| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Alm, Albert, et al.
(författare)
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Uveoscleral outflow - A review
- 2009
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Ingår i: EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4835 .- 1096-0007. ; 88:4, s. 760-768
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The uveoscleral outflow route was described more than 40 years ago. Part of aqueous leaves the eye through the iris root. The ciliary muscle, and there are large species differences in the fraction of aqueous outflow that leaves the eye through this route. In non-human primates 40-50% of aqueous leaves the eye by the uveoscleral route. In human eyes most data has been collected by indirect calculations, with results suggesting a similar fraction, at least in eyes from younger individuals. An age-dependent reduction in uveoscleral flow in human eyes may explain the initial difference seen between non-human primate and human eyes. Unlike trabecular outflow, intraocular pressures within the normal range have little effect on uveoscleral outflow. This may be explained by the fact that changes in intraocular pressure have little effect on the pressure gradient for flow through the ciliary muscle, which is likely to be the rate-limiting step in uveoscleral outflow. The state of the ciliary muscle is important and contraction reduces while relaxation increases uveoscleral flow. Similar effects are achieved with cholinergic agonists and antagonists. Epinephrine increases uveoscleral flow, most likely through stimulating beta(2)-adrenergic receptors. Prostaglandin F-2 alpha and prostaglandin F-2 alpha-analogues effectively reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral flow. This is mediated by structural changes in the extracellular matrix of the ciliary muscle, and is likely to contribute to a valuable excess route for aqueous and proteins during intraocular inflammation. Whether uveoscleral flow plays a significant role in any other eye disease is not clear. Thus, 40 years later we are able to successfully increase aqueous flow through the uveoscleral route, a valuable contribution to glaucoma treatment, but we still have only a limited understanding on its physiological role.
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| 4. |
- Björck, Hanna M., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Shear-Sensitive Genes in the NormalRat Aorta Identifies Hand2 as a Major Flow-ResponsiveTranscription Factor
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Shear forces play a key role in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity. Current understanding regarding shear-dependent gene expression is mainly based on in vitro or in vivo observations with experimentally deranged shear, hence reflecting acute molecular events in relation to flow. Our objective was to determine wall shear stress (WSS) in the rat aorta and study flow-dependent vessel wall biology under physiological conditions.Methods and Results: Animal-specific aortic WSS magnitude and vector direction were estimated using computational fluid dynamic simulation based on aortic geometry and flow information acquired by MRI. Two distinct flow pattern regions were identified in the normal rat aorta; the distal part of the inner curvature being exposed to low WSS and a non-uniform vector direction, and a region along the outer curvature being subjected to markedly higher levels of WSS and a uniform vector direction. Microarray analysis revealed a strong differential expression between the flow regions, particularly associated with transcriptional regulation. In particular, several genes related to Ca2+-signalling, inflammation, proliferation and oxidative stress were among the most highly differentially expressed.Conclusions: Microarray analysis validated the CFD-defined WSS regions in the rat aorta, and several novel flow-dependent genes were identified. The importance of these genes in relation to atherosusceptibility needs further investigation.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Erythrocyte fatty acid composition does not influence levels of free, bioavailable, and total 25-hydroxy vitamin D
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 77:1, s. 45-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In vitro, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) may decrease the binding affinity of vitamin D metabolites for vitamin D-binding protein, which in turn may influence their bioavailability. FAs incorporated as phospholipids in erythrocyte (ery-) cell membranes reflect dietary intake. The purpose of this study was to investigate ery-FA composition in relation to markers for vitamin D. In healthy females (age 22.6 +/- 2.0 years) total 25(OH)D was measured by LC-MS/MS (n=78), free 25(OH)D with ELISA (n=64 of 78), and bioavailable 25(OH)D was calculated. Analysis of ery-FA composition was by gas chromatography (n=56 of 78). A strong correlation between total 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D was seen (r=.66, p<.001), and between total-25(OH)D and bioavailable 25(OH)D (r=.68, p<.001). No correlations between 25(OH)D fractions and specific fatty acids were found, and in particular, no associations with mono- and poly-unsaturated FA compositions. All 25(OH)D fractions were correlated with leptin (total 25(OH)D (r=-.33, p<.003); bioavailable 25(OH)D (r=-.47, p<.001); free 25(OH)D (r=-.44, p<.001). Associations were found between PTH and total 25(OH)D (r=-.35, p=.002) and weaker between bioavailable 25(OH)D (r=-.35, p=.040) and free 25(OH)D (r=-.28, p=.079). All fractions of 25(OH)D appear to correlate in a similar way to PTH, BMI and body fat (leptin). No association was found between ery-FA composition and free/bioavailable 25(OH)D. It is unlikely that FAs are a strong uncoupling factor of DBP-bound 25(OH)D.
