| 1. |
- Abdollahi Sani, Negar, et al.
(författare)
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All-printed diode operating at 1.6 GHz
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 111:33, s. 11943-11948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Printed electronics are considered for wireless electronic tags and sensors within the future Internet-of-things (IoT) concept. As a consequence of the low charge carrier mobility of present printable organic and inorganic semiconductors, the operational frequency of printed rectifiers is not high enough to enable direct communication and powering between mobile phones and printed e-tags. Here, we report an all-printed diode operating up to 1.6 GHz. The device, based on two stacked layers of Si and NbSi2 particles, is manufactured on a flexible substrate at low temperature and in ambient atmosphere. The high charge carrier mobility of the Si microparticles allows device operation to occur in the charge injection-limited regime. The asymmetry of the oxide layers in the resulting device stack leads to rectification of tunneling current. Printed diodes were combined with antennas and electrochromic displays to form an all-printed e-tag. The harvested signal from a Global System for Mobile Communications mobile phone was used to update the display. Our findings demonstrate a new communication pathway for printed electronics within IoT applications.
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| 2. |
- Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Screen printed digital circuits based on vertical organicelectrochemical transistors
- 2017
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Ingår i: Flexible and Printed Electronics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2058-8585. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertical organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been manufactured solely using screenprinting. The OECTs are based on PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid)), which defines the active material for both the transistor channel and the gateelectrode. The resulting vertical OECT devices and circuits exhibit low-voltage operation, relativelyfast switching, small footprint and high manufacturing yield; the last three parameters are explainedby the reliance of the transistor configuration on a robust structure in which the electrolyte verticallybridges the bottom channel and the top gate electrode. Two different architectures of the verticalOECT have been manufactured, characterized and evaluated in parallel throughout this report. Inaddition to the experimental work, SPICE models enabling simulations of standalone OECTs andOECT-based circuits have been developed. Our findings may pave the way for fully integrated, lowvoltageoperating and printed signal processing systems integrated with e.g. printed batteries, solarcells, sensors and communication interfaces. Such technology can then serve a low-cost basetechnology for the internet of things, smart packaging and home diagnostics applications.
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| 3. |
- Beni, Valerio, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Printed electrochemical instruments for biosensors
- 2015
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Ingår i: ECS Transactions. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 9781607685395 ; , s. 1-13
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobile diagnostics for healthcare, food safety and environmental monitoring, demand a new generation of inexpensive sensing systems suitable for production in high volume. Herein we report on the development of a new disposable electrochemical instrument exploiting the latest advances in printed electronics and printed biosensors. The current system is manufactured under ambient conditions with all interconnections printed; electrochemical measurements and data elaboration are realized by the integration onto the platform of two chips: a MICROCHIP-PIC24F16KA101 and a Texas Instrument's LMP91000. A PEDOT.PSS vertical electrochromic display (VECD) is also incorporated into the system to visualize the data. A printed Enfucell 3V manganese dioxide battery was used to deliver the required power. Finally, in order to demonstrate the utility of the system, screen-printed sensors for the detection of glucose were added and the performance of the overall system was evaluated.
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| 4. |
- Beni, Valerio, et al.
(författare)
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Printed electrochemical instruments for biosensors
- 2015
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Ingår i: ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology. - : Electrochemical Society Inc.. - 2162-8769 .- 2162-8777. ; 4:10, s. S3001-S3005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobile diagnostics for healthcare, food safety and environmental monitoring, demand a new generation of inexpensive sensing systems suitable for production in high volume. Herein we report on the development of a new disposable electrochemical instrument exploiting the latest advances in printed electronics and printed biosensors. The current system is manufactured under ambient conditions with all interconnections printed; electrochemical measurements and data elaboration are realized by the integration onto the platform of two chips: a MICROCHIP-PIC24F16KA101 and a Texas Instrument's LMP91000. A PEDOT.PSS vertical electrochromic display (VECD) is also incorporated into the system to visualize the data. A printed Enfucell 3V manganese dioxide battery was used to deliver the required power. Finally, in order to demonstrate the utility of the system, screen-printed sensors for the detection of glucose were added and the performance of the overall system was evaluated.
