| 1. |
- Berginström, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Attention in Older Adults : A Normative Study of the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test for Persons Aged 70 Years
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Neuropsychologist (Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1385-4046 .- 1744-4144. ; 29:5, s. 595-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Our objective was to present normative data from 70-year-olds on the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA), a computerized measure of attention and response control. Method: 640 participants (330 men and 310 women), all aged 70years, completed the IVA, as well as the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Data were stratified by education and gender. Education differences were found in 11 of 22 IVA scales. Minor gender differences were found in six scales for the high-education group, and two scales for the low-education group. Comparisons of healthy participants and participants with stroke, myocardial infarction, or diabetes showed only minor differences. Correlations among IVA scales were strong (all r > .34, p < .001), and those with the widely used Mini-Mental State Examination were weaker (all r < .21, p < .05). Skewed distributions of normative data from primary IVA scales measuring response inhibition (Prudence) and inattention (Vigilance) represent a weakness of this test. Conclusions: This study provides IVA norms for 70-year-olds stratified by education and gender, increasing the usability of this instrument when testing persons near this age. The data presented here show some major differences from original IVA norms, and explanations for these differences are discussed. Explanations include the broad age-range used in the original IVA norms (66-99years of age) and the passage of 15years since the original norms were collected.
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| 2. |
- Bratt, Ola, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Population-based Organised Prostate Cancer Testing: Results from the First Invitation of 50-year-old Men
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Urology. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 85:3, s. 207-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The European Union recently recommended evaluation of the feasibility of organised prostate cancer screening. In Sweden, regional population-based organised prostate cancer testing (OPT) programmes were introduced in 2020. Objective: To describe initial participation rates and diagnostic outcomes. Design, setting, and participants: The three most populated Swedish regions invited all men aged 50 yr to OPT by a letter in 2020–2022. Men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥3 ng/ml were referred for prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PSA assays differed across regions. Men with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 1–3 and PSA density ≥0.15 ng/ml/cm3 or PI-RADS 4–5 were referred for a biopsy. Data were obtained from the Swedish Register for Organised Prostate Cancer Testing. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Overall and regional participation rates, PSA distributions, PI-RADS score distributions, cancer detection, and treatment were evaluated. Results and limitations: A total of 23 855 (35%) of 68 060 invited men participated; 696 (2.9%) had PSA ≥3 ng/ml, and of them, 306 (44%) had a biopsy indication and 221 (32%) had a biopsy. On biopsy, 93 (42%) had Gleason grade group ≥2 (0.39% of PSA-tested men) and 44 (20%) Gleason grade group 1 cancer. Most men with cancer had treatment with curative intent (70%) or were under active surveillance (28%). Across regions, proportions of men with PSA ≥3 ng/ml ranged from 2.3% to 4.0%, and those with PI-RADS score 4–5 ranged from 12% to 21%. A limitation is that results are applicable only to first testing of men in their early 50s. Conclusions: The OPT programmes are feasible with good compliance to the diagnostic pathway. The use of MRI and PSA density avoided a biopsy for over half of the men with PSA ≥3 ng/ml. Inter-regional differences in diagnostic outcomes show a need for standardisation of the diagnostic pathway's components. Patient summary: We report the diagnostic outcomes of inviting 68 000 50-yr-old men to organised prostate cancer testing.
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| 3. |
- Godtman, Rebecka Arnsrud, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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[Prostate cancer - diagnostics and screening]. : Prostatacancer – utredning, klinisk diagnostik och screening.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Lakartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) based screening is controversial, even though randomised trials show that screening can reduce prostate cancer mortality. The main reason is that screening leads to overdiagnosis of indolent cancers that would never have surfaced clinically in the absence of screening. Recently, several large studies have shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves prostate cancer diagnostics. With MRI, up to half of all men with elevated PSA values can be spared a biopsy. When a biopsy is needed, the needles can be directed towards the suspicious area in the prostate, which increases the detection of clinically significant tumors. In Sweden, regional programmes with organised prostate cancer testing were introduced in 2020. These programmes aim to make prostate cancer testing more standardized, efficient, and equitable. In the future, biomarkers and AI-based systems will likely be important to further improve prostate cancer diagnostics.