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| 6. |
- Eklund, Britt-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Why do smokers diagnosed with COPD not quit smoking? - a qualitative study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Tobacco Induced Diseases. - : E.U. European Publishing. - 1617-9625. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is currently one of the most widespread chronic lung diseases and a growing cause of suffering and mortality worldwide. It is predicted to become the third leading cause of death in the near future. Smoking is the most important risk factor, and about 50% of smokers develop COPD. Smoking cessation is the most important way to improve prognosis. The aim of the study was to describe difficulties of smoking cessation experienced by individuals with COPD who are unable to stop smoking. MethodsTen smokers (five women) with COPD, GOLD stage II, participated in semi-structured interviews in 2010. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The participants were recruited from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) studies. ResultsThe participants lives were governed by a lifelong smoking habit that was difficult to break although they had knowledge about the harmful effects and the consequences of COPD. The participants described incidents in their lives as reasons for never finding the time to quit smoking. Demands to quit smoking from other people could lead to continued smoking or get them started again after cessation as they did not want to be patronized. They wanted to receive support from relatives and care providers but they wanted to make the decision to quit on their own. ConclusionFor successful smoking cessation, it is important to understand the difficulties smokers are experiencing that influence their efforts to quit smoking. To achieve a successful lasting smoking cessation it might be more effective to first ensure that the smoker has the right internal motivation to make the decision to quit, then assist with smoking cessation.
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| 7. |
- Hassel, Lars, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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The value relevance of environmental performance
- 2005
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Ingår i: The European Accounting Review. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0963-8180 .- 1468-4497. ; 14:1, s. 41-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides insight into how environmental information is reflected in the market value of listed Swedish companies. Using the residual income valuation model, we express market value of equity as a function of book value of equity, accounting earnings, and environmental performance, where the last variable is used as a proxy for other value-relevant information. Our research is motivated by the recommendation of the Swedish Society of Financial Analysts regarding environmental reporting. This recommendation assumes that environmental information has value relevance, since it is likely to affect the expected future earnings of listed companies. We contribute empirical findings to current debate on the relationship between environmental performance and shareholder value. The cost-concerned school argues that environmental investments represent only increased costs, resulting in decreased earnings and lower market values. The value creation school regards environmental efforts as a way to increase competitive advantage and improve financial returns to the investors. The current research finds support for the cost-concerned school, because the results indicate that environmental performance has a negative influence on the market value of firms.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Karnland, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Experimentally determined swelling pressures and geochemical interactions of compacted Wyoming bentonite with highly alkaline solutions
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 1474-7065. ; 32:1-7, s. 275-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The estimated quantity of cement for construction and sealing purposes is around 9E5 kg in the planned Swedish KBS3 repository for nuclear waste. The highly alkaline cement pore fluid (pH > 12) may affect other components in the repository, and especially the bentonite buffer is of concern. In this study, we simulated possible interactions between cement and bentonite by contacting highly compacted bentonite with high molar hydroxide solutions in a series of laboratory experiments. Wyoming bentonite (MX-80) and purified homo-ionic Na- and Ca-montmorillonite were used for tests with 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 M NaOH and saturated Ca(OH)2 solutions. Pressure cells with permeable filters were loaded with compacted discs of bentonite at the proposed buffer density (2000 kg/m(3) at full water saturation). A hydroxide solution was circulated on one side of the cell and an isotonic chloride solution on the other during a minimum of 45 days. Swelling pressure and solution pH were monitored during the tests and the change in the solution composition and bentonite mineralogy were determined after completed tests. No effect on swelling pressure was observed in tests with 0.1 M NaOH (pH 12.9) or saturated Ca(OH)2 solutions (pH 12.4) and the mineralogical/chemical changes of the clay were minimal. The bentonite swelling pressure was significantly reduced in the tests with 0.3 (pH 13.3) and 1.0 M (pH 13.8) NaOH solutions. The reduction seems to be due to an instant osmotic effect, and to a continuous dissolution of silica minerals, resulting in mass loss and, consequently, a decrease in density. At these high pH, the release of silica was dominating and the CEC of the clay increased by 20-25%. The structural formula of the smectite and X-ray diffraction tests for nonexpandability (Greene-Kelly test) provided strong evidence that the dissolution of montmorillonite proceeds incongruently through an initial step of beidellitization. The calculated rate of silica release from montmorillonite is 1.6E-9 g g(-1) clay s(-1) for 1.0 M and 5E-10 g g-1 clay s-1 for 0.3 M NaOH solutions. The Si release rate is, however, not a straightforward measure of the montmorillonite dissolution rate due to the non-stoichiometric dissolution. Upon contact between bentonite and NaCl solutions, ion-equilibrium is established between the external solution and the exchangeable cations of the clay. A similar initial pressure response on exposure of bentonite to NaOH solutions indicates that such equilibrium may establish also with an external NaOH solution. If so, the OH-concentration of the clay pore water will be lower than that of the external solution, which would explain that dissolution rates in our experiments with highly compacted bentonite are lower than those reported for batch experiments with hydroxide solutions of the same concentration. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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