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- Aspenberg, David, et al.
(författare)
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An evaluation of the statistics of steel material model parameters
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 212:6, s. 1288-1297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In robustness studies, variations of material properties are often represented by simple assumptions, such as scaling of stress-strain relations, often due to lack of knowledge or deeper understanding of the material physics and the material model applied. By performing material characterisation tests on several batches of a DP600 steel and fitting a phenomenological material model to each batch, this paper studies the dispersion of material model parameters, as well as correlations between both experimental and model parameters. It is concluded that some of the charcterisation tests may be omitted in the future, due to correlations found between parameters. The results may also be applied in a robustness study by inversely using the retrieved statistics to generate reasonable new sets of material model parameters. The methodology presented may be adopted for any other type of material characterisation process.
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| 4. |
- Aspenberg, David, et al.
(författare)
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Robust optimisation of front members in a full frontal car impact
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the search of a lightweight design of automobiles, it is necessary to assure that a robust crashworthiness performance is achieved. Structures that are optimised to handle a finite number of load cases may perform poorly when subjected to various dispersions. Thus, uncertainties must be accounted for in the optimisation process. This paper presents an approach to optimisation where all design evaluations include an evaluation of the robustness. Metamodel approximations are applied both to the design space and the robustness evaluations, using Artifical Neural Networks and polynomials, respectively. The features of the robust optimisation approach are displayed in an analytical example, and further demonstrated in a large scale design example of front side members of a car. Different optimisation formulations are applied and it is shown that the proposed approach works well. It is also concluded that a robust optimisation puts higher demands on the FE model performance than normally.
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- Aspenberg, David, 1979-
(författare)
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Robust optimisation of structures : Evaluation and incorporation of variations in simulation based design
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis concerns the robustness of structures considering various uncertainties. The overall objective is to evaluate and develop simulation based design methods in order to find solutions that are optimal both in the sense of handling typical load cases and minimising the variability of the response, i.e. robust optimal designs. Conventionally optimised structures may show a tendency of being sensitive to small perturbations in the design or loading conditions. These variations are of course inevitable. To create robust designs, it is necessary to account for all conceivable variations (or at least the influencing ones) in the design process. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part serves as a theoretical background for this work. It includes introductions to the concept of robust design, basic statistics, optimisation theory and metamodelling. The second part consists of five appended papers on the topic.The first and third papers focuse on the evaluation of robustness, given some dispersions in the input data. Established existing methods are applied, and for paper three, comparisons with experimentally evaluated dispersions on a larger system are made.The second and fourth paper introduce two new approaches to perform robust optimisation, i.e. optimisations where the mean performance and the robustness in the objectives are simultaneously optimised. These methods are demonstrated both on an analytical example and on a Finite Element model design example. The fifth paper studies the variations in mechanical properties between several different batches of the same steel grade. A material model is fitted to each batch of material, whereby dispersions seen in test specimens are transferred to material model parameter variations. The correlations between both test and material model parameters are studied.
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| 6. |
- Aspenberg, David, et al.
(författare)
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Robust optimization of front members in a full frontal car impact
- 2013
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Ingår i: Engineering optimization (Print). - : TAYLOR and FRANCIS LTD, 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND. - 0305-215X .- 1029-0273. ; 45:3, s. 245-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the search for lightweight automobile designs, it is necessary to assure that robust crashworthiness performance is achieved. Structures that are optimized to handle a finite number of load cases may perform poorly when subjected to various dispersions. Thus, uncertainties must be accounted for in the optimization process. This article presents an approach to optimization where all design evaluations include an evaluation of the robustness. Metamodel approximations are applied both to the design space and the robustness evaluations, using artifical neural networks and polynomials, respectively. The features of the robust optimization approach are displayed in an analytical example, and further demonstrated in a large-scale design example of front side members of a car. Different optimization formulations are applied and it is shown that the proposed approach works well. It is also concluded that a robust optimization puts higher demands on the finite element model performance than normally.
