| 1. |
- Holmquist Mengelbier, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Intratumoral genome diversity parallels progression and predicts outcome in pediatric cancer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic differences among neoplastic cells within the same tumour have been proposed to drive cancer progression and treatment failure. Whether data on intratumoral diversity can be used to predict clinical outcome remains unclear. We here address this issue by quantifying genetic intratumoral diversity in a set of chemotherapy-treated childhood tumours. By analysis of multiple tumour samples from seven patients we demonstrate intratumoral diversity in all patients analysed after chemotherapy, typically presenting as multiple clones within a single millimetre-sized tumour sample (microdiversity). We show that microdiversity often acts as the foundation for further genome evolution in metastases. In addition, we find that microdiversity predicts poor cancer-specific survival (60%; P=0.009), independent of other risk factors, in a cohort of 44 patients with chemotherapy-treated childhood kidney cancer. Survival was 100% for patients lacking microdiversity. Thus, intratumoral genetic diversity is common in childhood cancers after chemotherapy and may be an important factor behind treatment failure.
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| 2. |
- Kullenberg, Christopher, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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What are analog bulletin boards used for today? Analysing media uses, intermediality and technology affordances in Swedish bulletin board messages using a citizen science approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analog bulletin boards are omnipresent in Swedish urban areas, yet little systematic knowledge about this communication medium exists. In the shadow of the rapid emergence of digital media the analog bulletin board has received less attention than its digital successors, many of them having incorporated similar functionality with novel technical solutions. In this study we used a citizen science method to collect 1167 messages from bulletin boards around Sweden aided by school children and teachers, with the purpose of shedding new light on what is communicated on the boards, by whom, using what types of technologies and in what way the messages refer to other media. Results show that the most common messages are invitations to events, such as concerts, lectures and sports events, followed by buy-and-sell ads for goods and services. The most frequent sender is an association, for example NGOs, sports associations or religious communities. Almost half of the sampled messages were professionally printed, about forty per cent were made by home printers. Only six per cent of the messages were handwritten, almost exclusively by private persons as senders. Moreover, we show how the analog bulletin board has adapted to recent changes in media technology—a media landscape which is saturated with electronic- and mobile media. Further, the bulletin board still holds a firm place in a media ecology where local communication is in demand, and exists in parallel with electronic media. Close to forty percent of the messages contained hyperlinks to web pages and we found (and removed for anonymization purposes) more than six hundred phone numbers from the dataset.
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| 3. |
- Nord, Tomas, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Role of Policies and National Programmes on Innovations in Timber-frame Construction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Innovation in Forestry. - Wallingford, UK : CAB International. - 9781845936891 ; , s. 204-232
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The market share of timber frame construction has increased in many European countries after the revision of national building regulations, implementation of national development programs as well as marketing efforts of the forest industry. Our research within COST E51 has looked at the timber construction industry and assessed the innovation process in eight European countries,the role and position of this industry in the construction process, and the influence of policies as drivers of knowledge creation.Results indicate that innovative timber construction firms have acted on the changed regulations overcoming the lock-in effects of construction industry standards and culture and have in some countries been in the forefront to adjust the traditional construction process. These firms have in most cases come from the forest industry sector as they have had the most to gain. The innovation type and progress differ indicating that construction is a local activity influenced by national traditions,both in industry behaviour and policy aim. It is recommended that policy makers support the establishment of local and regional timber based competence centres. Also,public construction clients ought to have bigger leeway to support innovative construction products and processes, as a mean to generating new innovations, knowledge creation and transfer necessary to create a sustainable future society.
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| 4. |
- Nord, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Role of policies on innovations in timber frame construction : Cases from sub-group Timber construction vertical value chain in COST Action E51 Integrating Innovation and Development Policies for the Forest Sector
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The enlargement of EU coupled with harmonization of regulations and standards have opened new market segments and geographical areas resulting in grown market shares and innovative behaviour of timber construction firms. The role of policies aiming at increased competitiveness and innovativeness of the European forest sector through integrating innovation has been studied within a COST Action running from 2006 to 2010. COST Action E51 "Integrating Innovation and Development Policies for the Forest Sector" aimed at increasing our understanding of the role of policies and development programs to improve competitiveness and specifically innovations in the forest sector. One of the sub-groups studied the timber construction value chain and the type and diffusion of innovations. This report presents empirical data of timber construction industries from eight European countries. The data include the general construction environment and the policy superstructure of each country and one characteristic example of innovation and innovation process within the timber construction industry of each country respectively. The description of the construction industry follows the concept that construction is a complex product system (CoPS, Hobday, 1998) relating actors in an innovation system approach manner. The timber construction industry is gradually moving from supplier to system integrators thus modifying the overall system.The results indicate a large difference between studied industries in terms of type of innovation, supportive actions from society and industry organizations, and the effect of the innovation on the overall building process and infrastructure.
