| 1. |
- Ferreira, Mjv, et al.
(författare)
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Poster Session 3 : Tuesday 5 May 2015, 08
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412. ; 16 Suppl 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Chagtmi, Nadia, et al.
(författare)
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Augmented Hammerstein model for the calibration of six-port based dual band wireless receivers
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1096-4290 .- 1099-047X. ; 29:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two architectures of concurrent dual-band six-port-based receiver (SPR), which are modeled and calibrated using the augmented Hammerstein model (AHM) are proposed for the first time in this article. The receivers are based on six-port junctions with one or two local oscillators (LO). The proposed single step calibration algorithms achieve the recovery of the two in-phase (I1 and I2) and quadrature (Q1 and Q2) components of an RF signal with two frequency components (RF1 and RF2). Experimental validations have been performed to verify the performance of the proposed concurrent dual-band receivers and to test the efficiency of the AHM based calibration algorithms. As a performance metric, the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) has been measured to compare the transmitted and recovered baseband signals and to evaluate the performance and efficiency of the proposed calibration algorithms for the two receiver topologies. The IQ data has been recovered with EVMs no higher than 2% for the two LOs based receiver excited with a QAM modulated dual-band RF signal. The single LO based receiver has been tested with a dual-band LTE signal and the recovered IQ data exhibited EVMs no higher than 4%.
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| 3. |
- Gwynne, Steve M.V., et al.
(författare)
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Roxborough Park Community Wildfire Evacuation Drill : Data Collection and Model Benchmarking
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fire Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-2684 .- 1572-8099. ; 59:2, s. 879-901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wildfires are increasing in scale, frequency and longevity, and are affecting new locations as environmental conditions change. This paper presents a dataset collected during a community evacuation drill performed in Roxborough Park, Colorado (USA) in 2019. This is a wildland–urban interface community including approximately 900 homes. Data concerning several aspects of community response were collected through observations and surveys: initial population location, pre-evacuation times, route use, and arrival times at the evacuation assembly point. Data were used as inputs to benchmark two evacuation models that adopt different modelling approaches. The WUI-NITY platform and the Evacuation Management System model were applied across a range of scenarios where assumptions regarding pre-evacuation delays and the routes used were varied according to original data collection methods (and interpretation of the data generated). Results are mostly driven by the assumptions adopted for pre-evacuation time inputs. This is expected in communities with a low number of vehicles present on the road and relatively limited traffic congestion. The analysis enabled the sensitivity of the modelling approaches to different datasets to be explored, given the different modelling approaches adopted. The performance of the models were sensitive to the data employed (derived from either observations or self-reporting) and the evacuation phases addressed in them. This indicates the importance of monitoring the impact of including data in a model rather than simply on the data itself, as data affects models in different ways given the modelling methods employed. The dataset is released in open access and is deemed to be useful for future wildfire evacuation modelling calibration and validation efforts.
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| 4. |
- Intini, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
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A review of design guidance on wildland urban interface fires
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fires in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) areas is a worldwide problem, which is gaining more importance over time due to climate change and constructions in the WUI areas. Standards and guidelines may greatly help the activities of planning, prevention and protection against wildfires. Some countries/States/local communities can already rely on existing standards and guidelines, while other areas, even if potentially subject to wildfires, not. This work presents a systematic review of standards and guidelines belonging to selected countries/States/local communities in the Western world, namely: North American countries (USA, Canada), European countries (France, Italy), Oceanic countries (Australia, New Zealand), and trans-national codes. The main information reviewed includes: hazard definition and severity classes, land factors (vegetation, defensible space and topographic factors), building materials and construction requirements, utilities (resources, firefighters, planning, outreach), fire protection measures, environmental factors (weather, fire history), and access requirements. A comparative analysis regarding the main similarities/differences between all the considered standards and guidelines was performed after the review process. This comparative analysis may be useful for the further development and/or revision of (novel) standards/guidelines for planning, preventing and protecting against fires in WUI areas.
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| 5. |
- Rohaert, Arthur, et al.
(författare)
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Traffic dynamics during the 2019 Kincade wildfire evacuation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209. ; 116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traffic models are a useful tool for evacuation planning and management in case of wildfires. Despite the availability of several evacuation models, the number of datasets that can be used for their calibration and validation is limited. This paper presents key traffic flow data collected during the 2019 Kincade Fire. The data (69 116 data points from 24 locations) have been sourced from the Performance Measurement System of the California Department of Transportation. A set of commonly used models that describe the relationships between speed, flow and density has been fit to the data and compared to the model from the Highway Capacity Manual. In evacuation scenarios, the vehicle speed is about 3.5 km/h lower in comparison with the speed in routine scenarios, both for low and high traffic density. This demonstrates that dedicated models are needed for an accurate estimation of traffic evacuation times.
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| 6. |
- Wahlqvist, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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The simulation of wildland-urban interface fire evacuation : The WUI-NITY platform
- 2021
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wildfires are a significant safety risk to populations adjacent to wildland areas, known as the wildland-urban interface (WUI). This paper introduces a modelling platform called WUI-NITY. The platform is built on the Unity3D game engine and simulates and visualises human behaviour and wildfire spread during an evacuation of WUI communities. The purpose of this platform is to enhance the situational awareness of responders and residents during evacuation scenarios by providing information on the dynamic evolution of the emergency. WUI-NITY represents current and predicted conditions by coupling the three key modelling layers of wildfire evacuation, namely the fire, pedestrian, and traffic movement. This allows predictions of evacuation behaviour over time. The current version of WUI-NITY demonstrates the feasibility and advantages of coupling the modelling layers. Its wildfire modelling layer is based on FARSITE, the pedestrian layer implements a dedicated pedestrian response and movement model, and the traffic layer includes a traffic evacuation model based on the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model. The platform also includes a sub-model called PERIL that designs the spatial location of trigger buffers. The main contribution of this work is in the development of a modular and model-agnostic (i.e., not linked to a specific model) platform with consistent levels of granularity (allowing a comparable modelling resolution in the representation of each layer) in all three modelling layers. WUI-NITY is a powerful tool to protect against wildfires; it can enable education and training of communities, forensic studies of past evacuations and dynamic vulnerability assessment of ongoing emergencies.
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