| 1. |
- Ek, Kristine, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-criteria decision analysis methods to support sustainable infrastructure construction
- 2019
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Ingår i: IABSE Symposium, Guimaraes 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management - Report. ; , s. 1084-1091
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The construction of infrastructure projects represents a large sustainability impact, both positive and negative. Increased positive and reduced negative impacts can be achieved through better design and planning of the construction. To make more sustainable choices, well‐defined predictive sustainability assessment methods are required. Multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a well-suited method for predictive sustainability assessment. This paper evaluates two MCDA methods for sustainability assessment of infrastructure construction and exemplifies their application with two case studies. The aim of this paper is to discuss if the methods are suitable for identifying the most sustainable alternative during the procurement process of an infrastructure project. It is recommended that MCDA methods are further developed to comply with the recently published EN standard on sustainability assessment of civil engineering works.
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| 2. |
- Brinkhoff, Petra, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Economic Project Risk Assessment in Remediation Projects Prior to Construction: Methodology Development and Case Study Application
- 2015
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Ingår i: Remediation. - : Wiley. - 1051-5658 .- 1520-6831. ; 25:2, s. 117-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Probabilistic economic analysis, including uncertainty of probabilities and consequences of project risks, is not widely used in remediation projects. This article presents a project risk assessment (PRA) method to identify, quantify, and analyze risks in remediation projects. The suggested method is probabilistic and includes uncertainty analysis of input variables based on expert judgment. It was originally developed as a part of a sustainability assessment tool, but is viable as a stand-alone tool for remediation projects. The method is applied to a case study: a former paint factory that is being redeveloped into a residential area. The PRA method is used for analyzing and comparing the project risks associated with four remediation options, all including excavation but with different degrees of onsite treatment. The result of the case study application shows which alternative has the lowest mean risk cost, the highest probability to have the lowest risk cost, and how the risk costs are distributed, but also, importantly, helps the user to prioritize between risk-reduction measures.
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| 3. |
- Ek, Kristine, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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A harmonized method for automatable life cycle sustainability performance assessment and comparison of civil engineering works design concepts
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The life cycle sustainability performance of civil engineering works is increasingly important. The possibility to influence the sustainability of a project design is larger in the conceptual stage than in later stages. Better-informed decisions regarding design choices’ impact on sustainability can be made by comparing conceptual project designs based on an assessment of their life cycle sustainability performance. It is essential that concepts are assessed in a harmonized way and compared impartially. Current standards provide the general framework for the assessment of sustainability performance, but do not give detailed guidance on calculation of sustainability indicators and their aggregation. Since design in automated systems is becoming increasingly common, there is a growing need for machine-readable data and automatable assessment methods. Assessment methods which can be applied using open-access data is important to achieve fair competition. This paper aims to provide a method for life cycle sustainability performance assessment and comparison of civil engineering works design concepts, possible to apply using open-access Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) and life cycle assessment (LCA) data. The purpose is to enable fair and automatable sustainability assessments of design concepts, to facilitate impartial comparisons of such assessments as a basis for choosing sustainable designs. A literature review of relevant standards and scientific papers on sustainability assessment of construction and civil engineering works was performed. A harmonized, fair and automatable method for life cycle sustainability assessment and comparison of civil engineering works design concepts, well-suited for optimization purposes, is presented. However, the aim currently limits categories and indicators possible to include. The proposed method includes guidance on the calculation of environmental, social and economic indicators, based on LCA, life cycle costing (LCC) and external costs, and aggregation using normalisation and weighting factors of the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF). The proposed method allows for an impartial comparison of the sustainability of design concepts, resulting in better-informed decisions.
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| 4. |
- Ek, Kristine, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Life Cycle Sustainability Performance Assessment Method for Comparison of Civil Engineering Works Design Concepts: Case Study of a Bridge
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:21, s. 1-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Standardized and transparent life cycle sustainability performance assessment methods are essential for improving the sustainability of civil engineering works. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of using a life cycle sustainability assessment method in a road bridge case study. The method is in line with requirements of relevant standards, uses life cycle assessment, life cycle costs and incomes, and environmental externalities, and applies normalization and weighting of indicators. The case study involves a short-span bridge in a design-build infrastructure project, which was selected for its generality. Two bridge design concepts are assessed and compared: a concrete slab frame bridge and a soil-steel composite bridge. Data available in the contractor’s tender phase are used. The two primary aims of this study are (1) to analyse the practical application potential of the method in carrying out transparent sustainability assessments of design concepts in the early planning and design stages, and (2) to examine the results obtained in the case study to identify indicators in different life cycle stages and elements of the civil engineering works project with the largest impacts on sustainability. The results show that the method facilitates comparisons of the life cycle sustainability performance of design concepts at the indicator and construction element levels, enabling better-informed and more impartial design decisions to be made.
