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- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 2012
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 366:5, s. 433-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that alum-formulated GAD65 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.METHODS: We studied 334 patients, 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum GAD65 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a mixed-meal tolerance test) between the baseline visit and the 15-month visit. Secondary outcomes included the glycated hemoglobin level, mean daily insulin dose, rate of hypoglycemia, and fasting and maximum stimulated C-peptide levels.RESULTS: The stimulated C-peptide level declined to a similar degree in all study groups, and the primary outcome at 15 months did not differ significantly between the combined active-drug groups and the placebo group (P=0.10). The use of GAD-alum as compared with placebo did not affect the insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin level, or hypoglycemia rate. Adverse events were infrequent and mild in the three groups, with no significant differences.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with GAD-alum did not significantly reduce the loss of stimulated C peptide or improve clinical outcomes over a 15-month period.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Blanka, et al.
(författare)
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A novel mycobacterial growth inhibition assay employing live-cell imaging of virulent M. tuberculosis and monitoring of host cell viability
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tuberculosis. - : CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE. - 1472-9792 .- 1873-281X. ; 124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to develop a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth inhibition assay (MGIA) as a summary estimate of host immune control of virulent Mtb. Mycobacterial growth inhibition (MGI) using previously frozen human PBMCs infected with H37Rv was assessed by live-cell imaging (Incucyte (c)) complemented by imaging flow cytometry analysis of phagocytosis. MGI measured as relative fluorescence units (RFU) was calibrated to time to positive culture (TTP) in BACTEC 960 MGIT. At a MOI (multiplicity of infection) of 5, there was a wide range of MGI of blood donors (1.1*10(6)-2.7*10(6) RFU, n = 14). Intra- and inter-assay variability were at most 17.5 and 20.7 CV%. Cell viability at day 5 was 57 and 62% monitored by the LDH and Draq7 assays respectively. There was a strong correlation between a readout for Mtb growth using CFU counts or TTP compared to RFU (r2 >= 0.96). Our MGIA enabling live-cell imaging and monitoring of cell viability was able to detect a wide range of Mtb growth inhibition by PBMCs and was calibrated to several readout options for bacterial growth. This MGIA may be valuable as a surrogate marker of host immunity in a personalized medicine approach.
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| 4. |
- Arriaza Hult, Maria, 1990-
(författare)
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Party Education as Mobilisation : Framing education in Swedish and Spanish political parties of the left
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation aims to contribute knowledge of how five movement-related left parties in Sweden and Spain formulate education for their members. By analysing (i) the Swedish Social Democratic Workers’ Party, (ii) the Swedish Left Party, (iii) the Spanish Social Democratic Workers’ Party, (iv) the Spanish United Left and (v) the Spanish Podemos, the study interprets how organised educational activities are formulated and motivated with the aim to instigate member engagement. The analysis builds on interviews with leading party representatives and study leaders, study and course materials, and other official documents, which steer how the parties organise their education. With a framing perspective as a theoretical itinerary, the study emphasises parties' education as a setting where meaning is formulated to initiate collective action. The four included papers stress and discuss how educational material is formulated and how the parties perceive and motivate organised party education. Papers 1 and 2 analyse text materials and shows how educational materials establish narratives that invites the members to become active in the parties. Even though the educational narrative is welcoming, the study materials also reinforce frames of how to be schooled into becoming an ideal party member. Papers 3 and 4 study interview materials and suggest that member education is interpreted as something that strengthens parties’ movement relations, provides useful training, opens up a space for political reflection, and constructs a feeling of community within the parties. The dissertation emphasises that these five movement-related left parties perceive their educational activities as settings that create relations between the party and its members. Applying the framing perspective to the understudied educational practices that transpire in parties contributes to deepening the theoretical understanding of how education can be formulated in relation to its bearing on creating collective identities.
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| 5. |
- Bladh, Daniel, 1980-
(författare)
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Didaktiska val i partidemokratin : Om partiskolning och lärande i politiken
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka de överväganden och skäl som ligger bakom didaktiska val som fattas när utbildning organiseras för partipolitiskt aktiva personer. De anordnare som främst står i fokus för avhandlingen är de nationella partiorganisationerna medan den kommunala förvaltningen fungerar som en kon-trastpunkt. Avhandlingens teoretiska perspektiv utgörs av vuxendidaktik samt av ett analytiskt schema där politiska partier förstås som strategiska aktörer. Det didaktiska kunskapsintresset riktar sig främst mot det politiska systemet, partierna som aktörer samt de egna partimedlemmarna. Det är kvalitativ forskning som ligger till grund för de specifika studier som avhandlingen omfattar. Det empiriska materialet har genererats genom kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer, insamling av olika typer av dokument samt omfattande kartläggning.Avhandlingen utgör en sammanläggningsavhandling som omfattar fyra artiklar. Artikel I analyserar organisering av partiskolning som verktyg för nationella partiorganisationer. Artikel II lyfter fram fostransprocesser som de nationella partiorganisationerna söker främja genom organisering av partiskolning riktat till partimedlemmar och lokalföreningar. Artikel III lyfter blicken gentemot det politiska systemet och visar hur partiskolning både kan påverka och påverkas av hur olika partifunktioner utövas. Artikel IV tar sikte på den utbildningsverksamhet som genomförs i svenska kommuner och lyfter fram tre tankelinjer som uttryck för hur de kommunala anordnarna resonerar kring och motiverar den utbildning som de erbjuder till lokala folkvalda. Sammantaget bidrar avhandlingen med kunskap om vad som sker i mötet mellan utbildning och partidemokratin. Påverkan och fostran lyfts fram som två centrala skäl bakom de didaktiska val som fattas av de nationella partiorganisationerna vid organisering av partiskolning. Hur de nationella partiorganisationerna motiverar och resonerar kring den utbildningsverksamhet som de organiserar diskuteras i samband med samlingsbegreppen personer, process och platsen. Avhandlingen visar också hur partiskolning innehar en strategisk potential för partierna. Organisering av utbildningsverksamhet i politiska partier och kommuner kan även påverka konstruktionen av deltagarnas demokratiska kompetens, vilket kan spela roll för hur partimedlemmarnas aktiva medborgarskap kommer till uttryck.