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| 4. |
- Hallkvist, Olle M., et al.
(författare)
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Dairy product intake and bone properties in 70-year-old men and women
- 2018
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Ingår i: Archives of Osteoporosis. - : Springer. - 1862-3514 .- 1862-3522. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SUMMARY: In the present population-based study including 70-year-old men and women, total dairy product intake was associated with a weak positive association with tibia trabecular and cortical cross-sectional areas.PURPOSE: Milk consumption has recently been suggested to increase fracture risk. Therefore, we aimed to investigate associations between dairy product consumption and peripheral bone properties. Furthermore, we explored whether consumption of milk and fermented dairy products affected bone properties differently.METHODS: The Healthy Aging Initiative is a population-based, cross-sectional study investigating the health of 70-year-old men and women. Out of the 2904 individuals who met the inclusion criteria, data on self-reported daily dairy product consumption (dl/day), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) examinations at the 4 and 66% scan sites of the tibia and radius, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were collected from 2040 participants. Associations between dairy product consumption and bone properties were examined using multiple linear regression models adjusted for sex, muscle area, meal size, dietary protein proportion, current smoking status, and objectively measured physical activity.RESULTS: Total dairy product intake was associated with larger trabecular (2.296 (95% CI, 0.552-4.039) mm2, per dl/day increase, p = 0.01) and cortical cross-sectional areas (CSAs) in the tibia (1.757 (95% CI, 0.683-2.830 mm2, p = 0.001) as measured by pQCT and higher areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of the radius (3.231 (95% CI, 0.764-5.698) mg/cm2, p = 0.01) as measured by DXA. No other measurement in the tibia, radius, femoral neck, or lower spine was associated significantly with dairy product intake. Bone properties did not differ according to the type of dairy product consumed.CONCLUSION: No evidence of a negative association between dairy product consumption and bone health was found. Furthermore, total dairy product consumption was associated with increased CSAs in the tibia, regardless of dairy product type. Collectively, our findings indicate the existence of a weak but significant positive association between dairy product consumption bone properties in older adults.
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| 5. |
- Hult, Andreas, Med Dr, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Older Adults With and Without Diabetes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0891-8929 .- 1945-4953. ; 37:2, s. 142-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increased physical activity (PA) is ordinated to increase glycemic control in subjects with diabetes. We evaluated objectively measured as well as self-reported PA in elderly individuals with and without diabetes.Method: The study included 1872 community-dwelling individuals (49% women), all aged 70 years. Objective PA was measured by accelerometers worn for 1 week. Physical activity patterns in subjects with and without diabetes were evaluated using multivariable adjustable regression models.Results: In the cohort 210 subjects (138 men and 72 women) were found to have diabetes. Self-reported PA showed a weak association with objective PA (r = 0.06, p = 0.01). Individuals with known diabetes had fewer steps per day (mean 5,754) than those with detected diabetes at baseline (mean 6,359) or no diabetes (mean 7,375, all p < 0.05). A cut-off value of at least 6,000 steps per day discriminated best between individuals with and without diabetes (multi-adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.50, 95% CI, 0.36–0.69), and overall step-count also showed the strongest correlation with objective visceral adipose tissue (VAT, β = 0.29, p < 0.001). In contrast, objectively measured PA in at least 10-minute bouts, as recommended by WHO, did not discriminate between individuals with a without diabetes (OR, 0.92, 95% CI, 0.66–1.28).Conclusion: Despite recommendations given to subjects with diabetes, objectively measured PA was more than 20% lower in elderly individuals with diabetes. Daily step-counts was also associated with VAT, a potential mediator of the effects of PA.
