically to the questionnaire subscale Non-social fear (-0.70), DMA Sociability to Stranger-directed interest (0.87) and Stranger-directed fear (-0.80), DMA Playfulness to Human-directed play interest (0.63), and DMA Chase-proneness to Chasing (0.73). We could not detect any obvious difference in validity between DMA SS and FS. We conclude that the DMA is an effective tool for selection of breeding animals with the goal to decrease everyday life fearfulness among Swedish Rough Collies. The DMA can also be used for breeding for other traits. The SS method seems to perform at least as good the FS method.
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- Arvelius, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Good Possibilities to Select Against Fearfulness in Rough Collie
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fear-related problems are common among Swedish Rough Collies. Genetic analyses were performed on 4 composite behavioral traits based on 2953 Rough Collie results from a temperament test. Heritabilities ranged from 0.13-0.25. Validation of the test was done using a dog owner questionnaire, which generated information about everyday life behavior for 1738 Rough Collies. There were high and significant genetic correlations between traits measured in the test, and the everyday life behavior of the dogs as described by the owners. For instance, Curiosity/fearlessness in the test was negatively genetically correlated with Nonsocial fear in the questionnaire (-0.70, SE 0.10). We conclude that data from the analyzed test is possible to use for selection to decrease everyday life fearfulness in the Swedish Rough Collie population.
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- Arvidsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic design of ordinary rooms using absorbers and diffusers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2020 International Congress on Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2020. - 9788994021362
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With different activities in a room, room acoustic requirements differ and when the acoustic requirements are different, acoustic treatment must be adapted. This study focuses on room acoustics in ordinary public rooms such as classrooms and offices. By tradition the acoustic treatment in these rooms is an absorbent ceiling. Experiments have been carried out in a classroom where the baseline in the acoustic treatment was a highly absorptive acoustic ceiling. This treatment has then been combined with different configurations of diffusers and wall absorbers where the coverage and pattern of the different treatments has been tested to evaluate their effect on the room acoustic parameters. Furthermore, several configurations with different diffuser directionality have been evaluated. The room acoustic parameters reverberation time, speech clarity and sound strength were assessed. The results show a clear correspondence in the room acoustic parameters for the different treatments used, as well as a frequency dependence. Here we discuss the interpretation of these results and how this new information can be used to obtain the room acoustic requirements for a specific activity.
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- Arvidsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Diffusers in public ordinary rooms
- 2019
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Ingår i: InterNoise 19, Madrid, Spain. - 9788487985317 ; , s. 5453-5461
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditionally, the room acoustic properties in an ordinary public room are defined by only one parameter, the reverberation time. However, research has showed that additional room acoustic parameters as sound strength and speech clarity are necessary to consider in order to achieve good acoustic conditions. In a room with acoustical ceiling treatment the effects of furniture and interiors on the room acoustic parameters are significant. In addition, by using diffusers with directional properties it is possible to individually control the room acoustic parameters. Room acoustical measurements have been carried out in a reverberation chamber with suspended absorbing ceiling and directional diffusing objects. The effect of different diffuser configurations has been examined regarding reverberation time, speech clarity and sound strength. The evaluation shows that the orientation and the amount of the diffusing elements have a significant influence on the room acoustic parameters and can be used to fine-tune the acoustical conditions in public ordinary rooms with an existing acoustic ceiling treatment. This paper presents a study showing how diffusers can be used to contribute to an improved sound environment in public ordinary rooms with an acoustic ceiling.
