| 1. |
- Franc, Niklas, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Factors and scales potentially important for saproxylic beetles in temperate mixed oak forest
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 135:1, s. 86-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of environmental factors on species richness and species composition may be manifested at different spatial levels. Exploring these relationships is important to understand at which spatial scales certain species and organism groups become sensitive to fragmentation and changes in habitat quality. At different spatial scales we evaluated the potential influence of 45 factors (multiple regression, PCA) on saproxylic oak beetles in 21 smaller broadleaved Swedish forests of conservation importance (woodland key habitats, WKH). Local amount of dead wood in forests is often assumed to be important, but two landscape variables, area of oak dominated woodland key habitats within 1 km of sites and regional amount of dead oak wood, were the main (and strong) predictors of variation in local species richness of oak beetles. The result was similar for red-listed beetles associated with oak. Species composition of the beetles was also best predicted by area of oak woodland key habitat within 1 km, with canopy closure as the second predictor. Despite suitable local quality of the woodland key habitats, the density of such habitat patches may in many areas be too low for long-term protection of saproxylic beetles associated with broadleaved temperate forests. Landscapes with many clustered woodland key habitats rich in oak should have high priority for conservation of saproxylic oak beetles.
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| 2. |
- Götmark, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Naturvårdsgallring : vad är det?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biodiverse. - : Centrum för biologisk mångfald. - 1401-5064. ; 14:1, s. 20-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3. |
- Kurina, Olavi, et al.
(författare)
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Fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea excl. Sciaridae) in the Swedish boreonemoral forests
- 2004
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Ingår i: Studia dipterologica. ; 11:2, s. 471-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungus gnats in boreonemoral forests of south Sweden are studied using material collected with Malaise and window traps from 17 localities in the years 2001 and 2002. 250 species are recorded including 76 species new to Sweden. 14 of these are found in Fennoscandia for the first time: Docosia setosa Landrock, D. spec. (indet. sensu Hutson et al. 1980), Brevicornu cognatum Ostroverkhova, Mycetophila eppingensis Chandler, M. lobulata A. Zaitzev, M. pyrenaica Matile, M. subsigillata A. Zaitzev, Sceptonia cryptocauda Chandler, S. flavipuncta Edwards, S. longisetosa Ševcik, S. pilosa Bukowski, S. pughi Chandler, Sciophila interrupta (Winnertz) and S. plurisetosa Edwards. One new synonym is proposed: Dynatosoma dihaeta Polevoi, 1995 = Dynatosoma schachti Plassmann, 1999 syn. nov.
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| 4. |
- Ovaskainen, O., et al.
(författare)
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Combining high-throughput sequencing with fruit body surveys reveals contrasting life-history strategies in fungi
- 2013
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Ingår i: Isme Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-7362 .- 1751-7370. ; 7:9, s. 1696-1709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Before the recent revolution in molecular biology, field studies on fungal communities were mostly confined to fruit bodies, whereas mycelial interactions were studied in the laboratory. Here we combine high-throughput sequencing with a fruit body inventory to study simultaneously mycelial and fruit body occurrences in a community of fungi inhabiting dead wood of Norway spruce. We studied mycelial occurrence by extracting DNA from wood samples followed by 454-sequencing of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions and an automated procedure for species identification. In total, we detected 198 species as mycelia and 137 species as fruit bodies. The correlation between mycelial and fruit body occurrences was high for the majority of the species, suggesting that high-throughput sequencing can successfully characterize the dominating fungal communities, despite possible biases related to sampling, PCR, sequencing and molecular identification. We used the fruit body and molecular data to test hypothesized links between life history and population dynamic parameters. We show that the species that have on average a high mycelial abundance also have a high fruiting rate and produce large fruit bodies, leading to a positive feedback loop in their population dynamics. Earlier studies have shown that species with specialized resource requirements are rarely seen fruiting, for which reason they are often classified as red-listed. We show with the help of high-throughput sequencing that some of these species are more abundant as mycelium in wood than what could be expected from their occurrence as fruit bodies.
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| 5. |
- Ovaskainen, Otso, et al.
(författare)
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Global Spore Sampling Project: A global, standardized dataset of airborne fungal DNA
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - 2052-4463. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel methods for sampling and characterizing biodiversity hold great promise for re-evaluating patterns of life across the planet. The sampling of airborne spores with a cyclone sampler, and the sequencing of their DNA, have been suggested as an efficient and well-calibrated tool for surveying fungal diversity across various environments. Here we present data originating from the Global Spore Sampling Project, comprising 2,768 samples collected during two years at 47 outdoor locations across the world. Each sample represents fungal DNA extracted from 24 m3 of air. We applied a conservative bioinformatics pipeline that filtered out sequences that did not show strong evidence of representing a fungal species. The pipeline yielded 27,954 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Each OTU is accompanied by a probabilistic taxonomic classification, validated through comparison with expert evaluations. To examine the potential of the data for ecological analyses, we partitioned the variation in species distributions into spatial and seasonal components, showing a strong effect of the annual mean temperature on community composition.