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| 6. |
- Hult, Andreas, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of bouts of physical activity for type 2 diabetes prevalence
- 2016
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Ingår i: Active People, Active Places, Active Policy.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: The World Health Organization (WHO) suggest that people at least 65 year old should perform 150 min physical activity (PA) per week in bouts of at least 10 minutes. The guidelines are based on predominantly studies with self-reported PA. We evaluated objective measures of PA on T2D prevalence and the WHO guidelines.Methods: During 2012-2015, a total of 1939 (49% women) individuals, all 70 year old were included in a cross sectional study investigating risk factors for non-communicable diseases; the Healthy Ageing Initiative. Objective measures of PA was attained from accelerometers, worn for one week. T2D was defined by a fasting glucose of ≥7.0 mmol/L or a prior T2D diagnosis.Results: Based on objectively measured PA, 39% of the studied population reached the minimum requirements for PA as stated by the WHO. Using logistic regression, the odds ratio (OR) for T2D when achieving the WHO recommendations was 0.94 (CI 0.68-1.30). By removing the 10 minute bout prerequisite, the OR decreased to 0.61 (CI 0.45-0.84). Using a cutoff value of 6 000 steps a day further lowered the OR to 0.51 (CI 0.37-0.70), for T2D after adjusting for sex, smoking and amount of visceral fat. Additionally, individuals with no T2D had significantly higher step count as compared with diabetics diagnosed in the study (p<0.05) and prior known T2D diagnosis (p<0.001).Conclusions: In our investigated cohort, adhering to the WHO guidelines of PA did not reduce the risk for T2D. By discarding the requirement of at least 10 min of consecutive PA, the relative risk was significantly lowered, while the cutoff level of 6 000 steps a day presented the highest risk reduction, demonstrating that every step counts. Notably, individuals with known diabetes had the lowest PA.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Greater Fall Risk in Elderly Women Than in Men Is Associated With Increased Gait Variability During Multitasking
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - : Elsevier. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 17:6, s. 535-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: As 90% of fractures are caused by falls, and as fractures are more common in elderly women than in elderly men, a better understanding of potential sex differences in fall rates and underlying mechanisms is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether women are more prone than men to falling, and to evaluate whether the risk of falling is associated with variations in gait patterns.Design, setting, and participants: The cohort for this prospective observational study consisted of 1390 community-dwelling men and women aged 70 years, examined in a health survey between July 2012 and November 2014.Measurements: Gait patterns were measured using a computerized walkway system during normal-speed, fast-speed, and dual-task trials. Triaxial accelerometers were used to collect objective data on physical activity, and self-reported fall data were collected by telephone 6 and 12 months after examination. Incident low-energy falls were defined as unexpected events in which participants came to rest on the ground.Results: During the follow-up period, 148 study participants (88 women, 60 men; P = .01) reported falls. After adjusting for multiple confounders, including objective measures of physical activity, socioeconomic factors, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive function, the odds ratio for falling in women was 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–2.19). Variations in gait pattern were significantly (20%–40%) increased in fallers compared with nonfallers during the dual-task trial for step width, step length, stride length, step time, stance time, stride velocity, and single support time (all P < .05). Furthermore, women showed 15% to 35% increased variability in all of these gait parameters during the dual-task trial compared with men (all P < .01).Conclusion: In the present cohort, 70-year-old women were at greater risk of falls compared with their male counterparts. This increased risk was associated with increased variation in gait pattern during dual-task activities, and may contribute to women's greater fracture risk compared with men.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Increased postural sway during quiet stance as a risk factor for prospective falls in community-dwelling elderly individuals
- 2017
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 46:6, s. 964-970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: fall-related injuries constitute major health risks in older individuals, and these risks are projected to increase in parallel with increasing human longevity. Impaired postural stability is a potential risk factor related to falls, although the evidence is inconclusive, partly due to the lack of prospective studies. This study aimed to investigate how objective measures of postural sway predict incident falls.Design, setting and participants: this prospectively observational study included 1,877 community-dwelling individuals aged 70 years who participated in the Healthy Ageing Initiative between June 2012 and December 2015.Measurements: postural sway was measured during eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) trials using