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| 8. |
- Hedlund, Therese, 1978-
(författare)
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Tourists' vacation choice structure : Influence of values and implications for green tourism
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the vacation choice structure, denoting how vacation choices such as choice of destination, travel mode, and accommodation, are related and prioritized by tourists, every choice plays an important and unique role. Although it has been recognized that vacation choices inter-relate in several different aspects, previous research has primarily studied the primacy aspect. It can however be argued that to only study the primacy of vacation choices is too limited and that it is necessary to also include other aspects, especially how important a certain vacation choice is to the tourist. This knowledge is important in order to get a more holistic picture of the vacation choice structure, but also for understanding the demand for green tourism. It can be argued that the vacation choice structure has an influence on tourists’ possibility to make green choices. This thesis extends present knowledge by analyzing the inter-relation between vacation choices and providing a framework for how the vacation choice structure is related to tourists’ green choices. The influence of personal factors such as values and green attitudes on the vacation choice structure and tourists’ green choices are also examined. Four studies with quantitative data are included in the present thesis.The findings of the first study show that the vacation choice structure varies with regard to primacy, importance, inflexibility, and impact on other choices, which further explains the inter-relation between vacation choices. The findings also show that familiarity with a destination has an effect on how important and inflexible the destination choice is experienced. The second study shows how value orientation mediates the relationships between socio-demographic factors and tourists’ green attitude. The findings suggest that the relationships vary depending on what vacation choice that is in focus, indicating that it is not possible to talk about a general green attitude in tourism. The study thus contributes to the knowledge about how values and green attitudes in tourism are related.In the third study, the findings from the second study are advanced by showing a positive relationship between the value type universalism, green attitudes, and tourists’ green buying intentions. This further enhances the knowledge about determinants for tourists’ green buying intentions. In the final study, the inter-relation between vacation choices are examined by studying the trade-off tourists make between and within various choices in a vacation package. If and when green alternatives are included in the different choices are also studied, as well as the influence of value orientation of tourists’ green choices. The study advances the knowledge about the vacation choice structure and its relation to green tourism. The results also suggest that value orientation does not directly affect the vacation choice structure.To conclude, the findings of the present thesis show that it is not possible to define a universal vacation choice structure. It is suggested that the motive of the vacation and the choice situation play important roles here. Further, it can be concluded values do influence green buying intentions through green attitudes, but that it is not likely that this intention results in an actual green behavior if the behavior does not give any individual benefits to the tourist. Finally, the findings demonstrate that the vacation choice structure can influence tourists’ possibility to make green choices as the most important vacation choice governs to what extent other less important choice alternatives are possible to consider. Taken together, the findings develop theory about the vacation choice structure and its relation to values and green tourism as well as it provides practitioners with important knowledge and suggestions on how to make their work more efficient.
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| 9. |
- Hedlund, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Tourists’ vacation choice structure : Exploring the relationship between values, vacation choices, and green tourism
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order for charter tourists to be able to go on vacation, they have to make several different sub-choices, for example regarding what type of destination to visit and what travel mode and accommodation to choose. These sub-choices can be seen as part of an individual’s vacation choice structure. The outcome of one sub-choice can have an impact on other choices in this structure and also be more or less harmful to the environment. The present study used conjoint analysis to explore the trade-off between and within vacation choices as well as to see if and when green aspects are included in the choice of vacation packages. It also explored how value orientation influences tourists’ green vacation choices. The results indicated that charter tourists clearly make a distinction between vacation choices with regard to their importance in a trade-off situation and that travel mode is the most important choice. The findings also showed that green preferences only could be found in choice of accommodation and that individuals’ value orientation does not affect vacation choices to a large extent. Implications of the findings and recommendations for further research are also provided.
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| 10. |
- Hedlund, Therese, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Tourists’ vacation choice structure : Exploring the relationship between values, vacation choices, and green tourism
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order for charter tourists to be able to go on vacation, they have to make several different sub-choices, for example regarding what type of destination to visit and what travel mode and accommodation to choose. These sub-choices can be seen as part of an individual’s vacation choice structure. The outcome of one sub-choice can have an impact on other choices in this structure and also be more or less harmful to the environment. The present study used conjoint analysis to explore the trade-off between and within vacation choices as well as to see if and when green aspects are included in the choice of vacation packages. It also explored how value orientation influences tourists’ green vacation choices. The results indicated that charter tourists clearly make a distinction between vacation choices with regard to their importance in a trade-off situation and that travel mode is the most important choice. The findings also showed that green preferences only could be found in choice of accommodation and that individuals’ value orientation does not affect vacation choices to a large extent. Implications of the findings and recommendations for further research are also provided.
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