| 1. |
- Svensson, Bertil, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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A running leap for embedded signal processing to future parallel platforms
- 2014
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Ingår i: WISE 2014 - Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Workshop on Long-Term Industrial Collaboration on Software Engineering, Co-located with ASE 2014. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. - 9781450330459 ; , s. 35-42
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper highlights the collaboration between industry and academia in research. It describes more than two decades of intensive development and research of new hardware and software platforms to support innovative, high-performance sensor systems with extremely high demands on embedded signal processing capability. The joint research can be seen as the run before a necessary jump to a new kind of computational platform based on parallelism. The collaboration has had several phases, starting with a focus on hardware, then on efficiency, later on software development, and finally on taking the jump and understanding the expected future. In the first part of the paper, these phases and their respective challenges and results are described. Then, in the second part, we reflect upon the motivation for collaboration between company and university, the roles of the partners, the experiences gained and the long-term effects on both sides.
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| 2. |
- Kunert, Kristina, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Providing Efficient Support for Real-Time Guarantees in a Fibre-Optic AWG-Based Network for Embedded Systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Optical Switching and Networkning Journal. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1573-4277 .- 1872-9770. ; 24, s. 47-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-performance embedded systems running real-time applications demand communication solutions providing high data rates and low error probabilities, properties inherent to optical solutions. However, providing timing guarantees for deadline bound applications in this context is far from basic due to the parallelism inherent in multiwavelength networks and often bound to include a large amount of pessimism. Assuming deterministic medium access, an admission control algorithm using a schedulability analysis can ensure deadline guarantees for real-time communication. The traffic dependency analysis presented in this paper is specifically targeting a multichannel context, taking into consideration the possibility of concurrent transmissions in these types of networks. Combining our analysis with a feasibility analysis in admission control, the amount of guaranteed hard real-time traffic could be shown to increase by a factor 7 in a network designed for a radar signal processing case. Using this combination of analysis methods will render possible an increased amount of hard real-time traffic over a given multichannel network, leading to a more efficient bandwidth utilization by deadline dependent applications without having to redesign the network or the medium access method.
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| 3. |
- Magesacher, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Performance analysis of vectored wireline systems embracing channel uncertainty
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. - 9781467331227 ; , s. 3986-3990
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future wireline communication systems aspire to boost the throughput in two ways: First, they exploit higher frequencies to gain more bandwidth on shorter lines in combination with vectoring. Second, they use non-differential transmission modes (such as phantom modes, common modes, split-pair modes) to exploit more dimensions. Performance predictions for systems exploiting these techniques are of great importance for upgrading copper networks to provide Internet access or deploying copper-based backhaul systems to connect mobile base-stations. Good predictions require accurate channel models. However, channel modeling for higher frequencies and nondifferential modes is still in its infancy. A mixed deterministic/stochastic channel model is proposed to remedy this problem. The outage rate is derived based on an asymptotic (in the number of participating transceivers) analysis. As application examples, performance predictions in access networks using phantom modes and frequencies up to 200 MHz are presented.
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| 4. |
- Nordström, Tomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring different actor roles in orchestrations of system of systems
- 2024
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Ingår i: 2024 19th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSE 2024. - : IEEE. - 9798350365917 ; , s. 190-196
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rising complexity and interconnectedness of contemporary systems engineering solutions have spurred the development of Systems-of-Systems (SoS). Within a SoS, we find interconnected constituent systems (CSs), each possessing individual capabilities and managerial autonomy. For effective management of a SoS, a dedicated orchestration mechanism is crucial. However, currently, there is a lack of a well-defined internal structure or an understanding of roles and interactions between sub-parts of the Orchestrator. This paper proposes a framework for SoS orchestration, identifying distinct actors and their functional roles for an effective SoS operation. Our framework consists of two main groups: SoS Governors (handling legal and financial aspects) and the Orchestrator (responsible for the overall SoS operation). Key actors within the Orchestrator are identified and described, including the Goal Transformer, Registrar, Composer, Executor, Cartographer, Data Curator, and Translator. The paper concludes by discussing the dynamic collaboration between orchestration actors and the significance of clearly defining these roles for complex SoS management. This study offers a foundation for future research and practice in SoS orchestration, potentially enhancing these complex systems' resilience, effectiveness, and overall management.
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| 5. |
- Nordström, Tomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Using and designing massively parallel computers for artificial neural networks
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing. - Orlando : Academic Press. - 0743-7315 .- 1096-0848. ; 14:3, s. 260-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past 10 years the fields of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and massively parallel computing have been evolving rapidly. The authors study the attempts to make ANN algorithms run on massively parallel computers as well as designs of new parallel systems tuned for ANN computing. Following a brief survey of the most commonly used models, the different dimensions of parallelism in ANN computing are identified, and the possibilities for mapping onto the structures of different parallel architectures are analyzed. Different classes of parallel architectures used or designed for ANN are identified. Reported implementations are reviewed and discussed. It is concluded that the regularity of ANN computations suits SIMD architectures perfectly and that broadcast or ring communication can be very efficiently utilized. Bit-serial processing is very interesting for ANN, but hardware support for multiplication should be included. Future artificial neural systems for real-time applications will require flexible processing modules that can be put together to form MIMSIMD systems
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| 6. |
- Olofsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Kickstarting High-performance Energy-efficient Manycore Architectures with Epiphany
- 2014
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Ingår i: Conference record. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Press. - 9781479982950 - 9781479982974 ; , s. 1719-1726
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we introduce Epiphany as a high-performance energy-efficient manycore architecture suitable for real-time embedded systems. This scalable architecture supports floating point operations in hardware and achieves 50 GFLOPS/W in 28 nm technology, making it suitable for high performance streaming applications like radio base stations and radar signal processing. Through an efficient 2D mesh Network-on-Chip and a distributed shared memory model, the architecture is scalable to thousands of cores on a single chip. An Epiphany-based open source computer named Parallella was launched in 2012 through Kickstarter crowd funding and has now shipped to thousands of customers around the world. ©2014 IEEE.
