| 1. |
- Qureshi, Abdul Sattar, et al.
(författare)
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Fruit waste to energy through open fermentation
- 2017
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ENERGY. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. ; 142, s. 904-909
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to examine the nonsterilized fermentation conditions for coproduction of pectinases and lipase enzymes using several fruit wastes as an energy source. Thermophilic fungal strain, Penicillium expansum CM,1 39671 was used as a fermenting strain. The effect of process conditions including; nitrogen sources, pH, temperature, time and moisture contents, on the production of both enzymes were studied. The highest activities of pectinase and lipase (2817, 1870 U/g dry substrate) enzymes were found with orange peel feedstock, whereas the lowest activities of 1662 U/g and 1266 U/g were found with banana peel and papaya peel feedstocks respectively. Overall, pectinase showed higher enzymatic activities than lipase enzymes, both having similar increasing and decreasing trends, at all studied conditions. The optimum process conditions of peptone as a nitrogen source, pH 7, 40 degrees C, 5 days and 70% moisture contents, were found to show highest enzymatic activities for both enzymes. The orange peel feedstock showed no significant difference in both enzymes' activities at sterilized and nonnotarized process conditions. Pectinase and lipase enzymes showed (13791 U/g) and (8114 U/g) for sterilized and (14091 U/g) and (8324 U/g) for nonnotarized process conditions respectively. In addition, the fungal strains also produce bacteriocin-like compounds that could inhibit microbial growth. These findings will help to design and develop robust, cost-effective and less energy intensive enzyme production processes and consequently an efficient fruit waste to energy system through open fermentation. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Naqvi, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Gasification integrated with small chemical pulp mills for fuel and energy production
- 2017
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ENERGY. - : Elsevier. ; 142, s. 977-983
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulp mills without black liquor recovery cycle could play a major role in employing black liquor gasification (BLG) to produce transport fuels. In conventional chemical pulp mills, black liquor is burnt in recovery boilers to generate steam and electricity to meet energy demands. The inorganic chemicals are reused for the digestion process. However, the energy content and inorganic chemicals are not recovered in small scale pulp mills especially in the developing countries which do not employ recovery cycle. This study investigates the potential of synthetic natural gas (SNG) production by integrating BLG island with a reference pulp mill without chemical recovery cycle. The improvements in overall energy efficiency are evaluated using performance indicators such as biofuel production potential, integrated system's efficiency, and energy ratios. The oxygen-blown circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasification with direct causticization is integrated with reference pulp mill. The results showed considerable SNG production without external biomass import. However to compensate total electricity deficit, the electricity will be imported from the grid. There is a substantial CO2 abatement potential of combining CO2 capture using seloxol absorption, and CO2 mitigation from SNG by replacing gasoline. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 3. |
- Abdul-Sattar, Nizami, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative analysis using EIA for developed and developing coutnries case studies of hydroelectric power plants in Pakistan, Norway and Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-2627 .- 1350-4509. ; 18:2, s. 134-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an important legislative and scientific tool that may assist and improve the quality assistance for the decision-making process in sustainable development. Here, a comparison of EIAs from three cases of hydropower projects in Pakistan, Norway and Sweden is reported. A huge difference concerning the incorporation of environmental considerations into the decisionmaking process between developed and developing countries is observed. The EIA system of Pakistan appears to be less efficient in the application and review process. In addition, the appraisal of issues, the decision-making process and evaluation through post-monitoring is not as well performed in Pakistan as in cases of hydroelectric power plants in Sweden and Norway. The key reason for this shortcoming is misconceptions about the EIA process, which initially receives intense attention but becomes weakened by the time of implementation. This implies that there is a need to adopt simplified and flexible EIA techniques suitable for the infrastructure and resources of a specific country, taking into account institutional, technical and financial constraints. Improvements are required in public participation, awareness, as well as in environmental control and data system sectors in Pakistan, besides simply enacting legislation to achieve the goals of the EIA system.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Moustakas, Konstantinos, et al.
(författare)
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Energy and resource recovery through integrated sustainable waste management
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 261, s. 1-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This editorial is prepared for the Applied Energy Journal as a Virtual Special Issue (VSI) and it overviews the research work presented at the NAXOS 2018 6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, held from 13th to 16th June 2018 in Naxos Island, Greece. The research articles presented in VSI highlight the recent developments in waste valorisation for the recovery of energy, fuels and value-added products. They also cover the primary hurdles and potential solutions moving towards more sustainable society. This editorial not only presents the overall summary of the extended research papers from NAXOS 2018, but also provides an overview of the current trends and developments in the fields of waste management, waste valorization, and energy production systems. The articles published in this VSI cover a wide range of topics, including energy recovery from waste, waste to energy technologies, sustainable energy systems, anaerobic digestion, thermal arc plasma gasification, microalgal-based biorefinery, waste management, modelling of advanced gasification systems, waste valorization, and microbial fuel cell technology. 10 manuscripts, out of total 21 extended mansucripts invited, were accepted for publication in the Applied Energy Journal through peer review process conducted by the expert reviewers in the relevant fields with the aid of the guest editors.
