| 1. |
- Falconer, D., et al.
(författare)
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New Air-interface Technologies and Deployment Concepts
- 2006
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Ingår i: Technologies for the Wireless Future: Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF). - Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons. - 0470029056 - 9780470029053 ; , s. 131-226
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Phillips, Helen R. P., et al.
(författare)
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Global distribution of earthworm diversity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 366:6464, s. 480-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide.
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| 3. |
- Parasyri, M., et al.
(författare)
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Renal Phenotype in Mitochondrial Diseases: A Multicenter Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Kidney Diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 2296-9381 .- 2296-9357. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study aimed to investigate associations between renal and extrarenal manifestations of mitochondrial diseases and their natural history as well as predictors of renal disease severity and overall disease outcome. The secondary aim was to generate a protocol of presymptomatic assessment and monitoring of renal function in patients with a defined mitochondrial disease. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was performed by the Mitochondrial Clinical and Research Network (MCRN). Patients of any age with renal manifestations associated with a genetically verified mitochondrial disease were included from 8 expert European centers specializing in mitochondrial diseases: Gothenburg, Oulu, Copenhagen, Bergen, Helsinki, Stockholm, Rotterdam, and Barcelona. Results: Of the 36 patients included, two-thirds had mitochondrial DNA-associated disease. Renal manifestations were the first sign of mitochondrial disease in 19%, and renal involvement was first identified by laboratory tests in 57% of patients. Acute kidney injury occurred in 19% of patients and was the first sign of renal disease in the majority of these. The most common renal manifestation was chronic kidney disease (75% with stage 2 or greater), followed by tubulopathy (44.4%), the latter seen mostly among patients with single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions. Acute kidney injury and tubulopathy correlated with worse survival outcome. The most common findings on renal imaging were increased echogenicity and renal dysplasia/hypoplasia. Renal histology revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, nephrocalcinosis, and nephronophthisis. Conclusion: Acute kidney injury is a distinct renal phenotype in patients with mitochondrial disease. Our results highlight the importance to recognize renal disease as a sign of an underlying mitochondrial disease. Acute kidney injury and tubulopathy are 2 distinct indicators of poor survival in patients with mitochondrial diseases.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Veljkovic, Milan, et al.
(författare)
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High-strength tower in steel for wind turbines (Histwin) : Final report
- 2012
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovative solutions for assembling joints of a tubular tower for wind turbines were studied and the project provides a background for design. This solution is simpler to produce and 80 % less expensive than traditional flange connection. Our feasibility study at the production plant indicates that the towers would be easy to assemble in situ. In addition to the direct cost savings due to the technical simplicity of the solution, the higher fatigue endurance than that of the flange connection is experimentally established. Further reduction of costs due to optimal use of higher-strength steel grades, especially in the bottom segments of the tower where the stiffening of the door opening is costly, is shown in the report. The total reduction of the costs for tower is estimated at about 10–15 % compared to the traditional tower. The project objectives are achieved in following sequences. • Experimental activities of the friction connection: small-scale tests to establish resistance of the friction connection for a variety of faying surfaces and bolt types, accompanying testing to ensure realistic input data for FEA, long-term testing to establish loss of pretension forces during the lifetime and fatigue tests.• Bending test of the friction and flange connection in a down-scaled tower. • Feasibility of production of the tower segments in the laboratory and at the production plant. • Monitoring of the existing tower to access a stress variation during the operation. • FEA analysis of experimental results and a complete case study of the monitored tower. Numerical examples for design of the friction connection are given for the sake of illustration and to encourage use of the new connection
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| 6. |
- Ilmarinen, P., et al.
(författare)
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Cluster Analysis of Finnish Population-Based Adult-Onset Asthma Patients
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology-in Practice. - 2213-2198. ; 11:10, s. 3086-3096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Phenotypes of adult asthma have been identified in previous studies but rarely in population-based settings.OBJECTIVE: To identify clusters of adult-onset asthma in a Finnish population-based study on subjects born before 1967.METHODS: We used population-based data from 1350 asthmatics with adult-onset asthma (Adult Asthma in Finland) from Finnish national registers. Twenty-eight covariates were selected based on literature. The number of covariates was reduced by using factor analysis before cluster analysis.RESULTS: Five clusters (CLU1-CLU5) were identified, 3 clusters with late-onset adult asthma (onset >= 40 years) and 2 clusters with onset at earlier adulthood (<40 years). Subjects in CLU1 (n = 666) had late-onset asthma and were nonobese, symptomatic, and predominantly female with few respiratory infections during childhood. CLU2 (n = 36) consisted of subjects who had earlier-onset asthma, were predominantly female, obese with allergic asthma, and had recurrent respiratory infections. Subjects in CLU3 (n = 75) were nonobese, older, and predominantly men with late-onset asthma, smoking history, comorbidities, severe asthma, least allergic diseases, low education, many siblings, and childhood in rural areas. CLU4 (n = 218) was a late-onset cluster consisting of obese females with comorbidities, asthma symptoms, and low education level. Subjects in CLU5 (n [ 260) had earlier onset asthma, were nonobese, and predominantly allergic females.CONCLUSIONS: Our population-based adult-onset asthma clusters take into account several critical factors such as obesity and smoking, and identified clusters that partially overlap with clusters identified in clinical settings. Results give us a more profound understanding of adult-onset asthma phenotypes and support personalized management. (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/). (J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023;11:3086-96)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Vuorinen, V., et al.