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| 7. |
- Raase, Sebastian, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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On the Use of a Many-core Processor for Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1877-0509. ; 51, s. 1403-1412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased availability of modern embedded many-core architectures supporting floating-point operations in hardware makes them interesting targets in traditional high performance computing areas as well. In this paper, the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) from the domain of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is evaluated on Adapteva’s Epiphany many-core architecture. Although the LBM implementation shows very good scalability and high floating-point efficiency in the lattice computations, current Epiphany hardware does not provide adequate amounts of either local memory or external memory bandwidth to provide a good foundation for simulation of the large problems commonly encountered in real CFD applications.
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| 8. |
- Rezk, Nesma M., 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Shrink and Eliminate : A Study of Post-Training Quantization and Repeated Operations Elimination in RNN Models
- 2022
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Ingår i: Information. - Basel : MDPI. - 2078-2489. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are neural networks (NN) designed for time-series applications. There is a growing interest in running RNNs to support these applications on edge devices. However, RNNs have large memory and computational demands that make them challenging to implement on edge devices. Quantization is used to shrink the size and the computational needs of such models by decreasing weights and activation precision. Further, the delta networks method increases the sparsity in activation vectors by relying on the temporal relationship between successive input sequences to eliminate repeated computations and memory accesses. In this paper, we study the effect of quantization on LSTM-, GRU-, LiGRU-, and SRU-based RNN models for speech recognition on the TIMIT dataset. We show how to apply post-training quantization on these models with a minimal increase in the error by skipping quantization of selected paths. In addition, we show that the quantization of activation vectors in RNNs to integer precision leads to considerable sparsity if the delta networks method is applied. Then, we propose a method for increasing the sparsity in the activation vectors while minimizing the error and maximizing the percentage of eliminated computations. The proposed quantization method managed to com-press the four models more than 85%, with an error increase of 0.6, 0, 2.1, and 0.2 percentage points, respectively. By applying the delta networks method to the quantized models, more than 50% of the operations can be eliminated, in most cases with only a minor increase in the error. Comparing the four models to each other under the quantization and delta networks method, we found that compressed LSTM-based models are the most-optimum solutions at low-error-rates constraints. The compressed SRU-based models are the smallest in size, suitable when higher error rates are acceptable, and the compressed LiGRU-based models have the highest number of eliminated operations.
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| 9. |
- Rezk, Nesma, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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MOHAQ : Multi-Objective Hardware-Aware Quantization of recurrent neural networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of systems architecture. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 1383-7621 .- 1873-6165. ; 133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The compression of deep learning models is of fundamental importance in deploying such models to edge devices. The selection of compression parameters can be automated to meet changes in the hardware platform and application. This article introduces a Multi-Objective Hardware-Aware Quantization (MOHAQ) method, which considers hardware performance and inference error as objectives for mixed-precision quantization. The proposed method feasibly evaluates candidate solutions in a large search space by relying on two steps. First, post-training quantization is applied for fast solution evaluation (inference-only search). Second, we propose the "beacon-based search" to retrain selected solutions only and use them as beacons to estimate the effect of retraining on other solutions. We use speech recognition models on TIMIT dataset. Experimental evaluations show that Simple Recurrent Unit (SRU)-based models can be compressed up to 8x by post-training quantization without any significant error increase. On SiLago, we found solutions that achieve 97% and 86% of the maximum possible speedup and energy saving, with a minor increase in error on an SRU-based model. On Bitfusion, the beacon-based search reduced the error gain of the inference-only search on SRU-based models and Light Gated Recurrent Unit (LiGRU)-based model by up to 4.9 and 3.9 percentage points, respectively.
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| 10. |
- Sámano-Robles, Ramiro, et al.
(författare)
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The DEWI High-Level Architecture : Guidelines for Structuring Wireless Sensor Networks in Industrial Applications
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 Eleventh International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM). - New York : IEEE. - 9781509026418 - 9781509026425 ; , s. 274-280
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the high-level architecture (HLA) of the research project DEWI (dependable embedded wireless infrastructure). The objective of this HLA is to serve as a reference for the development of industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) based on the concept of the DEWI Bubble. The DEWI Bubble is defined here as a high-level abstraction of an industrial WSAN with enhanced interoperability (via standardized interfaces), technology reusability, and cross-domain development. This paper details the design criteria used to define the HLA and the organization of the infrastructure internal and external to the DEWI Bubble. The description includes the different perspectives, models or views of the architecture: the entity model, the layered model, and the functional view model (including an overview of interfaces). The HLA constitutes an extension of the ISO/IEC SNRA (sensor network reference architecture) towards the support of industrial applications. To improve interoperability with existing approaches the DEWI HLA also reuses some features from other standardized technologies and architectures. The HLA will allow networks with different industrial sensor technologies to exchange information between them or with external clients via standard interfaces, thus providing a consolidated access to sensor information of different domains. This is an important aspect for smart city applications, Big Data and internet-of-things (IoT). © Copyright 2016 IEEE
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