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Sökning: WFRF:(Nissling Anders)

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1.
  • Nissling, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Egg production of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, in the Baltic Sea
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Sea Research. - : Elsevier. - 1385-1101 .- 1873-1414. ; 84, s. 77-86
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the brackish water Baltic Sea turbot spawn at ~6–9 psu along the coast and on offshore banks in ICES SD 2324–29, with salinity influencing the reproductive success. The potential fecundity (the stock of vitellogenic 24oocytes in the pre-spawning ovary), egg size (diameter and dry weight of artificially fertilized 1-day-old 25eggs) and gonad dry weight were assessed for fish sampled in SD 25 and SD 28. Multiple regression analysis 26identified somatic weight, or total length in combination with Fulton's condition factor, as main predictors of 27fecundity and gonad dry weight with stage of maturity (oocyte packing density or leading cohort) as an ad- 28ditional predictor. For egg size, somatic weight was identified as main predictor while otolith weight (proxy 29for age) was an additional predictor. Univariate analysis using GLM revealed significantly higher fecundity 30and gonad dry weight for turbot from SD 28 (3378–3474 oocytes/g somatic weight) compared to those 31from SD 25 (2343 oocytes/g somatic weight), with no difference in egg size (1.05±0.03 mm diameter and 3246.8±6.5 μg dry weight; mean±sd). The difference in egg production matched egg survival probabilities 33in relation to salinity conditions suggesting selection for higher fecundity as a consequence of poorer repro- 34ductive success at lower salinities. This supports the hypothesis of higher size-specific fecundity towards the 35limit of the distribution of a species as an adaptation to harsher environmental conditions and lower offspring 36survival probabilities. Within SD 28 comparisons were made between two major fishing areas targeting 37spawning aggregations and a marine protected area without fishing. The outcome was inconclusive and is 38discussed with respect to potential fishery induced effects, effects of the salinity gradient, effects of specific 39year-classes, and effects of maturation status of sampled fish.
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2.
  • Nissling, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Fecundity regulation in relation to habitat utilisation of two sympatric flounder (Platichtys flesus) populations in the brackish water Baltic Sea
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Sea Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-1101 .- 1873-1414. ; 95, s. 188-195
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two populations of flounder (Platichtys flesus) with different life history traits inhabit the brackish water Baltic Sea. Both types share feeding areas in coastal waters during summer-autumn but utilise different habitats for spawning in spring, namely offshore spawning with pelagic eggs and coastal spawning with demersal eggs respectively. Fecundity regulation by atresia was assessed as prevalence (portion of fish with atresia) and intensity (calculated as the average intensity of atresia in these fish) during the reproductive cycle following start of gonad development in the autumn up to spawning in spring, and evaluated in relation to fish condition (Fulton's condition factor reflecting energy reserves of the fish) and feeding incidence of the respective population. Peaking in winter (December–February), fecundity regulation was significantly higher for coastal spawning flounder than for flounder spawning offshore. For coastal spawners, the prevalence was 45–90% with an intensity of 6.4–9.3% vs. 0–25% and an intensity of 2.1–3.4% for offshore spawners during winter. Further, fecundity regulation ceased prior to spawning for offshore spawners but continued for coastal spawners. For coastal spawners, the prevalence was 12–29% and an intensity of 2.5–6.1% during spawning. The change in fish condition was strongly related to feeding incidence and differed between populations. As feeding ceased, condition of offshore spawners decreased during winter up to spawning, whereas condition of coastal spawners decreased during autumn but was maintained as feeding started again prior to spawning. Thus, habitat utilisation according to spawning strategy affects the timing of fecundity down-regulation reflecting availability of resources, namely limited food resources in deep areas and higher availability in coastal areas. Offshore spawning flounder display characteristics typical for a capital spawner with ceasing of feeding and oocyte down-regulation well before spawning, whereas coastal spawning flounder can be characterised as intermediate between a capital and income spawner with feeding prior to and during spawning along with continuous fecundity-regulation.
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3.