the Wii Balance Board. Functional mobility, muscle strength, objective physical activity and cognitive performance were also measured. Participants reported incident falls 6 and 12 months after the examination.Results: during follow-up, 255 (14%) prospective fallers were identified. Division of centre of pressure (COP) sway lengths into quintiles revealed a nonlinear distribution of falls for EO trial data, but not EC trial data. After adjustment for multiple confounders, fall risk was increased by 75% for participants with COP sway lengths ≥400 mm during the EO trial (odds ratio [OR] 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-2.79), and approximately doubled for sway lengths ≥920 mm during the EC trial (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.12-3.22).Conclusion: objective measures of postural sway independently predict incident falls in older community-dwelling men and women. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether postural sway length is of interest for the prediction of incident falls in clinical settings.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Jonas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Objectively measured physical activity is associated with parameters of bone in 70-year-old men and women
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bone. - : Elsevier. - 8756-3282 .- 1873-2763. ; 81, s. 72-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the world's population ages, the occurrence of osteoporosis-related fractures is projected to increase. Low areal bone mineral density (aBMD), a well-known risk factor for fractures, may be influenced by physical activity (PA). In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate potential associations between objective measures of PA and bone properties, in a population-based cohort of 1228 70-year-old men and women. We measured volumetric BMD (vBMD, mg/cm3) together with cross-sectional area (CSA, mm2) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography at sites located 4% and 66% in the distal–proximal trajectory at the tibia and radius. We also measured aBMD (g/cm2) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the femoral neck, lumbar spine (L1–L4) and radius. Participants wore triaxial accelerometers for 7 consecutive days to obtain objective estimates of PA. The intensity of the objective PA was divided into light (100–1951 counts/min [CPM]), moderate (1952– 5724 cpm) and vigorous (≥5725 cpm). Maximal accelerations for the anterior–posterior (z), medio-lateral (x), and vertical (y) axes were also separately assessed. Associations were investigated using bivariate correlations and multiple linear regression, adjusted for height, weight and sex. Vigorous PA showed the strongest association with femoral neck aBMD (β = 0.09, p b 0.001), while both moderate and vigorous PAs were associated with cor- tical area and trabecular vBMD in the weight-bearing tibia (all p b 0.05). Peak vertical accelerations were associated significantly with cortical area (β = 0.09, p b 0.001) and trabecular vBMD (β = 0.09, p = 0.001) of the tibia, whereas peak anterior–posterior accelerations showed no correlation with these properties. No positive association was found between objectively measured PA and bone parameters of the radius. In conclusion, vertical accelerations and moderate to vigorous PA independently predict bone properties, especially in the weight-bearing tibia, in 70-year-old men and women.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Jonas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting incident falls : Relationship between postural sway and limits of stability in older adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human Movement Science. - : Elsevier. - 0167-9457 .- 1872-7646. ; 66, s. 117-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We have previously shown that objective measurements of postural sway predicts fall risk, although it is currently unknown how limits of stability (LOS) might influence these results.Research question: How integrated postural sway and LOS measurements predict the risk of incident falls in a population-based sample of older adults.Methods: The sample for this prospective observational study was drawn from the Healthy Ageing Initiative cohort and included data collected between June 2012 and December 2016 for 2396 men and women, all 70 years of age. LOS was compared to postural sway with measurements during eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) trials, using the previously validated Wii Force Plate. Fall history was assessed during baseline examination and incident falls were collected during follow-up at 6 and 12 months. Independent predictors of incident falls and additional covariates were investigated using multiple logistic regression models.Results: During follow-up, 337 out of 2396 participants (14%) had experienced a fall. Unadjusted regression models from the EO trial revealed increased fall risk by 6% (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.11) per each centimeter squared increase in sway area and by 16% (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.25) per 1-unit increase in Sway-Area-to-LOS ratio. Odds ratios were generally lower when analyzing EC trials and only slightly attenuated in fully adjusted models.Significance: Integrating postural sway and LOS parameters provides valid fall risk prediction and a holistic analysis of postural stability. Future work should establish normative values and evaluate clinical utility of these measures.
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