| 1. |
- Flädjemark, Ulrika, 1962-
(författare)
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Viljan att vara reko : biopolitik och professionsetik – rehabkoordineringens janusansikte
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rehabiliteringskoordinator (reko) har tillkommit som en ny, lagstadgad funktion i linje med att göra arbetsåtergång för sjukskrivna ett prioriterat område inom vården. Reko har som uppgift att stödja patienten, samordna den interna organiseringen i sjukskrivningsprocessen samt samverka med externa aktörer; såsom arbetsgivare och Försäkringskassans handläggare. Den förgivettagna metaforen är att rehabkoordinatorn agerar som ”spindeln-i-nätet” för att åstadkomma detta.Avhandlingen syftar till att studera rehabkoordinatorn i sjukskrivningsprocessen inom ramen för organisations- och professionsstudier. Utifrån syftet har två huvudsakliga frågeställningar formulerats; hur rehabkoordinatorns roll och funktion synliggörs i en vårdprofessionskontext, samt hur rehabkoordinatorn framstår som organisatorisk subjektivitet i förhållande till funktionens uppdrag. Avhandlingens teoretiska referensramar utgår från Michel Foucaults politiska filosofi med governmentality i förgrunden.Avhandlingens 19 semi-strukturerade intervjuer med rehabkoordinatorer har tillsammans med observationer samt offentliga dokument där rehabkoordinatorns arbetsuppgifter beskrivs, analyserats med tematisk nätverksanalys. I analysen har ett abduktivt förhållningssätt med utgångspunkt i en dispositiv analytisk strategi använts. Analysen visar att funktionen är otydlig i den dagliga verksamheten. Rehabkoordinatorn upplever oklarheter i hur uppdraget ska utformas, vilket även uttrycks i förhållande till hur lokal verksamhetsledning och kollegor uppfattar uppdraget. Otydligheten till trots uttalas en vilja att hjälpa och stödja patienten. Därmed skapar otydligheten och den goda viljans produktiva makt i förhållande till hur rehabkoordinatorn väljer att agera i rollen, två röda trådar som går hand i hand och interagerar med varandra.I styrande dokument framställs att vårdprofessionslogiken med dess intuitiva individcentrering och biopolitisk logik som övergripande legal styrning, enkelt kan sammanföras i en och samma roll vilket ger sken av ett rehabkoordineringens janusansikte som är oproblematiskt. Janusansiktets dubbelnatur kräver emellertid ett tydliggörande. Tydliggörande kommer till stånd genom att rehabkoordinatorn använder olika strategier, t ex genom klädsel och att använda rumslighet på ett sätt som koordinatorn finner lämpligt med utgångspunkt i den personliga tolkningen av hur rollen ska iscensättas. Att utarbeta strategier avseende hur rollen ska agera i förhållande till övriga vårdprofessioner, företrädesvis läkaren, är andra sätt att skapa tydlighet. Med utgångspunkt i offentliga dokument emotses ett görande från rehabkoordinatorns sida som överför en förväntad normering till patienten och övriga inom vårdorganisationen på ett sätt som gör att patienten förstår sitt eget bästa och agerar därefter. Rehabkoordinatorn formar i rollen som subjekt hur funktionen kommer att ta sitt uttryck genom följsamhet eller motstånd mot den förväntade normering som råder i styrande dokument. I subjektiveringsprocessen väljer rehabkoordinator som individ med vilket vetande i förgrunden som agerandet utövas och genom detta, hur subjektivitet formas. Andra metaforer än den förgivettagna spindeln-i-nätet ger här en bild av hur rollen formas; till exempel att agera detektiv, ventil, lots, brygga.Avhandlingen bidrar till förståelse hur statlig övergripande styrning konstituerar självstyrning och formering av organisatoriska subjektiviteter. I det här fallet det formande som rehabkoordinatorn uttrycker genom den subjektivitet som iscensätts för att klargöra otydligheten som kan ses ur två perspektiv, som möjliggörande och som hindrande. För att otydligheten inte ska leda till rolloklarhet behöver en dubbelriktad kommunikation komma till stånd inom vårdorganisationen – med chefer och med kollegor – med utgångspunkt i att tala klarspråk om det kontroversiella i rehabkoordinatoruppdraget där agerandet förväntas styras av det försäkringsmedicinska paradigmet.