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| 6. |
- Naqvi, Salman Raza, et al.
(författare)
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New trends in improving gasoline quality and octane through naphtha isomerization : a short review
- 2018
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Ingår i: APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH. - : Springer. - 2190-5533 .- 2190-5533 .- 2190-5525. ; 8:3, s. 131-139
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The octane enhancement of light straight run naphtha is one of the significant solid acid catalyzed processes in the modern oil refineries due to limitations of benzene, aromatics, and olefin content in gasoline. This paper aims to examine the role of various catalysts that are being utilized for the isomerization of light naphtha with an ambition to give an insight into the reaction mechanism at the active catalyst sites, and the effect of various contaminants on catalyst activity. In addition, different technologies used for isomerization process are evaluated and compared by different process parameters.
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| 7. |
- Nizami, Abdul-Sattar, et al.
(författare)
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Energy, economic and environmental savings by waste recycling : A case study of Madinah City
- 2017
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ENERGY. - : Elsevier. ; 142, s. 910-915
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), millions of worshippers come from across the globe to perform religious rituals of Pilgrimage (Hajj) and Umrah. Madinah-tul-Munawara is one of the holiest city, where pilgrims come after performing rituals in Makkah. In this city, most of the collected municipal solid waste (MSW) is disposed of in the landfills after a partial recycling of paper, cardboard, and metals (similar to 10-20% of total MSW). The Saudi's government has recently launched a new policy of Vision 2030, which outlined the safeguard of local environment through increased efficiency of waste recycling and management, pollution prevention strategies and generating renewable energy from indigenous sources, including the waste. Currently, the recycling practices in KSA are mainly regulated by an informal sector through waste pickers or waste scavengers. This has led to the need of recycling schemes, especially in the holiest cities of Makkah and Madinah through a public-private partnership (PPP). Huge amounts of energy can be conserved, that would otherwise be spent on raw material extraction, transportation, and manufacturing of materials, through recycling into the same materials. Around 10,009 TJ of energy can be saved through recycling of 24.21% of MSW in Madinah city, including glass, metals, aluminum, cardboard, and paper. It is estimated that around 10,200 tons of methane (CH4) emissions and 254,600 Mt center dot CO2 eq. of global warming potential (GWP) can also be saved. In addition, carbon credit revenue of US $5.92 million, and landfill diversion worth of US $32.78 million can be achieved with a net revenue of US $49.01 million every year only by recycling 24.21% of MSW in Madinah city. The waste recycling doesn't require high technical skills and labor, and complicated technologies for large-scale implementation, and therefore, can be implemented easily in the holiest cities of Makkah and Madinah to achieve multiple economic and environmental benefits. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 8. |
- Nizami, Abdul-Sattar, et al.
(författare)
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Waste biorefineries : enabling circular economies in developing countries
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 241, s. 1101-1117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to examine the potential of waste biorefineries in developing countries as a solution to current waste disposal problems and as facilities to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added products. The waste in developing countries represents a significant source of biomass, recycled materials, chemicals, energy, and revenue if wisely managed and used as a potential feedstock in various biorefinery technologies such as fermentation, anaerobic digestion (AD), pyrolysis, incineration, and gasification. However, the selection or integration of biorefinery technologies in any developing country should be based on its waste characterization. Waste biorefineries if developed in developing countries could provide energy generation, land savings, new businesses and consequent job creation, savings of landfills costs, GHG emissions reduction, and savings of natural resources of land, soil, and groundwater. The challenges in route to successful implementation of biorefinery concept in the developing countries are also presented using life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Rehan, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Waste to Energy : A Case Study of Madinah City
- 2017
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ENERGY. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. ; 142, s. 688-693
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of energy from waste is getting popular nowadays across the globe, as being capable of producing multi fuels and value-added products from different fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW). The energy recovery technologies under this concept are anaerobic digestion (AD), pyrolysis, transesterification, refuse derived fuel (RDF) and incineration. This concept is very relevant to implementation in countries like Saudi Arabia, who wants to cut their dependence on oil. Moreover, the waste to energy becomes the imperative need of the time because of new governmental policy 'Vision 2030' that firmly said to produce renewable energy from indigenous sources of waste, wind and solar and due to given situations of Hajj and Umrah with massive amounts of waste generation in a short period. This study focused on two waste to energy technologies, AD and pyrolysis for food (40% of MSW) and plastic (20% of MSW) waste streams respectively. The energy potential of 1409.63 and 5619.80 TJ can be produced if all of the food and plastic waste of the Madinah city are processed through AD and pyrolysis respectively. This is equivalent to 15.64 and 58.81 MW from biogas and pyrolytic oil respectively or total 74.45 MW of continuous electricity supply in Madinah city throughout the whole year. It has been estimated that the development of AD and pyrolysis technologies will also benefit the economy with net savings of around US $63.51 and US $53.45 million respectively, totaling to an annual benefit of US $116.96 million Therefore, in Saudi Arabia and particularly in Holiest cities of Makkah and Madinah the benefits of waste to energy are several, including the development of renewable-energy, solving MSW problems, new businesses, and job creation and improving environmental and public health.
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