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| 5. |
- Hector, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental emission impact from transport during soil remediation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Urban Environment. - 9789400725393 ; 19, s. 439-448
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has identified more than 80 000 potentially contaminated sites in Sweden. One of these is the “former Hexion site” in Mölndal, south of Gothenburg. The property was bought by the construction company NCC in order to build a new housing area. On the site industrial production has been performed for almost 200 years. The products have been chemicals, e g binders for the coatings industry and plastics additives like phthalates. Measured concentrations of pollutants exceed the EPA’s general guidelines on “sensitive land use” and a remediation is necessary.The aim of the present study has been to perform a life cycle assessment of the environmental impact caused by excavation, transports and purification in the remediation, comparing three remediation strategies: Insitu, Exsitu and Exsitu in combination with onsite. Four different options for transportation and receiver/treatment have been analyzed.Exsitu methods were found to cause a much larger environmental load than the insitu. Emissions from the remediation may be reduced by reducing the volume of contaminated soil before transport to landfill. This can be done by pre-treating the soil onsite with sifting or soil washing. Sea transport leads to a high environmental impact. Future reduction of emissions from shipping will make shipping a more competitive choice.
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| 6. |
- Hvitt Strömvall, Ann-Margret, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Organic contaminants in urban sediments and vertical leaching in road ditches
- 2006
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Ingår i: 8th Highway and Urban Environment Symposium, Nicosia, Cyprus, 12-14 June 2006, Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries, Springer, Editors: Morrison, G.M., Rauch, S., 12. - 9781402060090
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a study of the environmental impact of organic contaminants emitted from urban traffic and road infrastructure in Göteborg, Sweden. The vertical leaching of organic contaminants in road ditches, and the occurrence of organic contaminants in stormwater sediment, urban soil and shallow groundwater, have also been investigated. A total of 80 specific organic contaminants were analysed in the stormwater sediment sample, and of these as many as 40 specific organic contaminants were identified. The concentration of total semi-volatiles, alkylbenzenes, aliphatics, 4-nonylphenols, total of mono- and di-nonylphenol ethoxylates, carcinogenic US EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAH–16, diethyl hexylphthalate DEHP and several brominated flame retardants, were all analysed in high concentration. Depth profiles, in clay, clay/sand and sand road ditches, at four places along highway E20, were analysed for a total of 40 specific organic compounds. In the soil profiles, total semi-volatiles (
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| 7. |
- Hvitt Strömvall, Ann-Margret, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Reactive soil barriers for removal of chromium(VI) from contaminated soil
- 2007
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Ingår i: Highway and Urban Environment. Proceedings of the 8th Highway and Urban Environment Symposium. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9781402060090 ; , s. 295-308
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this project was to find effective reactive materials as use in soil-bed barriers, for remediation of soil contaminated with chromium at Stallbacka industrial area in Sweden. Materials with different reduction/ adsorption capacities of Cr(VI)/Cr(III) were tested in laboratory and in a field pilot-scale experiment. Concentrations of total Cr and Cr(VI) in the soil, highly contaminated with ferrochrome slag, were exceeding the guideline values for contaminated sites in Sweden.Zero-valent iron (Fe0) filling, FeSO4 o7H2O, Na2SO3, field pine bark, modified pine bark, pine sawdust, and sphagnum peat were tested in batch or columns in mixture with the contaminated soil. All the materials, except peat, showed a good ability to reduce Cr(VI) in the batch experiments, and were chosen for further dynamic studies in columns. Iron sulphate and sodium sulphite were both shown to have a good ability to quickly reduce Cr(VI) in the columns, but the use might result in leaching of Fe and SO2- 4 to surface and groundwater. For field bark it took a longer time to reduce/ adsorb the same amounts of chromium, but it was functional for a longer time.Reactive soil-bed barriers were constructed in field: soil with embedded layers of FeSO4, pine bark underlying the soil, and soil without any reactive material layer. The iron sulphate was determined not to be suitable for the soil treatment, due to the high percentage of coarse materials in the soil texture, and thereby a quick washout of FeSO4 during the water infiltration. The field reactive soil barrier with pine bark was proven to be effective in reducing Cr(VI), and also had the capacity to adsorb both total and dissolved chromium leaching from the contaminated soil.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Arsenic Contamination After Wood Impregnation: Speciation, Sorption and Leaching
- 2010
