| 1. |
- Abouhatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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A Dynamic Analysis of Egyptian Orange Exports to Russia: A Co-integration Analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Agricultural Economics Review. - 1109-2580. ; 17, s. 38 - 54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- his paper analyzes the determinants of Egyptian orange exports to Russia by apply-ing an autoregressive distributed lag approach to quarterly data covering the period 1996-2014. Our major findings indicate that i) A one percent increase in the Russian GDP would lead to an increase of about 3.7% in Egypt’s orange exports to Russia in the long run, ii) Egypt’s export price relative to the export prices of other competitors has a negative statistically significant influence on orange exports to Russia, and iii) unlike our expectations, trade liberalization efforts between Egypt and Russia have had a negative influence on orange exports to Russia
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| 2. |
- Abouhatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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Exchange rate uncertainty and Egyptian exports of horticultural commodities into the EU
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1258, s. 11-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the impact of exchange rate volatility on Egyptian exports of fresh fruit and vegetables (FFVs) to their major importing markets in the EU. Using quarterly data covering the period 1994-2016, we examine the determinants of Egypt’s exports of FFVs to the EU, and then derive the long-term effects of exchange rate volatility on the FFV exports. The empirical results show that exchange rate volatility has a long-run significant effect on Egypt’s FFV exports to the EU. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of exchange rate volatility in understanding the behavior of Egyptian exports of FFVs to the EU. Thus, the design and implementation of exchange rate policies and export promotion programs in Egypt should take into consideration the stability and level of the real exchange rate.
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| 3. |
- Adom, Philip Kofi, et al.
(författare)
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Energy poverty, development outcomes, and transition to green energy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 178, s. 1337-1352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a close connection between energy and development outcomes. Therefore, energy constraints could adversely influence development outcomes. Consequently, building resilience to energy constraints could be one effective channel to improve development outcomes. This study analyses the effect of energy poverty, while considering the influence of green energy transition, on several development outcomes. Our approach delineates the short and long run dynamics of the net effects of energy poverty and renewable energy transition on development outcomes. First, as a direct effect, we find that energy poverty (renewable energy) has a negative (positive) effect on income, education, life expectancy, employment and mobile phone subscription and a positive (negative) effect on poverty, income inequality, sanitation risk and risk of drinking unsafe water. Conditioning the effect of energy poverty on renewable energy, we find that the transition to green energy partially compensates the adverse effects of energy poverty on the various development outcomes considered in this study. Further, we find that, for several of the development outcomes, the risk of inflated energy cost associated with renewable energy transitions in the short-term is likely to neutralise in the long run, except for income poverty and environmental risk factors. We discuss the policy implications.
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| 4. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al.
(författare)
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Financial inclusion and nutrition among rural households in Rwanda
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We investigate if financial inclusion leads to improved nutrition in rural Rwanda, using Rwandan Integrated Household Living Conditions surveys (2013/14 and 2016/17). Our empirical evidence shows a robust positive impact of financial inclusion efforts undertaken by formal financial institutions, though informal institutions such as tontines are ineffective in improving food expenditure or nutrition. Furthermore, the study reveals heterogeneous marginal effects of financial inclusion in reducing the gender gap between the food demand and nutrition of female and male-headed households. The study provides suggestive evidence that promoting formal financial inclusion will lead to wide-ranging welfare effects by improving food security, nutrition, and food demand, especially in rural communities.
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| 5. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Financial inclusion and nutrition among rural households in Rwanda
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Review of Agricultural Economics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0165-1587 .- 1464-3618. ; 51:2, s. 506-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Rwandan Integrated Household Living Conditions surveys (2013/2014 and 2016/17), we investigate whether financial inclusion leads to improved nutrition in rural Rwanda. Our empirical evidence shows a robust positive impact of financial inclusion by formal financial institutions, although informal institutions like tontines were ineffective in improving food expenditure or nutrition. Furthermore, the heterogeneous marginal effects of financial inclusion reduce the gender gap between the food expenditure and nutrition of female- and male-headed households. The results, hence, suggest that the country should promote formal financial inclusion to provide wide-ranging welfare effects by improving food security, nutrition and food expenditure in its rural communities.