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| 5. |
- Berggren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Browsing the Real World using Organic Electronics, Si-Chips, and a Human Touch
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 28:10, s. 1911-1916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two different e-labels were developed to explore the feasibility and to identify scientifi c and engineering challenges of the Real-World-Web platform. First was a printed biosensor e-label, comprising Si-chips with an array of different printegrated devices, and second, an e-label to explore the feasibility of transferring data, through the human body, between a mobile device and different distributed e-labels, adhered onto the body or onto dedicated devices and surfaces of one's ambience. The silicon chips utilized in e-labels, include analogue and digital circuitry to receive and handle sensory input, to perform signal processing, and to transmit information to antennas and displays. When used, the e-label is turned on, and a sample is then added onto the sensor area. The display provides simple instructions and updated information to the user. All data handling, electrical probing, and analysis of the sensor is performed by the Si-chips, and the sensing data is finally shown in the printed display. The second e-label exemplifies an ID-tag for body area networks (BAN) communication applications, which, in part, is manufactured and integrated in the same way as the first e-label, but with another choice of Si-chips and capacitive antennas.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Norberg, Petronella, 1964-
(författare)
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Gas Flow And Chemical Reactions In Submicron Channels
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Through micromachining, it has become possible to realize mechanical structures of small dimensions with high reproducibility. There are numerous fields of application for such devices. The miniaturised structures have not only been used to improve existing techniques, but they have provided us with totally new possibilities. In this work, gas flow and chemical reactions were investigated in shallow (~ 100 nm) micromachined channel, with an extreme length-to-depth ratio (~500000). The flow through the channels is molecular, also at atmospheric pressures. Besides, the number of wall collisions suffered by the transmitted molecules is of the order of(L/d)2 .(~ 2.5 x 1011) Any surface induced phenomena, which occurs upon one wall collision, will thus be enhanced by the numerous wall interactions. Especially, a chemical reaction, which occurs with extremely small probability when a molecule strikes the wall once, may occur with unit probability for the transmitted molecules. In short, the channel is an instrument, which through its geometry makes certain surface phenomena observable. Several findings are presented, which contributes to the understanding of surface induced effects, such as adsorption, reflection and chemical reactions. Besides, the characterizations of inert and reactive flows in the micromachined channels meet an increased need to understand the physics inside of submicron structures.Two different kinds of channel structure model catalysts were used, and the thesis contains descriptions of their respective design and fabrication. The channels were occasionally made catalytically active through evaporation of a 10 Å thick Pt filmalong the bottom. The experiments were performed with a channel structure inserted as a leak between a gas cell and an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) mass spectrometer chamber. When gas is flown into the gas cell, molecules from the gas impinge on the channel orifice and a few of them diffuse through the channel into the UHV chamber. The transmitted molecules were recorded with mass spectrometer.Gas transport at atmospheric pressures under Knudsen-like conditions in Si-quartz glass channels was thoroughly characterized and modelled.The water forming reaction from oxygen and hydrogen/deuterium on Pt was investigated in SiO2/Pt-quartz glass channel structures. The channel walls were found to act as a sink for water molecules. Furthermore, it was found found that oxygen adsorbates more easily block for hydrogen adsorption/dissociation than vice versa. Data is presented, which confirm that the water forming reaction in the channel proceeds until, and even after, the channel is obstructed with water and thus leak tight. When the channel is drained through spontaneous desorption, water is released at an almost constant rate from the moment the channel has opened until all water has left the channel.Hydrogenation of ethylene was investigated in a SiO2/Pt-quartz glass channel and evidence for a process, which involves hydrogen adsorption, possibly induced by ethylene deposits, was found. This process is suggested to promote the continuous hydrogenation reaction.Hydrogen induced C02 formation from ethylene deposits on Pt during consecutive H2 and 02 exposures was observed in a SiO2/Pt-quartz glass channel. Frequent switching of the H2/02 exposure pulses was found to increase the efficiency of the oxidation of the carbonaceous deposits markedly. This result may, for instance, have implications for conditioning of various catalysts.