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| 5. |
- Perez de Sá, Valéria, et al.
(författare)
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High brain tissue oxygen tension during ventilation with 100% oxygen after fetal asphyxia in newborn sheep
- 2009
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 65:1, s. 57-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimal inhaled oxygen fraction for newborn resuscitation is still not settled. We hypothesized that short-lasting oxygen ventilation after intrauterine asphyxia would not cause arterial or cerebral hyperoxia, and therefore be innocuous. The umbilical cord of fetal sheep was clamped and 10 min later, after delivery, ventilation with air (n = 7) or with 100% oxygen for 3 (n = 6) or 30 min (n = 5), followed by air, was started. Among the 11 lambs given 100% oxygen, oxygen tension (PO2) was 10.7 (1.8-56) kPa [median (range)] in arterial samples taken after 2.5 min of ventilation. In those ventilated with 100% oxygen for 30 min, brain tissue PO2 (PbtO2) increased from less than 0.1 kPa in each lamb to individual maxima of 56 (30-61) kPa, whereas in those given oxygen for just 3 min, PbtO2 peaked at 4.2 (2.9-46) kPa. The maximal PbtO2 in air-ventilated lambs was 2.9 (0.8-5.4) kPa. Heart rate and blood pressure increased equally fast in the three groups. Thus, prolonged ventilation with 100% oxygen caused an increase in PbtO2 of a magnitude previously only reported under hyperbaric conditions. Reducing the time of 100% oxygen ventilation to 3 min did not consistently avert systemic hyperoxia.
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| 6. |
- Tykkae, Saana, et al.
(författare)
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Development of timber framed firms in the construction sector - Is EU policy one source of their innovation?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 12:3, s. 199-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To enhance competition in the construction industry, EU policies have created and harmonised functional building codes. Moreover, many actors advocate the construction industry moves towards a lean production, process-based way of working for quality and cost reasons. Here, Timber Framed Engineering approaches are considered to have a competitive and environmental advantage. There is however underlying concerns that conservatism in the construction industry, and lack of timber engineering skills, may be obstacles to change. This paper therefore assesses whether EU construction policy innovation contributed to innovation at the firm level. Timber framed innovators in six European countries were identified, and their sources of innovation assessed. The results indicate that timber framed firms have become actors in the construction industry. Firms have made product, process and organisation innovations. All case firms have similar sources for innovation. The common factor that triggers the firms to innovate is business opportunities that arise from demographic changes in the environment outside the firm, such as environmental sustainability and affordable housing for lower income groups. To address these opportunities, the case firms implicitly recognised that traditional project and site-based construction approaches are an incongruity. The firms have consequently established in-house prefabrication, including developed of lean production processes to ensure quality as well as effectiveness. The firms have all recognised that a fundamental barrier to their business was the lack of timber framed engineering competencies in their customers organisations. Accordingly, a business necessity for the case firms was developing construction design competencies. Firms benefited from governmental policy instruments that support timber framed Randamp;D and knowledge transfer. However, firms also gained new knowledge from their own experiences, which they also use in their operations. Accordingly, policy instruments are not a sole or dominant source for innovation in the case firms. Nonetheless, the change in building codes has been a pre-requisite the firms commercial developments.
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| 7. |
- Amer-Wåhlin, Isis, et al.
(författare)
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Fetal cerebral energy metabolism and electrocardiogram during experimental umbilical cord occlusion and resuscitation.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-7058 .- 1476-4954. ; 23:2, s. 158-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The purpose of this experimental study was to elucidate alterations in fetal energy metabolism in relation to ECG changes during extreme fetal asphyxia, postnatal resuscitation and the immediate post-resuscitatory phase. Study design. Five near-term fetal sheep were subjected to umbilical cord occlusion until cardiac arrest followed by delivery, resuscitation and postnatal pressure-controlled ventilation. Four sheep served as sham controls and were delivered immediately after ligation of the umbilical cord. Fetal ECG was analysed online for changes of the ST segment. Fetal metabolism was monitored by intracerebral and subcutaneous microdialysis catheters. Results. Fetal ECG reacted on cord occlusion with an increase in the T-wave height followed by changes in intracerebral levels of oxidative parameters. Cerebral lactate/pyruvate ratio and glutamate increased to median (range) of 240 (200-744) and 34.0 (22.6-60.5) mmol/l, respectively; both parameters returned to baseline after resuscitation. Cerebral glucose decreased to 0.1 (0.08-0.12) mmol/l after occlusion and increased above baseline upon resuscitation. In subcutaneous tissue as well as blood the increase in lactate occurred with a delay compared to cerebral levels. Conclusion. The fetal ECG changes related to asphyxia preceded the increase in excitotoxicity as determined by increase in cerebral glutamate during asphyxia. Cerebral lactate increase was superior to subcutaneous lactate increase.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Natalie, et al.
