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- Alghazali, Raghad, et al.
(författare)
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Glycan Modifications as Regulators of Stem Cell Fate
- 2024
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Ingår i: Biology. - : MDPI. - 2079-7737. ; 13:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary Stem cells represent hope for millions of patients seeking prompt recovery. Unfortunately, the process of converting stem cells into the target cells that will replace the failed or lost organ is still incompletely efficient. One of the underestimated factors that can affect this process is the complex sugar content on the cell surface or in the surrounding environment. In this article, we briefly reviewed the main types of sugars added to the surface of cell proteins, followed by a reflection on their role in stem cells at their original state and during their transformation to a specialized cell type, such as the cells of bones, heart, brain, etc. By the end, we explained different strategies that can be used to increase the efficiency of this process by adding certain types of sugars to the environment around the cells or a three-dimensional composite. Understanding the role of added sugars in the process of stem cell differentiation can provide another clue, ultimately advancing the field of regenerative medicine.Abstract Glycosylation is a process where proteins or lipids are modified with glycans. The presence of glycans determines the structure, stability, and localization of glycoproteins, thereby impacting various biological processes, including embryogenesis, intercellular communication, and disease progression. Glycans can influence stem cell behavior by modulating signaling molecules that govern the critical aspects of self-renewal and differentiation. Furthermore, being located at the cell surface, glycans are utilized as markers for stem cell pluripotency and differentiation state determination. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature, focusing on the effect of glycans on stem cells with a reflection on the application of synthetic glycans in directing stem cell differentiation. Additionally, this review will serve as a primer for researchers seeking a deeper understanding of how synthetic glycans can be used to control stem cell differentiation, which may help establish new approaches to guide stem cell differentiation into specific lineages. Ultimately, this knowledge can facilitate the identification of efficient strategies for advancing stem cell-based therapeutic interventions.
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| 2. |
- Nugud, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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Biomaterials as a Vital Frontier for Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-634X. ; 10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomaterials and tissue regeneration represent two fields of intense research and rapid advancement. Their combination allowed the utilization of the different characteristics of biomaterials to enhance the expansion of stem cells or their differentiation into various lineages. Furthermore, the use of biomaterials in tissue regeneration would help in the creation of larger tissue constructs that can allow for significant clinical application. Several studies investigated the role of one or more biomaterial on stem cell characteristics or their differentiation potential into a certain target. In order to achieve real advancement in the field of stem cell-based tissue regeneration, a careful analysis of the currently published information is critically needed. This review describes the fundamental description of biomaterials as well as their classification according to their source, bioactivity and different biological effects. The effect of different biomaterials on stem cell expansion and differentiation into the primarily studied lineages was further discussed. In conclusion, biomaterials should be considered as an essential component of stem cell differentiation strategies. An intense investigation is still required. Establishing a consortium of stem cell biologists and biomaterial developers would help in a systematic development of this field.
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| 3. |
- Nugud, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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Two faces of the coin: Minireview for dissecting the role of reactive oxygen species in stem cell potency and lineage commitment
- 2018
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2090-1232. ; 14, s. 73-79
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as by-products of several intracellular metabolic pathways and are reduced to more stable molecules by several protective pathways. The presence of high levels of ROS can be associated with disturbance of cell function and could lead to apoptosis. The presence of ROS within the physiological range has many effects on several signalling pathways. In stem cells, this role can range between keeping the potency of the naive stem cells to differentiation towards a certain lineage. In addition, the level of certain ROS would change according to the differentiation stage. For example, the presence of ROS can be associated with increasing the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells, decreasing the potency of embryonic stem cells and adding to the genomic stability of induced pluripotent stem cells. ROS can enhance the differentiation of stem cells into cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, endothelial cells, keratinocytes and neurons. In the meantime, ROS inhibits osteogenesis and enhances the differentiation of cartilage to the hypertrophic stage, which is associated with chondrocyte death. Thus, ROS may form a link between naive stem cells in the body and the environment. In addition, monitoring of ROS levels in vitro may help in tissue regeneration studies. (C) 2018 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University.
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| 4. |
- Talaat, Iman Mamdouh, et al.
(författare)
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Potential role for microRNA-16 (miR-16) and microRNA-93 (miR-93) in diagnosis and prediction of disease progression in mycosis fungoides in Egyptian patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco, CA, United States : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mycosis Fungoides (MF) is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Early stage patients are treated with topical therapies and have normal life expectancy whereas patients with advanced disease encounter frequent relapses and have a five-year survival rate that does not exceed 15%. The aim of the present study was to characterize the expression of microRNA-16 (miR-16) and microRNA-93 (miR-93) in early and advanced cases of MF in relation to the clinicopathological parameters. Ten skin biopsies of early and advanced MF were investigated for the expression of miR-16 and miR-93 using RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical expression of apoptosis markers (BCL-2 and Survivin) were also investigated in the studied cases compared to normal skin and eczema biopsies. In the present study, BCL-2 and Survivin showed strong positive expression on neoplastic lymphocytes in all cases of MF regardless of their stage. We have also shown that miR-16 was significantly upregulated in advanced cases of MF compared to cases with early disease (p-value was less than 0.05). However, expression of miR-16 did not show any statistically significant correlation with age, gender, or expression of apoptotic markers. On the other hand, the expression of miR-93 showed significant downregulation in all lymphoma cases irrespective of their stage, compared to normal and eczema cases. Our results suggest that upregulation of miR-16 could be used to predict an aggressive course of the disease. We also suggest that miR-93 downregulation could serve as possible tool for establishing early diagnosis in early challenging cases. Our findings also provide consistent evidence that the anti-apoptotic molecules may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this type of cutaneous lymphomas and promote the idea that their inhibition could be an interesting novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of MF.
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