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- Duvander, Ann-Zofie, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity of Childcare Politics in the Nordic Welfare States
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Family Policy over the Life Course. - New York : Oxford University Press. - 9780197518151 - 9780197518182 ; , s. 655-677
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter examines the development of publicly financed childcare (PFC) and cash for care in Finland, Norway, and Sweden, from the 1960s until today. These three countries show quite different development trajectories over time. In all three, but especially Finland and Sweden, women entered the labor market before the PFC services had developed and childcare was initially arranged privately. Informal family day care was eventally replaced by formal family day carers being employed by the municipality. This happened less in Norway, where women entered the labor market later. Preschool activity then expanded over time, first in Sweden and somewhat later in Finland and Norway. Over time preschools became the dominant form of childcare, but the prevalence of cash for care differentiates the situation in the three countries, especially regarding children's age at start of PFC. Today, Finland is the country where cash for care is still widely used and children start later in preschools. The chapter also describes the comparative cost and subsidized fees of PFC, when various parental groups got access to PFC, and indicators of quality in the three countries. The authors draw the conclusion that the motivation to expand PFC to facilitate women's work has today been replaced by a motivation centered around children's needs, a move in which informal caregivers have been replaced by educated preschool teachers.
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| 4. |
- Nyberg, Anita, 1940-
(författare)
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En jämställd Ekonomisk Debatt
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 50:5, s. 30-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Nyberg, Anita, 1940-
(författare)
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Har det någon betydelse om nationalekonomer är kvinnor eller män?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 49:6, s. 30-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Ekonomisk Debatt nr 3, 2003, publicerades en artikel skriven av Christina Jonung och Ann-Charlotte Ståhlberg – ”Nationalekonomins frukter – även för kvinnor?” De pekade på att andelen kvinnor inom nationalekonomi hade ökat de tre senaste decennierna men att disciplinen trots detta fortfarande var mansdominerad. Denna artikel ställer frågan om nationalekonomi är jämställt idag nästan 20 år senare och om det i så fall satt några spår i nationalekonomisk forskning?
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| 8. |
- Nyberg, Anita, 1940-
(författare)
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Nationalekonom - vem är det?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nio-fem. - 2001-9688 .- 2004-4046. ; :1, s. 16-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 9. |
- Nyberg, Anita, 1940-
(författare)
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Tekniken - kvinnornas befriare? : Hushållsteknik, köpevaror, gifta kvinnors hushållsarbetstid och förvärvsdeltagande 1930-talet - 1980-talet
- 1989
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A traditionalline of thought is the belief that technological development has liberatcd women from housework and improved their prospects for laber force participation. This traditional line of thought has been questioned by som e research ers. These researchers claim that increased access to manufactured goods, household appliances, plumbing and electric power coincides with higher demands on household productian of goodsand services and that there is no earrelation between, on the one hand, improved availability of merchandise and household appliances and, on the other, a reduction of housework time and an increase of married women in the labor force.The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between access to household technology and ready-made merchandise, and married women's work. Particular attention is paid to the number of hours spent by wife's on housework and their laber force participation. The study deals with Sweden during two periods: the 1930s, and between the l930s and the 1980s.The study finds that in the !930s wives on small farms had least access to household technology and merchandise. Yet, this category had the highest rate of laber force participation. Married women in high income, urban families bad greatest access to household technology and merchandise. They usually had a low rate of laber force participation.Greater access to household technology and merchandise did not reduce married women's housework hours. The potential reduction in housework time was counterbalanced by higher overall consumptian of goodsand services. The resull was the same or more housework time with no correlation to married women's labor force participation.Duringthe period 1930s to 1980s access to household technology and merchandise has risen dramatically. The time urban wives spend on housework has fallen and their labor force participation has risen. These three changes are not necessarily related. Other reasons might be behind the decrease in housework time: reduced overall household consumption of goods and services quite apart from increased availability of household technology and merchandise- and an increase in men's housework.Two reasons lie behind the traditional viewpoint described earlier. lt tends to underestimate the number of married women in the labor force earlier, and also to underestimate the amount of housework today.Total hours spent today by wives on shopping and home preparation exceed the total workhours by married women in the public sector. Wives spend more time cleaning than they do working in shops, restarrrants and hotels. They spend more time sewing than working in mirres and quarries, manufacturing and public utilities.The time married women previously devoted to labor force participation has been underestimated mainly because farmwives were not included in the statistics. If they are counted as in the labor force the rate of labor force participation for married women was about 40% in the 1930s instead of 8%. The rate of labor force participatian was thus high in the first decades of this century. The transition from an agrarian to an industrial society meant a fall in the number of women in the labor force. Industrialization and urbanization did not primarily diminish housework for married women; it reduced their participation in the labor force. Married women turned from doing two jobs to only working in the home. At the same time, access to household technology and merchandise increased. This period is, in a historical perspective, very short and unique. Married women once again today hold two jobs.
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