  • Corell, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Modelling of larval dispersal of Baltic flounder (Platichthys solemdali) revealed drifting depth as a major factor determining opportunities for local retention vs large-scale connectivity
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Fisheries Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-7836 .- 1872-6763. ; 218, s. 127-137
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • For flatfishes, transportation of larvae to nursery areas is regarded a key mechanism for recruitment, with adaptations in larval behaviour to reach a suitable habitat. Here we model different possibilities of larval drifting of coastal spawning Baltic flounder Platichthys solemdali (recently identified as a species from European flounder P. flesus) to reveal opportunities for local retention vs large-scale dispersal to ensure settling in coastal nursery areas. Drifting depth, duration of drifting and effects of year and time during season were modelled using 1) a high-resolution local dispersal model, and 2) a large-scale connectivity database. The outcome revealed drifting depth as a major factor affecting larval dispersal. Drift at 10-22 m depth involved retention along the coast with the majority of larvae (>= 94% or 69-93% according to 1 and 2, respectively) with end points <= 20 km from the coast enabling further successful migration to nursery habitats. Contrary, larval drift close to the surface resulted in advection with end points in the open sea (72-76%), i.e. loss of larvae, but with a small fraction (5-12%) displaying cross-basin connectivity. The results suggest, in agreement with depth distribution of spawning, a larval behaviour promoting drift in the lower part of the water mass, favouring retention close to coastal nursery areas. Obtained dispersal patterns may sustain both local recruitment but also connectivity with other areas, potentially explaining the low genetic diversity between areas for P. solemdali. Low inter-annual variability in dispersal patterns when drifting at 10-22 m depth suggests that larval drift is not a major bottleneck explaining recruitment variability in P. solemdali in the area. The study highlights the differences in life-history strategies of the species pair of flounder in the Baltic Sea; P. flesus spawning in the deep basins with extensive larval dispersal, and coastal spawning P. solemdali with, according to the model outcome, mainly local larval dispersal for sustaining a viable population, i.e. request for different management strategies.
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4.
  • Florin, Ann-Britt, et al. (författare)
  • Uppföljning av fredningsområdet vid Gotska Sandön 2006-2010
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I mars 2006 infördes ett 360 km2 stort fiskefritt område kring Gotska Sandön, i syfte att utvärdera effekterna av fiskeförbud på fiskbestånd. Ett uppföljningsprogram utarbetades för att studera bestånden i försöksområdet och två referensområden, ett öster om Gotland, där fisketrycket är högt, och ett vid det delvis fredade Hoburgs bank. Gotska Sandön hade ett lägre fisketryck än referensområdena redan innan det fiskefria området infördes, vilket möjliggjorde en utvärdering av effekterna på fiskbestånd med ett kortvarigt uppföljningsprogram. Uppföljningsprogrammet inkluderade nätprovfisken, märkning av plattfisk samt modellering av larvspridning. En översikt av resultaten visas i sammanfattningstabellen (sidan 8–9). Sammantaget visar resultaten en tydlig positiveffekt av det fiskefria området på piggvar(Scoph–thalmus maximus), med högre tätheter vid Gotska Sandön jämfört med Gotland och även högre tätheter efter fredningen jämfört med före. Detta i kombination med en högre reproduktiv potential och en potentiell larvexport från Gotska Sandön till Gotland, visar att fredningsområdet kan vara viktigt för att långsiktigt upprätthålla ett livskraftigt piggvarsbestånd vid Gotland. För skrubbskädda (Platichthys flesus)är effekten av fredningsområdet inte lika tydlig, men även här är tätheten högre vid Gotska Sandön än i referensområdena och det finns potential för larvexport från Gotska Sandön till Gotland. För torsk (Gadus morhua) ses ingen effekt av reservatet, vilket var ett förväntat resultat. Torsken har inte, till skillnad från plattfisken, lokala bestånd runt Gotland utan utgör en periferdel av det stora ostliga beståndet av torsk i Östersjön och styrs därför mer av vad som händer i resten av beståndet än vad som händer vid Gotska Sandön. Förutom att fungera som ett viktigtreproduktionsområde för plattfisk utgör fredningsområdet, som ligger i ett marintnaturreservat, även ett viktigt referensområde för forskning, eftersom det är ett av få områden i Östersjön som inte är starktpåverkat av mänsklig aktivitet. För att säkerställa dessa viktiga funktioner bör området därför fortsättningsvis vara stängt för fiske. 
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5.
  • Gydemo, Rolf, et al. (författare)
  • Undersökning av fiskförekomst i Valleviken 2020
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • På uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen i Gotlands län och i samarbete med föreningen Rädda Valleviken, genomfördes undersökningsfisken i Valleviken den 25-26 augusti samt 30-31 augusti 2020. Fiske skedde på samma tio lokaler sedan 2016.  Efter de genomförda fem årens fisken kan vissa trender iakttas. Mest iögonenfallande är den mycket kraftiga ökningen av abborre sedan 2018 års årsklass i samband med den varma sommaren 2018 vilket uppenbart gett avtryck i fångsterna av abborre. Förändringar hos några andra arter kan också ses, såsom att skrubbskädda (flundra) har minskat under perioden och att svartmunnad smörbult spridit sig till och i Valleviken och att den tycks återhämta sig sedan den massdöd som observerades på Gotland och många andra platser runt Östersjön 2018. Fortsatta undersökningsfisken bör ge ytterligare information över långsiktiga beståndsförändringar hos flera av de vanligaste arterna i de mer strandnära vattnen runt den gotländska kusten. 