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| 6. |
- Økland, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Oak woodland restoration: testing the effects on biodiversity of mycetophilids in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biodiversity and Conservation 17. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-3115 .- 1572-9710. ; 17:11, s. 2599-2616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of harvesting biofuel and woodland restoration on biodiversity is debated. To evaluate the effects of partial cutting on more organism groups, we used pairwise experimental and undisturbed control stands in a large landscape. On average 26% of the basal area including 50-95% of the understorey was harvested at each of 15 oak-rich forest sites. Our earlier results of partial cutting suggested a positive short-term effect for vascular plants and beetles and no or minor negative effects for fungi. Here we analyse the response of mycetophilids (Diptera: Sciaroidea excl. Sciaridae), a neglected but species-rich insect group that was strongly disfavoured by clear-cutting in previous studies. Increased deadwood (slash) caused increase in the number of individuals of mycetophilids associated with wood or wood fungi. The rarefaction species numbers of mycetophilids declined after the treatment, but the absolute number of species was not affected. Our results indicate that a 25% harvest can be compatible with conservation of vascular plants, fungi, saproxylic and herbivorous beetles and mycetophilids in temperate hardwood stands of the type studied. However, more studies are needed to determine what level(s) of stand thinning can be tolerated by different taxa in landscapes with small fragmented conservation stands.
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| 7. |
- Økland, Bjørn, et al.
(författare)
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Regional diversity of mycetophilids (Diptera : Sciaroidea) in Scandinavian oak-dominated forests
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 121:1, s. 9-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mycetophilids is a species-rich insect group for which the ecological requirements in temperate forests are poorly understood. This study of mycetophilids was based on trap samples from 15 oak-dominated sites in the boreonemoral zone of southern Sweden. Species richness and composition were analysed in relation to environmental variables at a local and at larger scales (multiple regression), and compared to results from similar studies in spruce-dominated sites in the boreal zone of Norway (PCA and two-sample t tests). Regressions showing a dominance of regional factors over local in-site variables agree with species-richness models assuming that local communities most often are unsaturated. Precipitation (inter-correlated with elevation) was the strongest factor for explaining the variation in species-richness, which is consistent with previous results indicating that mycetophilids are disfavoured by drought. In addition to precipitation, the area of mixed forest with high biodiversity values (woodland key habitats and protected areas) was a positive factor for species-richness, probably because such habitats combine elements of both coniferous and deciduous forests. PCA ordination revealed a clear separation of the species composition between boreal and boreonemoral forests. Species-richness in boreal forest was significantly higher than in boreonemoral forest, indicating a preference for boreal habitats in many of the species. For mycetophilids and other drought-sensitive insects, it is suggested that (partial) cutting in some dense successional oak stands should be avoided, and that some invading spruces should be tolerated. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- A, Komonen, et al.
(författare)
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Insects associated with fruit bodies of the wood-decaying fungus Oak mazegill (Daedalea quercina) in mixed oak forests in southern Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Entomologisk Tidskrift. - 0013-886X. ; 133:4, s. 173-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polypores host species rich insect assemblages, but relatively few polypore species have been studied in detail. We investigated insect assemblages associated with the fruit bodies of Daedalea quercina, a specialist species on oak in southern Sweden. Fruit bodies (n = 228) were collected from 25 nature reserves and woodland key habitats, and were taken into the laboratory to collect emerging insects. A total of 245 insect individuals were recorded, belonging to at least 45 species. The numerically dominant fungivores were the tineid moths Montescardia tessulatella (n = 38 individuals) and Nemapogon fungivorellus (n = 10) and the coleopteran Ennearthron cornutum (Ciidae) (n = 44). Altogether 40 individuals of hymenopteran parasitoids were recorded, belonging to Braconidae (Exothecinae, Microgastrinae and Rogadinae, altogether 6 spp.), Ichneumonidae (Banchinae, Cryptinae and Orthocentrinae, altogether 4 spp.), Torymidae (1 sp.), Perilampidae (1 sp.) and Scelionidae (1 sp.). Most of the remaining insect species are not specifically associated with fruit bodies, but occupy many types of decaying material. In conclusion, D. quercina hosted a low number of insect individuals in general and only a few coleopteran species. The fungus apparently has only one specialist species, N. fungivorellus, which is a near-threatened (NT) species on the Swedish red list; the record from Norra Vi is the first from the Jönköping. The overall low number of insect individuals and the dominance of Lepidoptera among the fungivores is possibly explained by the tough fruit bodies of D. quercina, which only moths are able to utilize; fruit bodies which had already started to rot were devoid of moths.
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| 9. |
- Ahlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin Resistance, a Link between Maternal Overweight and Fetal Macrosomia in Nondiabetic Pregnancies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Hormone research in paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826. ; 74:4, s. 267-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: During the last decades the number of large for gestational age infants delivered by nondiabetic mothers has increased. Our aim was to investigate to what extent fetal growth in nondiabetic pregnant women can be explained by rates of maternal energy substrate production and resting energy expenditure. Methods: Twenty nonsmoking pregnant women without impaired glucose tolerance and with a wide range of fetal weights (0.2-2.7 SDS) were investigated at 36 weeks of gestation. Maternal lipolysis, glucose production, resting energy expenditure, body composition and insulin resistance were assessed.Results: Median (range) glucose production rate was 805 (653-1,337) mumol/min and that of glycerol, reflecting lipolysis, was 214 (110-576) mumol/min. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that maternal fat mass explained 36% of the variation in insulin resistance, accounting for 62% of the variation in glucose production. Further, glucose production explained 31% of the variation in fetal weight. Resting energy expenditure explained 51% of the variation in estimated fetal weight. Conclusion: Fetal weight is dependent on maternal glucose production, which is in turn determined by the degree of insulin resistance, induced in part by the maternal fat mass. The variation in maternal resting energy expenditure is closely related to fetal weight.
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| 10. |
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