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| 6. |
- Nsabimana, Aimable, et al.
(författare)
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Does mobile phone technology reduce agricultural price distortions? Evidence from cocoa and coffee industries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2193-7532. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural price distortion which is the discrepancy between world market price of agricultural produce and price received by farmers as a result of market interventions by governments, either through subsidies or taxes or even trade protection systems, has received rare attention in the cocoa and coffee sub-sectors. This study examines the contribution of mobile phone technology in reducing price distortions in cocoa and coffee production. In addition, we tested stylized facts such as the development paradox, resource abundance, and group-size effect in agricultural price distortions literature. The findings suggest that access to mobile phones reduces the extent of price distortions. The effect of mobile phone usage on the extent of price distortion, the nominal rate of assistance, and relative price margin is conditional on internet connectivity. Whereas our results support the development paradox and group-size effect hypotheses, the resource abundance hypothesis is not supported. Based on our results, policies that seek to reduce the cost of telecommunication, increase competition in the telecommunication industry, and increase economic growth would go a long way to reduce price distortion in the cocoa and coffee industries.
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| 7. |
- Nsabimana, Aimable
(författare)
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Essays on household demand and agricultural policy implications in developing countries
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis comprises four papers that contribute to the economic literature in the area of food demand and agricultural policy related issues. Paper I examines the main forces driving farmers’ decision to adopt modern agricultural inputs (MAI) in farming, and the effects on farm household welfare in Rwanda. Evidence from this study reveals that size of land endowment, access to farm credits and awareness of farm advisory services were the main driving factors behind MAI adoption. It was also found that adopting MAI significantly increased farm income, crop yield and household expenditure. This provides an indication that MAI adoption is the most consistent and potentially best pathway to reduce poverty among rural farmers. Paper II analyses the short and long-term effects of likely changes in rainfall on food crop prices in Rwanda. The results from this study identify that food crop prices are essentially vulnerable to rainfall shocks and that the effect is asymmetric in both the short and long-run. The analysis also revealed seasonal effects, with food prices falling significantly during the harvest season and rising thereafter. Further, the reliability of unit value (defined as expenditure by quantity) or community price (mostly gathered from local markets), both used to represent market prices when computing food demand elasticities, was investigated in Paper III using Tanzanian household data. A quadratic almost ideal demand system (QUAIDS) was created for nine food categories based on unit values and community prices. The results showed that expenditure elasticities from both prices appear to be almost similar. However, price elasticities from unit value and community prices displayed significant discrepancies. These findings suggest that, when opting to use these proxies for market prices, researchers should apply caution, particularly in accounting for quality variations and measurement errors in household reported prices and income. Finally, Paper IV presents the analysis of the food Engel curves and consumption patterns in Rwanda. The study results reveal that a large proportion of the average household food budget (more than 50%) is spent on cheap sources of calories (such as roots, tubers and cereals), resulting in unbalanced diets among members of Rwandan households. In particular, poor households, mostly in rural communities, appeared to spend almost nothing on protein food items (including meat). Overall, this thesis makes a series of novel contributions to the economic literature on food demand and agricultural policy for the under-explored continent of Africa. Improved understanding of rural and urban food consumption patterns can enable purposive and targeted food policies to be formulated.
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| 8. |
- Nsabimana, Aimable, et al.
(författare)
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Income and food Engel curves in Rwanda : A household microdata analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Economics. - : Springer. - 2193-7532. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food insecurity and malnutrition are still major challenges for large proportions of households in Sab-Saharan Africa. The empirical literature on food demand, however, suggest mixed evidence on the roles of income and other socio-economic attributes on food demand. This study analyses the food demand amongst households in Rwanda, based on nationally representative household expenditure and demographic (EICV4, 2013/14) survey data. The results show that poor households consume food containing higher carbohydrates and starches. Further, the study finds that majority of rural households spend sparingly on micronutrients from animal products, suggesting that effective targeted food policy interventions for poor and rural households may play important role in reducing incidence of malnutrition through improving food diets.… Read more
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