| 1. |
- Lundman, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Self-Transcendence Scale among very old people
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Measurement. - : Springer. - 1061-3749 .- 1945-7049. ; 23:1, s. 96-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study tested the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Self-Transcendence Scale (STS).METHODS: Cohen's weighted kappa, agreement, absolute reliability, relative reliability, and internal consistency were calculated, and the underlying structure of the STS was established by exploratory factor analysis. There were 2 samples available: 1 including 194 people aged 85-103 years and a convenience sample of 60 people aged 21-69 years.RESULTS: Weighted kappa values ranged from .40 to .89. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the original STS was .763, and the least significant change between repeated tests was 6.25 points.CONCLUSION: The revised STS was found to have satisfactory psychometric properties, and 2 of the 4 underlying dimensions in Reed's self-transcendence theory were supported.
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| 2. |
- Norberg, Astrid, 1939-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-transcendence (ST) among very old people : its associations to social and medical factors and development over five years
- 2015
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Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 61:2, s. 247-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to describe the associations between ST and psychological and physical wellbeing among oldest old people and to test the influence of negative life events on ST, and the predictive value of the self-transcendence scale (STS) for mortality.BACKGROUND: ST has been identified as a valuable resource for transcending psychological and physical suffering and has been related to psychological wellbeing and higher quality of life.DESIGN: The study design was correlational, prospective, and longitudinal.SETTINGS: The participants were recruited from a medium-sized town and from an adjacent rural area in northern Sweden.METHOD: The sample consisted of 190 participants (123 women and 67 men) who completed the STS. At a 5-year follow-up, 55 people (29.5%) were alive and able to complete the assessments again.RESULTS: ST was positively associated with psychological wellbeing, self-rated health, having someone to talk with and being able to go outdoors independently. Diagnoses of depression, dementia disease, and osteoporosis were associated with lower STS scores as were living in a residential care facility, and feeling lonely. There was a significant relationship between the index of negative life events and ST between baseline and follow-up. More negative life events were associated with a larger decline in STS scores over five years.CONCLUSION: ST is an important source for wellbeing among the oldest old, and the accumulation of negative life events might threaten the ability to transcend setbacks.
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| 3. |
- Norberg, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religious Orientation Among the Very Old
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1552-8030 .- 1552-8049. ; 24:4, s. 314-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to test a shortened version of the Swedish Religious Orientation Scale's (SROS) appropriateness, feasibility, and ability to distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation among very old people. The participants (n = 43) were Lutheran believers aged ≥85 years. They scored high on both the intrinsic and extrinsic sub-scales and a cluster analysis revealed three clusters of items, one measuring intrinsic religious orientation and two measuring extrinsic religious orientation. The shortened version of the SROS appears appropriate for distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation among very old people.
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| 4. |
- Lindberg, Malin, Professor, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Inclusive funding for enhanced impact of social sciences and humanities
- 2019
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Ingår i: fteval Journal for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation. - : Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation (fteval). - 1726-6629. ; :48, s. 82-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to expand the knowledge on how societal impact of social sciences and humanities (SSH) can be enhanced through public funding of research and innovation, a process of designing digitalised tools for inclusive funding is scrutinised, involving four Swedish funding agencies and an Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) of SSH researchers. The agencies shared the challenge to attract a broader range of SSH researchers to apply for their funding. Excluding and including mechanisms were identified in the interactions, texts and images of the formulation, communication and processing of calls for funding. The developed tools digitally guide the user through queries regarding the present and potential diversity of SSH representation among applicants, reviewers, agencystaff, etc. and regarding the formulation and communication of call texts, assessmentcriteria and reviewer instructions. The tools thus enhance SSH impact by making funding more available, but fail to demonstrate how concrete interaction with societal actors may enhance this.
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| 5. |
- Melander, Catharina
(författare)
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Piecing together a fragmented world : Structures to promote the understanding of people with advanced dementia
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding people with dementia whose verbal ability has been impaired is a complex and challenging task, even for professional nursing staff. The aim of this PhD thesis was to explore structures that may promote the understanding of people with advanced dementia living in nursing homes. It focusses specifically on (I) the clinical reasoning employed by assistant nurses when utilizing the NPI-NH (Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home version) as a tool to assess frequency and severity of BPSD (behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia, i.e. problematic behaviours) in people with advanced dementia, (II) whether a sensor measuring electrodermal activity (EDA) can improve the identification of agitation in individuals with dementia, (III) how an EDA sensor impacts assistant nurses’ structured assessments of problematic behaviours amongst people with dementia and their choices of care interventions, and (IV) how Martha Nussbaum’s approach to human capabilities can apply to dignity in the lives of people with advanced dementia living in nursing homes. Study I used a method of discourse analysis that focussed on clinical reasoning utilized by assistant nurses when assessing problematic behaviours. In study II, a nonexperimental and correlational observation of the relationship between a sensor measuring EDA and assistant nurses’ structured observations of agitation in people with advanced dementia was applied. Study III used both quantitative and qualitative approaches; data were collected during structured assessments of problematic behaviours conducted by assistant nurses, as well as by focus group interviews with assistant nurses. Study IV took an ethnographic approach with participatory observations that were analyzed with a recursive analysis using a theoretical framework for the conditions necessary for a dignified human life. The structure of the NPI-NH provided a supportive framework that encouraged assistant nurses to discuss and broaden their understanding of the person with dementia (I). The EDA sensor provided continuous information regardless of staff presence and the potential to identify EDA prior to observing these behaviours (II, III), which supported the understanding of the person and when to introduce timely interventions to prevent the onset of problematic behaviours (III). The structure of Nussbaum’s approach to human capabilities illuminated that people with advanced dementia were at risk of living a life in which their opportunities for human capabilities were limited, and hence, the possibility to live a dignified life (IV). An overview of the findings in this thesis indicates that the studied structures were used to piece together fragments of information to create a comprehensive understanding of the needs of the person with dementia. For the structures to support the understanding of the person with dementia, it was crucial that nursing staff were present, attentive and engaged in each person’s situation in order for them to figure out how to piece together and integrate the structures into the overall understanding of the person and, based on that, formulate caring actions in daily life that are meaningful from the perspective of the person with advanced dementia.
