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- Forsell, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Benzene Exposure and Biomarkers in Alveolar Air and Urine Among Deck Crews on Tankers Transporting Gasoline
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of work exposures and health. - : Oxford University Press. - 2398-7316 .- 2398-7308. ; 63:8, s. 890-897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Increased rates of leukaemia have been found among tanker crews. Occupational exposures to the leukomogen benzene during loading, unloading, and tank cleaning are possible causes. Studies on older types of tankers carrying gasoline with most handling being done manually have revealed important exposures to benzene. Our study explores benzene exposures on tankers with both automatic and manual systems. Correlations between benzene exposure and benzene in alveolar air (AlvBe), benzene in urine (UBe), and trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA) in urine were investigated.METHODS: Forty-three male seafarers (22 deck crewmembers and 21 not on deck) on five Swedish different product and chemical tankers transporting 95- or 98-octane gasoline were investigated between 1995 and 1998. The tankers used closed systems for the loading and unloading of gasoline but stripping and tank cleaning were done manually. Benzene in respiratory air was measured using personal passive dosimeters during a 4-h work shift. Samples for biomarker analyses were collected pre- and post-shift. Smoking did occur and crewmembers did not use any respiratory protection during work.RESULTS: The average 4-h benzene exposure level for exposed was 0.45 mg m-3 and for non-exposed 0.02 mg m-3. Benzene exposure varied with type of work (range 0.02-143 mg m-3). AlvBe, UBe, and ttMA were significantly higher in post-shift samples among exposed and correlated with exposure level (r = 0.89, 0.74, and 0.57, respectively). Smoking did not change the level of significance among exposed.DISCUSSION: Benzene in alveolar air, unmetabolized benzene, and ttMA in urine are potential biomarkers for occupational benzene exposure. Biomarkers were detectable in non-exposed, suggesting benzene exposure even for other work categories on board tankers. Work on tankers carrying gasoline with more or less closed handling of the cargo may still lead to significant benzene exposure for deck crewmembers, and even exceed the Swedish Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL; 8-h time-weighted average [TWA]) of 1.5 mg m-3.
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| 2. |
- Löfgren, Lars, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Selective assessment of C2-C6 alkenes in air by adsorption sampling and gas chromatography
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of environmental analytical chemistry. ; 45, s. 39-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A system is described for the specific determination in air of ethene, propene, the four isomeric butenes, cyclopentene and the six isomeric pentenes. The butenes, pentenes and hexenes are well separated from the commonly occurring matrix of alkanes in much higher concentrations. Field samples were taken using easily carried equipment consisting of an air pump connected to an adsorbent cartridge. An advantageous combination of triple-layer adsorbents was found to be Tenax + Carbotrap + Carbosieve S-III. In the laboratory, the hydrocarbons were thermally desorbed into a cold trap. The trap was directly linked to the aluminium oxide PLOT column which effected the alkene separations.
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| 5. |
- Nordlinder, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to benzene at different workplaces in Sweden
- 1987
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Ingår i: The Annals of Occupational Hygiene. ; 31:3, s. 345-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exposure to benzene at different work places in Sweden where petrol is produced or handled has been investigated. The high benzene content (max 5%, v/v) in Swedish petrol means that many workers are exposed to benzene vapours during their working day. The measurements showed that the exposure of most workers was below the Swedish occupational standard value (8 h TWA, 16 mg m−3). Short-time sampling showed the occurrence of exposures to concentrations above the occupational standard value for 15 min (32 mg m−3) among workers at refineries and marketing terminals. Many workers are exposed to benzene via exhaust gases. The concentrations are below the occupational standard value but much elevated compared with the background concentrations of benzene. Precautions to improve the working environment have been suggested.
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