(författare)
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DEVOLUTION—A method for phylogenetic reconstruction of aneuploid cancers based on multiregional genotyping data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogenetic reconstruction of cancer cell populations remains challenging. There is a particular lack of tools that deconvolve clones based on copy number aberration analyses of multiple tumor biopsies separated in time and space from the same patient. This has hampered investigations of tumors rich in aneuploidy but few point mutations, as in many childhood cancers and high-risk adult cancer. Here, we present DEVOLUTION, an algorithm for subclonal deconvolution followed by phylogenetic reconstruction from bulk genotyping data. It integrates copy number and sequencing information across multiple tumor regions throughout the inference process, provided that the mutated clone fraction for each mutation is known. We validate DEVOLUTION on data from 56 pediatric tumors comprising 253 tumor biopsies and show a robust performance on simulations of bulk genotyping data. We also benchmark DEVOLUTION to similar bioinformatic tools using an external dataset. DEVOLUTION holds the potential to facilitate insights into the development, progression, and response to treatment, particularly in tumors with high burden of chromosomal copy number alterations.
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| 9. |
- Anveskog, L., et al.
(författare)
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Att välja rätt standardsystem
- 1984
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Ingår i: Data (Nordisk datanytt), nr 10, 1984, sid. 50-52.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vi står inför att välja standardsystem. Vårt mål är att standardsystemet skall ge ett effektivt bidrag till verksamheten. Syftet är också att tjäna tid och pengar jämfört med egenutveckling. Et sätt att välja är att köpa det standardsystem som vi omedelbart fastnar för. Risken är då att vi inte ser de svårigheter och nackdelar som ofta finns. Vi bländas lätt av de positiva möjligheter som erbjuds genom standardsystemet. Vi går in i valprocessen med en förutfattad mening.Ett alternativt sätt att välja är att mera noggrant jämföra tänkbara standardsystem mot den egna verksamheten. Vi behöver då ta ställning till en mångfald olika faktorer för att kunna välja "rätt" standardsystem. En systematisk metod hjälper oss att få en överblick. Vi får en säker grund att stå på för att dra riktiga slutsatser om standardsystemens möjligheter och brister
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| 10. |
- Anveskog, L., et al.
(författare)
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Development of Activities - Standard Application Packages according SIV to help you choose the right standard application package for your organization : Verksamhetsutveckling - Standardsystem enligt SIV för att du skall kunna välja rätt standardsystem för din verksamhet
- 1986
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report is published in an English and Swedish version.Rapporten finns utgiven på svenska och engelska.------------------------------------------------There is a need for a systematic way of working when planning for standard application packages in organizations. We have tried to develop a method for this field - the SIV method (Standard Application Packages in Organizations, in Swedish: Standardsystem I Verksamheter). The SIV method takes the customer's situation as a starting point - a customer view. Furthermore, occasions have been described where a dialogue between the customer and the vendor is necessary, e.g. demonstrations and negotiations. The SIV method gives a survey of the field with emphasis on adaptation of activities and standard application packages to each other and choice of standard application packages.This report is focusing on "choice" of standard application packages. A similar report has been done for "adaptation" of standard application packages.------------------------------------------------ Det finns behov av ett systematiskt arbetssätt vid planering av standardsystem för verksamheter. Vi har försökt utveckla en metodik för detta område - SIV (Standardsystem I Verksamheter). SIV-metodiken tar utgångspunkt i kundens situation - ett kundperspektiv. Vidare anges tillfällen när det behövs en dialog mellan kund och leverantör, t.ex. demonstrationer och förhandlingar. SIV-metodiken ger en översikt av området med betoning på val och anpassning av standardystem mot varandra.Denna rapport behandlar "val" av standardsystem. En liknande rapport har tagits fram för "anpassning" av standardystem.------------------------------------------------
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