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Ingår i: Highway and Urban Environment: Proceedings of the 9th Highway and Urban Environment symposium (Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries Science and Technology: Tools for Sustainable Development. Vol 17). - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789048130443 ; , s. 287-297
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Järlskog, Ida, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Traffic-related microplastic particles, metals, and organic pollutants in an urban area under reconstruction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In urban environments, particularly areas under reconstruction, metals, organic pollutants (OP), and microplastics (MP), are released in large amounts due to heavy traffic. Road runoff, a major transport route for urban pollutants, contributes significantly to a deteriorated water quality in receiving waters. This study was conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, and is unique because it simultaneously investigates the occurrence of OP, metals, and MP on roads and in stormwater from an urban area under reconstruction. Correlations between the various pollutants were also explored. The study was carried out by collecting washwater and sweepsand generated from street sweeping, road surface sampling, and flow-proportional stormwater sampling on several occasions. The liquid and solid samples were analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxy-PAH, aliphatics, aromatics, phthalates, and MP. The occurrence of OP was also analyzed with a non-target screening method of selected samples. Microplastics, i.e. plastic fragments/fibers, paint fragments, tire wear particles (TWP) and bitumen, were analyzed with a method based on density separation with sodium iodide and identification with a stereo microscope, melt-tests, and tactile identification. MP concentrations amounted to 1500 particles/L in stormwater, 51,000 particles/L in washwater, and 2.6 × 106 particles/kg dw in sweepsand. In stormwater, washwater and sweepsand, MP ≥20 μm were found to be dominated by TWP (38%, 83% and 78%, respectively). The results confirm traffic as an important source to MP, OP, and metal emissions. Concentrations exceeding water and sediment quality guidelines for metals (e.g. Cu and Zn), PAH, phthalates, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the C16–C35 fraction were found in most samples. The results show that the street sweeper collects large amounts of polluted materials and thereby prevents further spread of the pollutants to the receiving stormwater.
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| 10. |
- Mossmark, Fredrik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Aggressive groundwater chemistry caused by underground constructions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Geological Congress, Oslo, Norway, August 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When considering the degradation process and lifetime of the support system and equipment in underground facilities, the selection of materials is (normally) based on established criteria for the chemical composition of the groundwater. This is important for decisions regarding the steel quality and protection of reinforcement bolts, as well as the material used for the waterproofing system and lining. The criteria are imposed through groundwater sampling and analysis of groundwater prior to the construction of an underground facility. However, studies of the impact on groundwater chemistry from the construction of underground structures and experiments with groundwater extraction indicate that the groundwater chemistry is likely to change over time. Underground facilities are known to cause hydrological changes, especially during the construction phase. However, extensive monitoring programmes of groundwater chemistry are unusual. To further investigate possible changes of water chemistry due to hydrological changes, an experiment with groundwater extraction has been carried out. The experiment was conducted through the constant extraction of groundwater for a period of five years (between the years 2000 and 2005) from within a small watershed (28000 m2) at Lake Gårdsjön, located 50 km north of Gothenburg in Sweden. The area was also monitored during a few years before the extraction started and during the recovery phase. The area of the experiment is characterized by Precambrian crystalline bedrock covered by a thin overburden of glacial till and organic soils. The extraction caused the runoff from the watershed to decrease by nearly 50 % and the groundwater level to fluctuate more than at a nearby reference area. The hydrological impact of the experiment, with increased groundwater recharge, lead to changes and increased seasonal variations in the chemical composition of the groundwater in the bedrock. The hydrochemical variations were caused by seasonal variations in both the amount of water available for groundwater recharge and the chemical composition of the recharging water. Compared to the reference area, the seasonal variations were observed to increase for all the parameters included in the criteria used by the Swedish authorities for selection of construction materials (pH, hardness (Ca), alkalinity, salinity (EC)). An established method to assess the impact of the water composition on the corrosion of steel materials is the use of Langeliers index. The experiment with groundwater extraction caused a larger fluctuation of Langeliers index in the test area compared to the reference area. The results from the experiment confirm the observations from previous tunnelling projects, and show that the methods commonly used to assess the expected future aggressivity of the groundwater in the planning for underground facilities should be reviewed.
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