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| 8. |
- Rattfält, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of screen printed electrocardiography smartware electrodes investigated in an electro-chemical cell
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biomedical engineering online. - : BioMed Central Ltd.. - 1475-925X. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: ECG (Electrocardiogram) measurements in home health care demands new sensor solutions. In this study, six different configurations of screen printed conductive ink electrodes have been evaluated with respect to electrode potential variations and electrode impedance.Methods: The electrode surfaces consisted of a Ag/AgCl-based ink with a conduction line of carbon or Ag-based ink underneath. On top, a lacquer layer was used to define the electrode area and to cover the conduction lines. Measurements were performed under well-defined electro-chemical conditions in a physiologic saline solution.Results: The results showed that all printed electrodes were stable and have a very small potential drift (less than 3 mV/30 min). The contribution to the total impedance was 2% of the set maximal allowed impedance (maximally 1 kΩ at 50 Hz), assuming common values of input impedance and common mode rejection ratio of a regular amplifier.Conclusion: Our conclusions are that the tested electrodes show satisfying properties to be used as elements in a skin electrode design that could be suitable for further investigations by applying the electrodes on the skin.
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| 9. |
- Turner, Anthony, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Printed Paper- and Plastic-based Electrochemical Instruments for Biosensors
- 2014
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Ingår i: 24th Anniversary World Congress on Biosensors – Biosensors 2014. - : Elsevier.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mobile diagnostics for healthcare, food safety and environmental monitoring demand a new generation of inexpensive sensing systems that can be produced in high volume to open up new market niches. By combining the virtues of printed biosensors and paper-based diagnostics, we have introduced a new disposable instrument range exploiting the latest advances in printed electronics. This approach combines the sophistication of advanced electrochemical biosensors with a simple manufacturing technique to create a use-and-throw instrument. The system is manufactured in ambient atmosphere. All interconnections are printed and an anisotropic conductive glue is used for interconnection between the chip and conductors. The current chip is MICROCHIP-PIC24F16KA101 and this can be upgraded for advanced electroanalysis using a further chip such as the Texas Instrument LMP91000. The Enfucell 3V manganese dioxide battery is from our partner company. A vertical electrochrome display (VECD) is incorporated in the demonstrator. The display is produced in house by screen printing. The active electrode is made from a PEDOT:PSS ink and serves both as electro-chromic material and electrical conductor. A solid polymer electrolyte is printed on top of the active electrode and UV cured. The final layer is a screen-printed carbon-based top electrode. When a voltage is applied across the electrodes, a redox reaction occurs, in which the reduced electrode becomes dark blue. The display is paper-like in the sense that it works in reflective mode, that is, no backlight is used to light up the pixels. Screen-printed biosensors are then added as required based on Electrodag PF-407A ink (Henkel) incorporating stabilisers such as lacititol, detergent and binders together with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Performance of the overall system rivals that of current hand-held devices, but can be sold at a fraction of their cost.
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| 10. |
- Wang, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Printable microfluidic systems using pressure sensitive adhesive material for biosensing devices
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3002 .- 1878-2434 .- 0304-4165. ; 1830:9, s. 4398-4401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In biosensors with a fluid analyte, the integration of a microfluidic system, which guides the analyte into the sensing area, is critical. Quicker and economical ways to build up microfluidic systems will make point of care diagnostics viable. Printing is a low-cost technology that is increasingly used in emerging organic and flexible electronics and biosensors. In this paper, we present printed fluidic systems on flexible substrates made with pressure sensitive adhesive materials. Methods Printable pressure sensitive adhesive materials have been used for making microfluidic systems. Flexible substrates have been used, and two types of adhesive materials, one thermally dried and another UV curable, have been tested. Top sealing layer was laminated directly on top of the printed microfluidic structure. Flow tests were done with deionized water. Results Flow tests with deionized water show that both adhesive materials are suitable for capillary flow driven fluidic devices. Flow test using water as dielectric material was also done successfully on a printed electrolyte gated organic field effect transistor with an integrated microfluidic system. General significance Due to its ease of process and low cost, printed microfluidic system is believed to find more applications in biosensing devices. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Organic Bioelectronics - Novel Applications in Biomedicine.
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