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- Björklund, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Anisotropic fracture criteria for a dual-phase steel
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objective of this work is to examine the use of anisotropic fracture criteria in order to predict fracture in dual-phase steel. The introduction of a material directional function into the fracture criterion was used in order to account for anisotropy observed in experiments. Selected fracture criteria were fist calibrated by ordinary tensile and in-plane shear tests using specimens cut in three material directions. In order to validate the performance, two types of validation tests were conducted. First, plane strain (notched tensile) tests were carried out in three material directions. Second, Nakajima tests with a waist of 130 mm were conducted, also in three material directions. The fit to the calibration tests was improved with all material directional functions compared to the isotropic criterion. Overall best performance was achieved when a material direction function based on the structural tensors was introduced.
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| 8. |
- Björklund, Oscar
(författare)
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Ductile Failure in High Strength Steel Sheets
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Developments in computer-aided engineering and the rapid growth of computational power have made simulation-driven process and product development efficient and useful since it enables detailed evaluation of product designs and their manufacturing processes. In the context of a sheet metal component, it is vital to predict possible failure both during its forming process and its subsequent usage. Accurate numerical models are needed in order to obtain trustworthy simulation results. Furthermore, the increasing demands imposed on improved weight-to-performance ratio for many products endorse the use of high-strength steels. These steels often show anisotropic behaviour and more complex hardening and fracturing compared to conventional steels. Consequently, demand for research on material and failure models suitable for these steels has increased.In this work, the mechanical and fracture behaviour of two high-strength steels, Docol 600DP and Docol 1200M, have been studied under various deformation processes. Experimental results have been used both for material characterisation and for calibration of fracture criteria. One major requirement as concerns the fracture criteria studied is that they should be simple to apply in industrial applications, i.e. it should be possible to easily calibrate the fracture criteria in simple mechanical experiments and they should be efficient and accurate. Consequently, un-coupled phenomenological damage models have been the main focus throughout this work.Detailed finite element models including accurate constitutive laws have be used to predict and capture material instabilities. Most of the fracture criteria studied are modifications of the plastic work to fracture. Ductile tensile and ductile shear types of fracture are of particular interest in sheet metal applications. For these fractures the modification of the plastic work relates to void coalescence and void collapse, respectively. Anisotropy in fracture behaviour can be captured by the introduction of a material directional function.The dissertation consists of two parts. The first part contains theory and background. The second consists of five papers.
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| 9. |
- Björklund, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Failure characteristics of a dual-phase steel sheet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 214, s. 1190-1204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Failure in ductile sheet metal structures is usually caused by one, or a combination of, ductile tensile fractures, ductile shear fractures or localised instability. In this paper the failure characteristics of the high strength steel Docol 600DP are explored. The study includes both experimental and numerical sections. In the experimental sections, the fracture surface of the sheet subjected to Nakajima tests is studied under the microscope with the aim of finding which failure mechanism causes the fracture. In the numerical sections, finite element (FE) simulations have been conducted using solid elements. From these simulations, local stresses and strains have been extracted and analysed with the aim of identifying the fracture dependency of the stress triaxiality and Lode parameter.
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| 10. |
- Björklund, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Failure of high strength steel sheets : Experiments and modelling
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 213:7, s. 1103-1117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Failure in sheet metal structures of ductile material is usually caused by one of, or a combination of, ductile fracture, shear fracture or localised instability. In this paper the failure of the high strength steel Docol 600DP and the ultra high strength steel Docol 1200M is explored. The constitutive model used in this study includes plastic anisotropy and mixed isotropic-kinematic hardening. For modelling of the ductile and shear fracture the models presented by Cockroft–Latham and Bressan–Williams have been used. The instability phenomenon is described by the constitutive law and the finite element (FE) models. For calibration of the failure models and validation of the results, an extensive experimental series has been conducted including shear tests, plane strain tests and Nakajima tests. The geometries of the Nakajima tests have been chosen so that the first quadrant of the forming limit diagram (FLD) were covered. The results are presented both in an FLD and using prediction of force–displacement response of the Nakajima test employing element erosion during the FE simulations. The classical approach for failure prediction is to compare the principal plastic strains obtained from FE simulations with experimental determined forming limit curves (FLCs). It is well known that the experimental FLC requires proportional strains to be useful. In this work failure criteria, both of the instability and fracture, are proposed which can be used also for non-proportional strain paths.
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