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| 2. |
- Elbe, Pia
(författare)
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Exploring the Hidden Dimensions of Distraction in Adults with Atypical Attention
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inattention and proclivity for distraction are symptoms of adult ADHD that hamper productivity in study and work environments. The topic of this dissertation is mechanisms of distraction and facilitation of attention in ADHD. This thesis includes three studies. The following overarching questions are addressed in each study respectively: (1) Is computerized cognitive training (CCT) an intervention which improves overall cognitive outcomes in adults with ADHD, (2) Are there differences depending on ADHD symptom severity and distraction in auditory or vibro-tactile sensory modalities, and (3) Is background white noise a shield from distraction for those with ADHD during a short-term memory task?Study I is a systematic review and meta-analysis of CCT interventions for adults with ADHD, following a pre- post-test design for randomized controlled trials. Nine intervention studies are included in the systematic review, with the resulting meta-analysis for overall cognitive outcomes showing a very small benefit of the CCT intervention. Study I also included sub-analyses of three outcome categories according to the Cattell-Horn-Carol framework of cognition: cognitive speed, executive functions, and short-term memory. None of these individual meta-analyses resulted in significant improvements. Participants took part in a cross-modal visual oddball task with auditory and vibro-tactile distractors in Study II. Forty-five participants were divided into two groups for the analysis: one group with low ADHD symptoms and one group with high ADHD symptoms. Findings did not show a relationship between ADHD symptom status and distraction in either auditory or vibro-tactile modality, despite both groups showing the expected slowed reactions on deviant trials. A sensitivity analysis showed that the high symptom group exhibited 0.5 % more missed trials compared to the low symptom group, possibly due to mind wandering in this non-forced-choice task.For Study III, serial recall data was collected from sixty-six individuals with ADHD and sixty-six healthy control participants, who were tested with white background noise and no background noise conditions. The results showed that participants with ADHD were more likely to get distracted by auditory omission deviants in continuous background white noise, whereas healthy controls were more likely to get distracted by auditory addition deviants in the condition without background noise. Also, the individuals with ADHD on average did not exhibit a typical primacy effect across serial recall items. Overall, the results of the three studies in this dissertation point to some areas for improvement for adults with ADHD where targeted behavioral interventions might be useful in the future.
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| 3. |
- Koivisto, Jenni, 1980-
(författare)
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Navigating in the Midst of Uncertainties : Challenges in Disaster Risk Governance in Mozambique
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Disasters cause heavy losses for societies and may quickly erode any development efforts. Consequently, disaster risk reduction (DRR) is an integral part of development work that should be addressed at multiple levels. Global DRR frameworks, scholars and practitioners all advocate disaster risk governance (DRG) strategies that are multi-stakeholder, polycentric and multisectoral. While various substantive knowledge gaps and questions arising from multiple risks and the crosscutting nature of DRR have been relatively well addressed, uncertainties relating to multiple DRR actors operating and collaborating at different scales have gained less attention in previous studies.This thesis investigates the uncertainties in DRG in Mozambique, a low-income country that regularly faces natural hazards. These hazards often cause heavy loss of life and livelihoods and economic damage. The four articles that together constitute this thesis focus on different sets of uncertainties and factors that have constrained or allowed Mozambique to take major steps in this policy area. By exploring strategic and institutional uncertainties related to stakeholder involvement, coordination and policy disputes, this thesis reveals different challenges and opportunities that affect DRR policymaking in Mozambique.This thesis concludes that Mozambique has managed to take important steps in DRR. However, as a consequence of the different challenges to DRR practice in Mozambique, policymaking can be short-sighted and makes slow progress, thus increasing the disconnect between theory, policies and practice. This thesis thus argues that DRG research and practice need to better take into account power-relations; coordination and capacity issues; and responsibilities and transparency across scales, both in Mozambique and elsewhere.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Katarina, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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collaborative compexity in developing caring living arrangements for ageing people
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ageing in a transforming world.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Social Services Act (SFS 2001:453) stipulates since 1982 that the municipal Social Committee should become well acquainted with the living conditions in the municipality. They should also participate in urban planning, and in cooperation with other public bodies, organizations, associations and individuals promote good living environments in the municipality. The development, planning and design of good living environments for older people is an endeavour of great complexity that demands collaboration between many actors. Housing and care for older people is an important area in which social servicesand urban planning could benefit from collaboration. Planning for older people has recently been indicated as urgent and necessary, especially in the light of changed demography in which the proportion of older people is increasing. A built environment that accommodates older people’s everyday needs embraces issues such as age-friendliness, care, socio-spatial inequality, inclusion, and innovation. This research program, CollAge, investigates cross-sectoral collaboration in Swedish municipalities between social eldercare, urban planning and Senior Citizens’ Councils as regards housing and care. With diverse qualitative methodologies the multidisciplinary team of scholars in social work, architecture and urban planning explore how eldercare interventions and services are managed and understood in municipal urban planning and development, and how older people’s preferences can contribute to improved quality of care in social services and housing provision. The ultimate aim of the programme is to develop a methodological tool – CollAge – to support, facilitate and structure collaboration between the three actors.