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| 6. |
- Norberg, Catharina, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Something wonderful and incomprehensible : Expressions and experiences of spirituality among very old people
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal for the Study of Spirituality. - : Routledge. - 2044-0243 .- 2044-0251. ; 9:2, s. 125-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to illuminate very old people’s experiences and expressions of spirituality and is a part of the Umeå 85+/Gerontological Regional Database (GERDA). The participants (n = 12) had declared an interest in spirituality, were 86–99 years of age, and were interviewed in their own homes. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed that spirituality was experienced as being in communion, transcending life’s circumstances, and living in a spiritual reality. Spirituality was expressed as an inner sense of communion with God and with other people, and as a spiritual reality. The participants expressed a desire to talk about spiritual experiences and personal beliefs but regarded spirituality as an uncommon topic. Nurses and other professionals need to be aware of spiritual needs and prepared to give spiritual care.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Norberg, Catharina, 1961-
(författare)
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Understanding spirituality and religiosity among very old people : measurements and experiences
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Spirituality is a multifaceted concept. In this thesis, spirituality is understood as an overarching term and a core of a person´s being. Religiosity is seen as one of many expressions of spirituality. Very old people are a vulnerable population, with an increased risk to be exposed to negative life events. Spirituality is suggested to have an impact on the possibility to adapt to life circumstances and manage age-related challenges.Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to assess psychometric properties of instruments and to gain understanding about associations and experiences in relation to spirituality and religiosity among very old people.Method: The thesis has been conducted in the population based Umeå 85+/GERDA study. Half of those aged 85, all 90 year old, and all aged 95 and older in Umeå, Västerbotten, northern Sweden and in Ostrobothnia in Western Finland were invited to participate (cf. Näsman et al, 2017). Questionnaires used to measure religiosity versus spirituality were the Religious Orientations Scale (SROS) and the Self-Transcendence Scale (STS). None of these has previously been validated among very old people in a Swedish context. Factors associated and correlating with STS score are presented. How very old people express and perceive spirituality is also studied. Result: The participants in study I scored high on both subscales, indicating that they were religious in both an intrinsic and extrinsic manner. The SROS ability to distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic items was tested. The cluster analysis revealed three clusters interpreted as intrinsic, extrinsic-personal, and extrinsic-social religious orientation, with no cross-loadings. The revised version of STS, (study II) with 10 items, had satisfactory psychometric properties (α .83). A factor analysis resulted in a two-factor solution (α .78 & .73). Test-retest reliability and concurrent criterion validity were supported. In study III STS showed a positive association with psychological well-being, self-rated health, having someone to talk with, and being able to go outdoors independently. A negative association was found between STS and diagnosis of depression, dementia disease, osteoporosis, living in a geriatric care institution, and feeling lonely. An accumulation of negative life events was associated with a larger decline of STS score over five years. Findings in study IV showed that spirituality was perceived as a connectedness to God, and other people. Telling about spiritual experiences was described as uncommon in conversation due to the private nature of the subject area and because of a fear of being considered as dubious. The findings also showed that experiences of spirituality were connected to a view of life where participants were transcending life’s circumstances, and experiencing mysteries. Conclusion: The results propose that the Swedish version of SROS and STS, aimed to measure religious orientation versus self-transcendence have satisfactory psychometric properties and are feasible to use among very old people. Furthermore, self-transcendence was positively and significantly, associated and correlated, to a number of factors known to enhance well-being. Spirituality was understood as including religiosity, a belief in God, connectedness to other people and conviction about a spiritual reality. The very old expressed a desire to share personal beliefs and experiences of spirituality, but they found it difficult due to a fear of not being taken serious. Hence spiritual needs can be unnoticed within the health care context, health care professionals need knowledge in order to recognize expressions of spirituality, and skills to support patients in a need of spiritual care.
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