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6.
  • Hinrichsen, H. -H, et al. (författare)
  • Biophysical modeling of survival and dispersal of Central and Eastern Baltic Sea flounder (Platichthys flesus) larvae
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Sea Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-1101 .- 1873-1414. ; 142, s. 11-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The period of larval drift into a suitable nursery area is considered to be of great significance for recruitment variability in flatfish. Here, a hydrodynamic model coupled with a Lagrangian particle tracking technique was utilized to study the drift from the first feeding larval stage until time of settlement of Central and Eastern Baltic flounder (Platichthys flesus), originating from spawning in the Baltic Sea deep basins, the Arkona- and Bornholm basin (central Baltic Sea), and the Gdansk deep and Gotland basin (eastern Baltic Sea). We examined the spatio-temporal dynamics of the probability to settle in preferred nursery habitat by detailed drift model simulations. The study suggests that the majority of larvae (89% and 74% for Central- and Eastern Baltic flounder, respectively) drift towards coastal areas and settle at metamorphosis ≤20 km from a sandy habitat enabling further migration to a preferred nursery area, i.e. larval drift seems not to be a major bottleneck in recruitment of flounder spawning in the Baltic Sea deep basins. The drift model results suggest that Central Baltic flounder utilize nursery areas mainly in the central and western Baltic, and in the Kattegat, whereas Eastern Baltic flounder mainly utilize the coast in the central and eastern Baltic. Thus, the two stock components seem to use different nursery areas following settlement. Further, in accordance with the “nursery size hypothesis”, the model demonstrates that larvae from the Bornholm basin, utilizing areas with extensive distribution of preferred nursery habitat, display the highest relative successful transport to nursery grounds until settling (72% of successfully settled larvae), suggesting that spawning in the Bornholm Basin is of great importance for stock recruitment of deep basin spawning Baltic flounder.
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7.
  • Hinrichsen, H-H, et al. (författare)
  • Spawning areas of eastern Baltic cod revisited : Using hydrodynamic modelling to reveal spawning habitat suitability, egg survival probability, and connectivity patterns
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Progress in Oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0079-6611 .- 1873-4472. ; 143, s. 13-25
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the highly variable environment of the Baltic Sea two genetically distinct cod stocks exist, one west of the island of Bornholm, which is referred to as the western stock, and one to the east of Bornholm, the eastern stock. A hydrodynamic model combined with a Lagrangian particle tracking technique was utilised to provide spatially and temporally resolved long-term information on environmentally-related (i) spawning habitat size, (ii) egg/yolk-sac larval survival, (iii) separation of causes of mortality, and (iv) connectivity between spawning areas of eastern Baltic cod. Simulations were performed to quantify processes generating heterogeneity in spatial distribution of cod eggs and yolk sac larvae up to the first feeding stage. The spatial extent of cod eggs represented as virtual drifters is primarily determined by oxygen and salinity conditions at spawning, which define the habitat requirement to which cod's physiology is suited for egg development. The highest habitat suitability occurred in the Bornholm Basin, followed by the Gdansk Deep, while relatively low habitat suitability was obtained for the Arkona and the Gotland Basin. During drift egg and yolk sac larval survival is to a large extent affected by sedimentation. Eggs initially released in the western spawning grounds (Arkona and Bornholm Basin) were more affected by sedimentation than those released in the eastern spawning grounds (Gdansk Deep and Gotland Basin). Highest relative survival of eastern Baltic cod eggs occurred in the Bornholm Basin, with a pronounced decrease towards the Gdansk Deep and the Gotland Basin. Relatively low survival rates in the Gdansk Deep and in the Gotland Basin were attributable to oxygen-dependent mortality. Low oxygen content had almost no impact on survival in the Arkona Basin. For all spawning areas temperature dependent mortality was only evident after severe winters. Egg buoyancy in relation to topographic features like bottom sills and strong bottom slopes could appear as a barrier for the transport of Baltic cod eggs and yolk sac larvae and could potentially limit the connectivity of Baltic cod early life stages between the different basins in the western and eastern Baltic Sea. The possibility of an eastward directed transport up to the first-feeding larval stage exists only for eggs and yolk sac larvae at high buoyancy levels, suggesting that dispersal of early life stages between these spawning areas is limited.
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8.
