| 1. |
- Carlsson, Catharina, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Equine Assisted Social Work as a mean for authentic relations between clients and staff
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human-Animal Interaction Bulletin. - : Human Animal Interaction section 13 of division 17 of the APA. - 2333-522X .- 0123-4560. ; 2:1, s. 19-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to explore, by qualitative methods, the meaning of equine-assisted social work (EASW) both to young women with self-harm problems and their staff in residential treatment. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with eight staff members and nine clients. Human-horse interaction was observed subsequently in three of the staff and four of the clients. Based on the narratives of the staff members and the clients, who agreed, the horse’s ability to read human emotions made the staff and clients aware of their own emotions. In order not to alienate the horse or make the situation dangerous, which intensified their sense of being in the present, both the clients and staff had to regulate their emotions. As a result the resistance for change decreased, made the participants more likely to regulate their emotions and change behavior rather than avoid the situation or the information. The horse seemed to set the framework for the interaction between the staff and young women. The fact that even the staff could fail in the interaction with the horse, affected the interaction between staff and clients making it more informal and dynamic. A relationship based on empathy, trust, respect and negotiation, where clients shared private matters, resulted in the perception of a more authentic relationship. Further research is needed to see which conditions are favourable for achieving an authentic relationship and which conditions possibly fail.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Catharina, 1971-
(författare)
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Hästunderstött socialt arbete - ett samtalsrum med potentiella möjligheter för ungdomar med självskadebeteenden och deras personal
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis examines, through qualitative methods, the role of the horse in equine-assisted social work (EASW) as well as what facilitates or constrains the role of the horse. Specifically, should interaction be understood in the same manner regardless of which individuals that participate? The thesis is based on empirical data collected throughinterviews with eight staff members and nine female self-harming clients, aged 15–21 years, in a residential treatment facility. In addition, video recordings of the human-horse interaction of three staff members and four clients were analyzed, resulting in the additional issues addressed in a second interview. Critical dialogues between patterns and fragmentations in the narratives and video-recordings, as well as a dialogue with participants, while they were viewing videos of their own EASW sessions, led to the conclusion that adding a horse could qualitatively change therapeutic relationships. The results are presented in four articles that provide an image of the complexity of EASW. The summary chapters focus on a synthesized analysis, based on Goffman’sdramaturgical perspective and Hochschild’s emotional rules in which the concepts were applied: backstage, frontstage, impression management, stigma, emotional management, deep acting and surface acting. The analysis demonstrated that defense mechanisms are reduced when the horse is perceived as non-judgmental and therefore less intimidating. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that it is crucial that the horse is regarded as a subject, a transitional object, which can silence the inner critic and create a ‘moment of silence’ that contradicts stigmas and enablesadolescents to regulate their emotions. This leads to possibilities to be more authentic and the relationship between staff and adolescents to be perceived as more authentic. In summary, the work presented in this thesis contributes to increased knowledge about the role of the horse in opposing impression management and surface acting, depending on the high demands on staff to reach outcomes regarding communication, self-confidence, self-esteem, and self-image. The different triads consist of different liaisons, giving rise to unique combinations and the potential to avoid emotional dissonance. The quality of the relationships seems to depend on staff and clients’ attachment orientations. Keywords: Authentic, Emotional work, Equine-assisted social work, Impression management, Moment of silence, Self-harming adolescents, Stigmatization
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Mentalizing and Emotional Labor Facilitate Equine-Assisted Social Work with Self-harming Adolescents
- 2015
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Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. - new york : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0738-0151 .- 1573-2797. ; 32:4, s. 329-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores equine-assisted social work (EASW). Horses' capacities to mirror human emotions create possibilities for authentic relationships between clients and staff. This study examines what eases or counteracts the horse's capacity to facilitate relationships perceived by humans to be authentic. Video recordings of the human-horse interactions of three staff members and four female self-harming clients aged 15–21 years in a residential treatment facility were analyzed. The findings show that if the staff gave instructions and advice similar to traditional equestrian sports in combination with viewing the horse as an object, EASW is not facilitated. EASW seems to be facilitated when the horse is perceived as a subject by both staff and clients, provided that the staff gave meaning to the horse's behavior. The staff needed to highlight empathy for the horse when the horse is not able to fulfill its task without adding depth to the client's performance, to avoid raising defense mechanisms. The essence of EASW were perceived as eased by staff members when they focus on the client's emotions and help the client understand that the horse is acting in response to the client's and the staff's behavior through mentalizing and enacting emotional labor in regarding the horse as a subject. The results indicate the need for higher demands on staff members in order to facilitate EASW. Depending on whether the staff and the clients focus on performance or on emotions, different positive or negative outcomes on communication, self-confidence, self-esteem, and self-image will be likely to emerge.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Tacit knowledge within Equine-Assisted Intervention (EAI) : How social relation theory and Emotional work theory provide access to an elusive form of knowledge