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| 5. |
- Suur, Bianca E., et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic potential of the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin family in vascular disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-9812. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexins (PCSKs) constitute a family of nine related proteases: PCSK1-7, MBTPS1, and PCSK9. Apart from PCSK9, little is known about PCSKs in cardiovascular disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression landscape and druggability potential of the entire PCSK family for CVD. We applied an integrative approach, combining genetic, transcriptomic and proteomic data from three vascular biobanks comprising carotid atherosclerosis, thoracic and abdominal aneurysms, with patient clinical parameters and immunohistochemistry of vascular biopsies. Apart from PCSK4, all PCSK family members lie in genetic regions containing variants associated with human cardiovascular traits. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that FURIN, PCSK5, MBTPS1 were downregulated, while PCSK6/7 were upregulated in plaques vs. control arteries. In abdominal aneurysms, FURIN, PCSK5, PCSK7, MBTPS1 were downregulated, while PCSK6 was enriched in diseased media. In thoracic aneurysms, only FURIN was significantly upregulated. Network analyses of the upstream and downstream pathways related to PCSKs were performed on the omics data from vascular biopsies, revealing mechanistic relationships between this protein family and disease. Cell type correlation analyses and immunohistochemistry showed that PCSK transcripts and protein levels parallel each other, except for PCSK9 where transcript was not detected, while protein was abundant in vascular biopsies. Correlations to clinical parameters revealed a positive association between FURIN plaque levels and serum LDL, while PCSK6 was negatively associated with Hb. PCSK5/6/7 were all positively associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Our results show that PCSK6 is abundant in plaques and abdominal aneurysms, while FURIN upregulation is characteristic for thoracic aneurysms. PCSK9 protein, but not the transcript, was present in vascular lesions, suggesting its accumulation from circulation. Integrating our results lead to the development of a novel 'molecular' 5D framework. Here, we conducted the first integrative study of the proprotein convertase family in this context. Our results using this translational pipeline, revealed primarily PCSK6, followed by PCSK5, PCSK7 and FURIN, as proprotein convertases with the highest novel therapeutic potential.
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| 6. |
- Tahvili, Sahar
(författare)
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A Decision Support System for Integration Test Selection
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Software testing generally suffers from time and budget limitations. Indiscriminately executing all available test cases leads to sub-optimal exploitation of testing resources. Selecting too few test cases for execution on the other hand might leave a large number of faults undiscovered. Test case selection and prioritization techniques can lead to more efficient usage of testing resources and also early detection of faults. Test case selection addresses the problem of selecting a subset of an existing set of test cases, typically by discarding test cases that do not add any value in improving the quality of the software under test. Test case prioritization schedules test cases for execution in an order to increase their effectiveness at achieving some performance goals such as: earlier fault detection, optimal allocation of testing resources and reducing overall testing effort. In practice, prioritized selection of test cases requires the evaluation of different test case criteria, and therefore, this problem can be formulated as a multi-criteria decision making problem. As the number of decision criteria grows, application of a systematic decision making solution becomes a necessity. In this thesis, we propose a tool-supported framework using a decision support system, for prioritizing and selecting integration test cases in embedded system development. The framework provides a complete loop for selecting the best candidate test case for execution based on a finite set of criteria. The results of multiple case studies, done on a train control management subsystem from Bombardier Transportation AB in Sweden, demonstrate how our approach helps to select test cases in a systematic way. This can lead to early detection of faults while respecting various criteria. Also, we have evaluated a customized return on investment metric to quantify the economic benefits in optimizing system integration testing using our framework.
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