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Sökning: WFRF:(Nosko Peter)

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1.
  • Nosko, Oleksii, et al. (författare)
  • Porosity and shape of airborne wear microparticles generated by sliding contact between a low-metallic friction material and a cast iron
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Aerosol Science. - : Elsevier. - 0021-8502 .- 1879-1964. ; 113, s. 130-140
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The wear of brakes in transport vehicles is one of the main anthropogenic sources of airborne particulate matter in urban environments. The present study deals with the characterisation of airborne wear microparticles from a low-metallic friction material / cast iron pair used in car brakes. Particles were generated by a pin-on-disc machine in a sealed chamber at sliding velocity of 1.3 m/s and contact pressure of 1.5 MPa. They were collected on filters in an electrical low pressure impactor, and an investigation was conducted to quantify their shape and porosity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that most of the 0.1−0.9 µm particles are flakes and have a breadth-to-length aspect ratio of 0.7 ± 0.2. Particle porosity was determined by milling particles with a focused ion beam and subsequent analysis of the exposed particle cross-sections. Most of the 0.3–6.2 µm particles were revealed to have porosity of 9 ± 6%. Analysis of the relationship between effective particle density, particle material density, dynamic shape factor and porosity showed that the shape factor has a stronger influence on the effective density of airborne wear particles than the porosity factor. The obtained results are useful for accurate prediction of particle behaviour in the atmosphere and in the human respiratory system.
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2.
  • Santangelo, James S., et al. (författare)
  • Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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