- 2021
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Ingår i: Animalia - An Anthrozoology Journal. - Buffalo NY : Canisius college. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper aims to analyze the central features within equine-assisted intervention (EAI) and the primary concepts of Goffman's theories of social identity and Hochschild's theories of emotional work. Analyzing a dialouge with participants viewing the video recordings of their own EAI sessions, led to the conclusion that relating to the horse as a subject counteracts impression management interpreted as a shift from surface acting frontstage where emotions have exchange value, to deep acting backstage where emotions have utility value. The boundaries between backstage, where participants show their actual soial identity and frontstage where they display a virtual identity are fluid. The results indicate that the staff mebers are regarded more like fellow humans acting backstage, resulting in less distance to the clients. Further research is needed to investigate the processes in EAI when the emotional work seems to be changed, whether backstage or frontstage, which could change the purpose as well as the effects of EAI.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Catharina, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Tacit knowledge within Equine-Assisted Intervention (EAI): How social relation theory and Emotional work theory provide access to an elusive form of knowledge
- 2021
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Ingår i: Animalia An Anthrozoology Journal. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EAI is a form of intervention used to facilitate human health by employing horses in and around the natural surroundings of the stables. Although an increasing number of professionals and organizations offer this kind of intervention, EAI lacks a firm theoretical base, especially when it comes to tacit knowledge that is otherwise developed and communicated in a direct relationship, individual to individual. This paper aims to explore, using a qualitative method, the fit between the central features of EAI and the primary concepts of Goffman ́s theories of Stigma and Social identity (Goffman, 1990) and Hochschild ́s theories of Emotional work (Hochschild, 2003, 1979) that may inform and enrich the theory and practice of EAI. By analyzing in-depth interviews with nine female self-harming clients aged 15-21 years, and eight staff members, together with video-recorded human-horse interventions with four clients and three staff members, different patterns and fragmentations emerged in the triads of professionals, clients and horses. Adding a dialog with both clients and staff members viewing the video recordings of their own EAI sessions, led to the conclusion that the horse counteracts impression management and allows for situations where the participants do not have to adjust to their inner stage-manager. Not exercising impression management is here interpreted as a shift from surface acting frontstage where emotions have exchange value, to deep acting backstage where emotions have utility value. The boundaries between backstage, where we present our public self and frontstage, an area where we display our private self are fluid and sometimes unpredictable. Of importance seems to be whether the horse is related to as a subject with an opportunity to make choices of its own. Whether out of empathy or respect for the horse, the participants were able to show their actual social identity instead of a virtual social identity, sometimes regarded as a false self. In conclusion, the triads consisted of different liaisons, and depending on whether the participants acted backstage or frontstage the Emotional work was affected. There was not a spatial movement between the scenes; instead, it was about participants relating differently to each other depending on whether they acted with a frontstage style or backstage style. Participants seemed to relate to what had not yet been said between them. Through the interaction with the horse the participants got support from the horse for different hypotheses about the other participants; that in turn created possibilities for a generative dialog between them. The present results indicate that the staff members are regarded more like fellow humans than professionals acting backstage, resulting in less distance to the clients. Further research is needed to investigate the processes within the relationships in EAI when the Emotional work seems to be changed, whether backstage or frontstage, which could change the purpose as well as the effects of EAI.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Jacobsson, Maritha, et al.
(författare)
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Akademisering av examensmålet våld i nära relation i socialt arbete
- 2021
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Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 98:4, s. 615-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enligt det nya examensmålet skall studenter inom socionomutbildningen visa kunskap om mäns våld mot kvinnor och våld i nära relation. Implementeringen av kunskapsmålet har i hög grad lämnats åt respektive lärosäte att uppfylla avseende innehåll och utformning i utbildningen. Vid Centrum för socialt arbete, Cesar, utvecklades en särskild kurs för ändamålet: Våld i nära relation, på 7,5 högskolepoäng. Kursen innefattade kunskap om företeelsen i allmänhet men även fördjupande avsnitt i relation till särskilt utsatta grupper. Med hjälp av case-metodik fick studenterna möjlighet att analysera, argumentera och diskutera komplexa problem. Vid utvärderingen i samband med kursavslut identifierades fortsatta utvecklingsområden för kursen, bland annat behovet av att följa studentgruppen närmare då vissa kan ha egna obearbetade erfarenheter av våld. En annan aspekt som berörts i lärarlaget är vikten av att reflektera över ämnets (eventuella) politisering.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Nilsson-Ranta, Daniel
(författare)
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A Thousand years in Lapland
- 2014
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Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 134:2, s. 303-304
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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