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| 7. |
- Arvidsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of sound absorbing ceilings
- 2018
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Ingår i: 47th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTERNOISE 2018). - 9781510873032
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The typical acoustical treatment in ordinary rooms such as classrooms, offices, conference rooms etc is an absorbing suspended ceiling. Due to the non-uniform distribution of the absorbing material the sound field at steady-state and during sound decay is far from the ideal conditions assumed in the diffuse field theory. Especially during the sound decay, the degeneration of the sound field emphasizes the shortcomings of the diffuse field assumption. On the other hand, the absorbing properties of sound absorbing ceilings are determined under diffuse field conditions according to the standard ISO 354. The outcome of this measurement in the form of an absorption coefficient is often used as input data in calculation or simulation models. This means that the absorbing properties of the ceilings are characterized under circumstances that are hardly ever encountered in practice. The directional scattering effect of furniture and other interior objects is another circumstance that has to be considered to understand the interaction between the absorbing ceiling and the sound field in rooms with ceiling treatment. In this paper the outline of a project is presented that deals with how to optimize the acoustical properties of ceilings in order to achieve certain room acoustic target values related to reverberation time, speech clarity and sound strength.
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| 8. |
- Arvidsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Pattern and orientation of diffusers in rooms with an absorbent ceiling
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress on Acoustics : Integrating 4th EAA Euroregio 2019 - Integrating 4th EAA Euroregio 2019. - 2226-7808 .- 2415-1599. - 9783939296157 ; 2019-September, s. 2281-2288
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lately have the demands on good room acoustics in public ordinary rooms increased. Traditionally has only reverberation time been considered in this type of rooms but complementary parameters as sound strength and speech clarity are more commonly used today. This trend naturally implies higher demands on the acoustic treatment. Typical for public ordinary rooms is to use an absorbent ceiling. One way to further improve the acoustic properties is to complement the ceiling treatment with diffusers. To investigate the effect of combining these two types of acoustic treatments have measurements been carried out combing different setups of diffusers in a reverberant room with an absorbent ceiling. The impact on reverberation time, speech clarity and sound strength has been studied. In this paper we present how diffusers can be used in order to improve the acoustic properties in a public ordinary room with an absorbent ceiling and how the pattern and orientation of diffusers can be used to adjust different acoustic parameters.
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| 9. |
- Arvidsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of the absorption and scattering effects of diffusers in a room with absorbent ceiling
- 2021
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Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In ordinary public rooms, such as classrooms and offices, an absorbent ceiling is the typical first acoustic action. This treatment provides a good acoustic baseline. However, an improvement of specific room acoustic parameters, operating for specific frequencies, can be needed. It has been seen that diffusing elements can be effective additional treatment. In order to choose the right design, placement, and quantity of diffusers, a model to estimate the effect on the acoustics is necessary. This study evaluated whether an SEA model could be used for that purpose, particularly for the cases where diffusers are used in combination with an absorbent ceiling. It was investigated whether the model could handle different quantities of diffusing elements, varied diffusion characteristics, and varied installation patterns. It was found that the model was sensitive to these changes, given that the output from the model in terms of acoustic properties will be reflected by the change of diffuser configuration design. It was also seen that the absorption and scattering of the diffusers could be quantified in a laboratory environment: a reverberation chamber. Through the SEA model, these quantities could be transformed to a full-scale room for estimation of the room acoustic parameters.
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| 10. |
- Arvidsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Subjective experience of speech depending on the acoustic treatment in an ordinary room
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In environments such as classrooms and offices, complex tasks are performed. A satisfac-tory acoustic environment is critical for the performance of such tasks. To ensure a good acoustic environment, the right acoustic treatment must be used. The relation between different room acoustic treatments and how they affect speech perception in these types of rooms is not yet fully under-stood. In this study, speech perception was evaluated for three different configurations using ab-sorbers and diffusers. Twenty-nine participants reported on their subjective experience of speech in respect of different configurations in different positions in a room. They judged sound quality and attributes related to speech perception. In addition, the jury members ranked the different acoustic environments. The subjective experience was related to the different room acoustic treatments and the room acoustic parameters of speech clarity, reverberation time and sound strength. It was found that people, on average, rated treatments with a high degree of absorption as best. This configura-tion had the highest speech clarity value and lowest values for reverberation time and sound strength. The perceived sound quality could be correlated to speech clarity, while attributes related to speech perception had the strongest association with reverberation time.
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