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- Nordling Nilson, Linda, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Dose-related cognitive deficits among floor layers with previous heavy exposure to solvents.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Archives of environmental health. - 0003-9896. ; 58:4, s. 208-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors used tests of attention and memory, which are sensitive to the influence of aging, to explore possible adverse effects on cognitive functioning following past heavy exposure to solvent-based glues, with special reference to dose-effect relationships and interactions with the aging process. The study included 41 floor layers and 40 carpenters (referents) who participated in a longitudinal follow-up assessment. The authors assessed cognitive functioning with the following tests: trail-making, color words, and word recall. Higher cumulative exposure was associated with poorer test performance that was related to concept shifting, episodic memory, and speed of congruent and incongruent color naming. The magnitude of the decrements in memory tasks was equivalent to about 20 yr of age-related decline. Dose-effect relationships were seen mainly for contact adhesives, and there was partial evidence for an interaction between exposure and aging.
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- Nordling Nilson, Linda, 1947
(författare)
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Organic solvents and cognitive functioning. With special reference to interaction with aging
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the thesis was to study cognitive functioning in patients with chronic toxic encephalopathy (CTE) and in aging workers previously exposed to organic solvents. The discriminative power of a series of cognitive tests in identifying patients with CTE was examined. We also examined the influence of CTE on Trail Making Test (TMT) performance with special focus on the discrimina-tive potential of this test. Tests with high demands on perceptual speed and attention were most sensitive in distinguishing CTE patients from other patients as well as from healthy referents. Inferior TMT performance was seen in CTE patients, and increasing age had a negative effect on performance only for the CTE patients. The sensitivity of TMT alone was low, but the specificity was high. An 18-year follow-up study of floor layers, previously heavily exposed to solvent-based glues, and their controls (carpenters) examined cognitive performance in relation to baseline data. Tests of attention and memory, known to be sensitive to the influence of aging, were added to further explore the influence of past heavy exposure to organic solvents on cognitive functioning. The most exposed floor layers deteriorated significantly more over time in visual episodic memory and perceptual speed than their referents. Higher cumulative exposure was significantly associated with decrements in tests assessing visual episodic memory, perceptual speed, and visuospatial skill. The results suggest that the negative effects of exposure may interact with the normal aging process, primarily in the most heavily exposed individuals. Previous heavy exposure to solvent-based glues had a negative influence on cognitive functioning in domains known to be sensitive to the influence of aging, such as attention and episodic memory. Dose-effect relationships were seen mainly pertaining to contact adhesives. At moderate or high solvent exposure, the magnitude of the dose-related decrements, was comparable to between 10 and 25 years of aging, and was particularly pronounced in the memory tasks.
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- van Valen, E., et al.
(författare)
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Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy: European consensus of neuropsychological characteristics, assessment, and guidelines for diagnostics
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neurotoxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0161-813X. ; 33:4, s. 710-726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The presence of neuropsychological impairment is a hallmark of chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy (CSE), and using clinical neuropsychological procedures to generate a valid assessment of the condition is crucial for its diagnosis. The goals of this consensus document are to provide updated knowledge of the neuropsychological characteristics of CSE and to provide internationally acceptable guidelines for using neuropsychological assessments in the process of diagnosing patients who are suspected of having CSE. Materials and methods: A European working group that was composed of experts in the field of the clinical diagnosis of CSE met at several round-table meetings and prepared this report. The first section of the consensus paper addresses a review of the relevant literature that was published between 1985 and March 2012. The second section addresses recommendations for the clinical neuropsychological assessment of patients who are suspected of having CSE. Results: The literature review indicates that the most common neuropsychological impairments in CSE patients are within the domains of attention, particularly the speed of information processing, memory, and motor performance. It appears that the influence of CSE on memory processes mainly involves immediate recall and generally involves verbal, visual and visuospatial material. In the second section, six recommendations are presented regarding important functional domains for the neuropsychological diagnostic process of CSE that relate to the evaluation of neuropsychological impairment, the assessment and evaluation of symptoms, differential diagnostic considerations, the reliability and validity of neuropsychological test results, and the retesting of patients. Discussion and conclusions: These recommendations will contribute to the improvement of the process for accurately diagnosing CSE, better counselling for CSE patients, the comparability of epidemiological data between countries, and finally, by raising awareness, these recommendations will contribute to combating the adverse health effects of occupational exposure to solvents. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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