  • Hinrichsen, Hans-Harald, et al. (författare)
  • Survival and dispersal variability of pelagic eggs and yolk-sac larvae of central and eastern baltic flounder (Platichthys flesus) : application of biophysical models
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 74:1, s. 41-55
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A hydrodynamic model coupled with a Lagrangian particle tracking technique was utilized to simulate spatially and temporally resolved long-term environmentally related (i) size of habitat suitable for reproduction, (ii) egg/yolk-sac larval survival, (iii) separation of causes of mortality, and (iv) connectivity between spawning areas of Baltic flounder with pelagiceggs. Information on reproduction habitat requirements and mortality sources were obtained from field or laboratory studies. In our modelling study we only quantified physical processes generating heterogeneity in spatial distribution of eggs and yolk-sac larvae, as e.g. predation is not accounted for. The spatial extent of eggs and larvae represented as modelled particles is primarily determined by oxygen and salinity conditions. The reproduction habitat most suitable was determined for the Gdansk Deep, followed by the Bornholm Basin. Relatively low habitat suitability was obtained for the Arkona Basin and the Gotland Basin. The model runs also showed yolk-sac larval survival to be to a large extent affected by sedimentation. Eggs initially released in the Arkona Basin and Bornholm Basin are strongly affected by sedimentation compared with those released in the Gdansk Deep and Gotland Basin. Highest relative survival of eggs occurred in the Gdansk Deep and in the Bornholm Basin. Relatively low survival rates in the Gotland Basin were attributable to oxygen-dependent mortality. Oxygen content had almost no impact on survival in the Arkona Basin. For all spawning areas mortality caused by lethally low temperatures was only evident after severe winters. Buoyancy of eggs and yolk-sac larvae in relation to topographic features appear as a barrier for the transport of eggs and yolk-sac larvae and potentially limits the connectivity of early life stages between the different spawning areas.
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9.
  • Limburg, Karin E., et al. (författare)
  • In search of the dead zone : Use of otoliths for tracking fish exposure to hypoxia
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963 .- 1879-1573. ; 141, s. 167-178
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Otolith chemistry is often useful for tracking provenance of fishes, as well as examining migration histories. Whereas elements such as strontium and barium correlate well with salinity and temperature, experiments that examine manganese uptake as a function of these parameters have found no such correlation. Instead, dissolved manganese is available as a redox product, and as such, is indicative of low-oxygen conditions. Here we present evidence for that mechanism in a range of habitats from marine to freshwater, across species, and also present ancillary proxies that support the mechanism as well. For example, iodine is redox-sensitive and varies inversely with Mn; and sulfur stable isotope ratios provide evidence of anoxic sulfate reduction in some circumstances. Further, S may be incorporated trophically whereas other elements appear to be taken up directly from water. This research suggests a potential means to identify individual fish exposure to hypoxia, over entire lifetimes. With further testing and understanding, in the future fish may be able to be used as "mobile monitors" of hypoxic conditions. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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10.
  • Martinsson, Jesper, 1981- (författare)
  • Ecology of juvenile turbot and flounder in the Central Baltic Sea : Implications for recruitment
  • 2011
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Our understanding of turbot and flounder ecology in the Baltic Sea is insufficient for sound management decisions. This thesis aims to fill some gaps in current knowledge by providing information of the ecology of turbot and flounder within their juvenile habitat, and to relate these findings to issues assumed relevant for recruitment variation. Main focus is on turbot due to its relatively low abundance and high variability in recruitment. The distribution of both species was studied on different scales, as was environmental effects on food consumption in 0-group turbot. The 0-group turbot display a relatively restricted spatial distribution compared to flounder. This is possibly due to a more specialized diet, which may make them more vulnerable to habitat degradation, especially eutrophication as a strong negative correlation was found with the organic content in the sediment. The species show high temporal and spatial overlap when settling in July-September, with peak abundances in August, and at depths <1 m. Both species display sedentary behavior within the nursery ground. Compared to flounder, turbot was more mobile potentially due to its restricted diet calling for extended searches. For turbot, feeding conditions appear to vary between size groups, which potentially could cause variations in survival between years through size-selective mortality. But, the predation may be low in central Baltic Sea as the abundance of the main predator, brown shrimp are comparatively low during flatfish occupancy. A significant positive relationship was found between the recruitment of turbot and flounder, which suggests that no inter-specific interactions during the juvenile stage affect recruitment. This co-variation also suggests that the recruitment of the species is determined by the same phenomena, potentially by large scale abiotic factors during the egg- and larval stage. For turbot, additional variability is potentially generated during the juvenile stage due to its relatively restricted food and habitat requirements. The specific habitat demands of turbot revealed in this thesis may be used to protect and restore essentially nursery grounds.
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