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- Daniau, A. -L, et al.
(författare)
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predictability of biomass burning in response to climate changes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 26, s. GB4007-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate is an important control on biomass burning, but the sensitivity of fire to changes in temperature and moisture balance has not been quantified. We analyze sedimentary charcoal records to show that the changes in fire regime over the past 21,000 yrs are predictable from changes in regional climates. Analyses of paleo-fire data show that fire increases monotonically with changes in temperature and peaks at intermediate moisture levels, and that temperature is quantitatively the most important driver of changes in biomass burning over the past 21,000 yrs. Given that a similar relationship between climate drivers and fire emerges from analyses of the interannual variability in biomass burning shown by remote-sensing observations of month-by-month burnt area between 1996 and 2008, our results signal a serious cause for concern in the face of continuing global warming.
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- Ahnström, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Activated protein C cofactor function of protein S: a novel role for a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residue
- 2011
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 117:24, s. 6685-6693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein S has an important anticoagulant function by acting as a cofactor for activated protein C (APC). We recently reported that the EGF1 domain residue Asp95 is critical for APC cofactor function. In the present study, we examined whether additional interaction sites within the Gla domain of protein S might contribute to its APC cofactor function. We examined 4 residues, composing the previously reported "Face1" (N33S/P35T/E36A/Y39V) variant, as single point substitutions. Of these protein S variants, protein S E36A was found to be almost completely inactive using calibrated automated thrombography. In factor Va inactivation assays, protein S E36A had 89% reduced cofactor activity compared with wild-type protein S and was almost completely inactive in factor VIIIa inactivation; phospholipid binding was, however, normal. Glu36 lies outside the omega-loop that mediates Ca2+-dependent phospholipid binding. Using mass spectrometry, it was nevertheless confirmed that Glu36 is gamma-carboxylated. Our finding that Gla36 is important for APC cofactor function, but not for phospholipid binding, defines a novel function (other than Ca2+ coordination/phospholipid binding) for a Gla residue in vitamin K-dependent proteins. It also suggests that residues within the Gla and EGF1 domains of protein S act cooperatively for its APC cofactor function. (Blood. 2011;117(24):6685-6693)
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- Nilsson, T., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of local alcohol prevention initiatives in Swedish municipalities, 2006–2014
- 2020
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Ingår i: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 55:6, s. 1008-1020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several components of the Swedish alcohol policy, e.g., pricing and availability, weakened when Sweden joined the EU in 1995. To counteract the possible negative effects of this, emphasis was placed on the local level as an important arena of alcohol prevention. Thus, considerable efforts were made to strengthen alcohol prevention in Swedish municipalities. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether local alcohol prevention reduced consumption and alcohol-related harm in Swedish municipalities. Methods: Alcohol prevention was monitored using a composite measure called the Alcohol Prevention Magnitude Measure (APMM), with subcategories of staff and budget, inspections and licenses, policy, activities, and cooperation. APMM and its categories were analysed in relation to alcohol consumption and harm over time, 2006–2014. A fixed effects model was used with 63% (N¼182, consumption) and 71% (N¼207, harm) of 290 Swedish municipalities, respectively, included in the analyses. Results: The main results suggest that when APMM increases with 1 percent, the alcohol-related mortality decreases with 0.26 percent, controlled for changes in population size, median income, unemployment, and post-secondary education. In light of this result, the estimated effect of APMM on alcohol consumption (sales) is small (0.02 percent decrease); possible explanations for this are discussed in the article. Conclusion:The overall results indicate that local alcohol prevention initiatives in Sweden have reduced some forms of alcohol-related harm, not least alcohol-related mortality, during the period 2006–2014. Further studies are needed to assess the generalizability of the present study.
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