(författare)
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LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF DROPLET STOKES NUMBER EFFECTS ON MIXTURE QUALITY IN FUEL SPRAYS
- 2010
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Ingår i: Atomization and sprays. - 1044-5110 .- 1936-2684. ; 20:5, s. 435-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a continuing study to the recent study by the authors and the results presented herein are based on the same numerical experiments enriching the previously obtained picture (Vuorinen, V, Hillamo, H., Kaario, O., Larmi, M., and Fuchs, L., Atomization Sprays, vol. 20, pp. 93-114, 2010). Large eddy simulations (LES) and Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) techniques are applied to simulate turbulent fuel spray evolution using high spatial and temporal resolution (Delta x < 10(-4) m and Delta t < 10(-7) s), hence providing detailed information on the anisotropy of the spray problem. The aim of this paper is to apply LES/LPT to identify possible causes to observed fuel spray heterogeneities in nonevaporating fuel sprays (Cao, Z., Nishino, K., Mizuno, S., and Toni, K., Exp. Fluids, vol. 29, pp. S211-5229, 2000; Hillamo, H., Kaario, O., and Larmi M., SAE Paper No. 2008-08PFL-552, 2008). In this context, the numerical setup is new since it avoids the dense spray region by emulating the dilute spray part as a droplet laden jet. The apparent role of droplet diameter (d) to spray dispersion, spray structure, and the mixture quality can then be investigated in detail. This paper is motivated by previous investigations in which smaller nozzle hole diameters and higher injection pressures together are known to yield smaller droplets, improved mixing, and higher levels of entrainment. The main emphasis is on monodisperse sprays, but for comparison, also some polydisperse sprays and a single-phase jet (which is slightly loaded with tracer particles) are considered. The droplets are assumed to be spherical; they are of constant size and do not interact with each other (i.e., assuming only two-way momentum coupling). The droplets have a Stokes number within the range of 0.07 <= St(p) <= 2.56, corresponding to diameters between 2 <= d <= 12 mu m. The results include (i) visualization of spray structures, combined with (ii) quantitative and statistical analysis of the results. The spray cloud shape and its internal structure are shown to depend on Sty, and the apparent differences in spray dispersion are quantified using two mixing indicators that both depend strongly on St,, and imply that the smaller droplets yield better mixing than the larger droplets: (i) a diffusion coefficient, and (ii) a mixing index.
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| 9. |
- Waldenström, Jesper, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Short interferon and ribavirin treatment for HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection: NORDynamIC trial and real-life experience
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 51:3, s. 337-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Interferon-free therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is costly, and therefore patients with advanced fibrosis are prioritized. Although coupled with considerable side effects, a large proportion of genotype 2/3 infected patients achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) following interferon-based therapy. The present study evaluates experimental clinical trial and verifying real-life data with the aim of identifying patients with a high likelihood of favorable outcome following short interferon-based treatment. Material and methods: The impact of established response predictors, e.g. age, ITPA and IL28B genetic variants, IP-10, liver histopathology and early viral kinetics on outcome was evaluated among HCV genotype 2/3 infected patients enrolled in the NORDynamIC trial. Similarly outcome was evaluated among Finnish and Swedish real-life genotype 2/3 infected patients treated for 12-16 weeks in accordance with national guidelines. Results: In the NORDynamIC trial, age <40 years or achieving HCV RNA<1000 IU/mL day 7 were highly predictive of favorable outcome following 12 weeks therapy. Among 255 Finnish real-life patients below the age of 40 years treated for 12 weeks with interferon and ribavirin, 87% of HCV genotype 2 and 79% of genotype 3 infected patients achieved SVR, and among 117 Swedish real-life patients treated for 12-16 weeks, 97% of HCV genotype 2 and 94% of genotype 3 infected achieved SVR. Conclusions: Short interferon-based therapy offers a high likelihood of achieving SVR for selected HCV genotype 2/3 infected patients, and is an acceptable option given that a thorough discussion of the side effects is provided prior to initiation.
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