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| 2. |
- Baltzer, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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Stratifying Cervical Cancer Risk With Registry Data
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 14th International Conference on e-Science (e-Science 2018). - : IEEE. - 9781538691564 ; , s. 288-289
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cervical cancer screening programmes in Sweden and Norway have successfully reduced the frequency of cervical cancer incidence but have not implemented any form of evaluation for screening needs. This means that the screening frequency for individuals can he suboptimal, increasing either the cost of the programme or the risk of missing an early stage cancer development. We developed a framework for assessing an individual's risk of cervical cancer based on their available screening history and computing a primary risk factor called CRS from a data-driven separation model together with multiple derived attributes. The results show that this approach is highly practical, validates against multiple established trends, and can he effective in personalizing the screening needs for individuals.
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| 3. |
- Baltzer, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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Risk stratification in cervical cancer screening by complete screening history : Applying bioinformatics to a general screening population
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 141:1, s. 200-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women screened for cervical cancer in Sweden are currently treated under a one-size-fits-all programme, which has been successful in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer but does not use all of the participants' available medical information. This study aimed to use women's complete cervical screening histories to identify diagnostic patterns that may indicate an increased risk of developing cervical cancer. A nationwide case-control study was performed where cervical cancer screening data from 125,476 women with a maximum follow-up of 10 years were evaluated for patterns of SNOMED diagnoses. The cancer development risk was estimated for a number of different screening history patterns and expressed as Odds Ratios (OR), with a history of 4 benign cervical tests as reference, using logistic regression. The overall performance of the model was moderate (64% accuracy, 71% area under curve) with 61-62% of the study population showing no specific patterns associated with risk. However, predictions for high-risk groups as defined by screening history patterns were highly discriminatory with ORs ranging from 8 to 36. The model for computing risk performed consistently across different screening history lengths, and several patterns predicted cancer outcomes. The results show the presence of risk-increasing and risk-decreasing factors in the screening history. Thus it is feasible to identify subgroups based on their complete screening histories. Several high-risk subgroups identified might benefit from an increased screening density. Some low-risk subgroups identified could likely have a moderately reduced screening density without additional risk.
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| 4. |
- Breznau, Nate, et al.
(författare)
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Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how researchers analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each teams workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings.
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| 6. |
- Cámara, Elena, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Data mining of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants engineered for increased tolerance towards inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 0734-9750. ; 57
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of renewable plant biomass, lignocellulose, to produce biofuels and biochemicals using microbial cell factories plays a fundamental role in the future bioeconomy. The development of cell factories capable of efficiently fermenting complex biomass streams will improve the cost-effectiveness of microbial conversion processes. At present, inhibitory compounds found in hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomass substantially influence the performance of a cell factory and the economic feasibility of lignocellulosic biofuels and chemicals. Here, we present and statistically analyze data on Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants engineered for altered tolerance towards the most common inhibitors found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates: acetic acid, formic acid, furans, and phenolic compounds. We collected data from 7971 experiments including single overexpression or deletion of 3955 unique genes. The mutants included in the analysis had been shown to display increased or decreased tolerance to individual inhibitors or combinations of inhibitors found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Moreover, the data included mutants grown on synthetic hydrolysates, in which inhibitors were added at concentrations that mimicked those of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Genetic engineering aimed at improving inhibitor or hydrolysate tolerance was shown to alter the specific growth rate or length of the lag phase, cell viability, and vitality, block fermentation, and decrease product yield. Different aspects of strain engineering aimed at improving hydrolysate tolerance, such as choice of strain and experimental set-up are discussed and put in relation to their biological relevance. While successful genetic engineering is often strain and condition dependent, we highlight the conserved role of regulators, transporters, and detoxifying enzymes in inhibitor tolerance. The compiled meta-analysis can guide future engineering attempts and aid the development of more efficient cell factories for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Erland, et al.
(författare)
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Electrical resistivity and conductivity of greases : an initial study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Lubrication Science. - : Wiley. - 0954-0075 .- 1557-6833. ; 15:1, s. 33-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigations of railway wagons fitted with rolling-element bearings have shown damage to the bearings from the passage of electric current. This also occurs in railway wagons without an electric energy consumption of their own, because of residual currents from electric locomotives. This phenomenon gives rise to technical, financial, and even safety problems. This paper reviews research in the field of rolling-element bearings exposed to electric currents. The paper also reports on an ongoing study undertaken to understand the mechanism of current flow and the role of lubricants in the associated damage, and to identify the possibilities of minimising bearing damage. The obvious solution to this problem is to use optimised greases, i.e., with high electrical conductivity and good lubricating ability. In the preliminary work reported here a number of greases for railway use were tested to determine their electrical conductivity in static and dynamic situations. These tests were performed using specially designed apparatus, and significant initial information about the electrical properties of greases has been obtained in this research, for example, that there is a correlation between the electrical conductance under static and dynamic conditions. All the greases tested showed comparatively high resistivity values, which could be one explanation for the bearing damage observed.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Maria, 1967-
(författare)
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Cognitive impairment and its consequences in everyday life
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim was to improve knowledge of the consequences of cognitive dysfunction in everyday life and of instruments to make these assessments. The thesis contains four studies each of different design using different populations.In study I, the relationship between cognitive function, ability to perform activities of daily living and perceived health-related quality of life were investigated in a population of 85-year-old individuals in the community of Linköping (n = 373). The study was part of the Elderly in Linköping Screening Assessment 85 (ELSA 85). Even mild cognitive dysfunction correlated with impaired ability to perform activities of daily living and lower health-related quality of life.In study II, the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of Cognistat, a cognitive screening instrument, were evaluated for identifying individuals with cognitive impairment in a primary care population. Cognistat has relatively good diagnostic accuracy with a sensitivity of 0.85, a specificity of 0.79 and a Clinical Utility Index (CUI) of 0.72. The corresponding values were 0.59, 0.91 and 0.53 for the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and 0.26, 0.88 and 0.20 for the Clock Drawing Test (CDT).In study III, the aim was to develop an instrument measuring self-perceived or caregiver reported ability to perform everyday life activities in persons with suspected cognitive impairment or dementia and to perform psychometric testing of this instrument, named the Cognitive Impairment in Daily Life (CID). The CID was found to have good content validity.In study IV, experiences of cognitive impairment, its consequences in everyday life and the need for support in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia and their relatives were explored. Interviews were performed with five people with MCI, eight people with mild dementia and their relatives (n = 13). The main finding was that persons with MCI and dementia experienced cognitive changes that could be burdensome and result in changed activity patterns.In conclusion, the findings support earlier research and show that cognitive dysfunction even at mild stages has an impact on everyday life and reduces perceived quality of life. To improve interventions for persons with cognitive impairment, it is important to assess not only cognitive function but also its consequences in everyday life activities.
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| 10. |
- Kádár, Roland, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in nano-structured fluid flows for assembly into hierarchical biomaterials
- 2023
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - 0094-243X .- 1551-7616. - 9780735445475 ; 2997
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hierarchical biomaterials have their place in the context of developing novel material systems particularly in the framework of sustainability. The key to their development is in controlling their assembly into hierarchical orders at various lengthscales. Thus, flow can be an asset in e.g. controlling orientation, however, resolving the hierarchical orientation dynamics of such systems remains a challenge. We focus here mainly on cellulose nanocrystals water-based suspensions, however, the outline is representative of numerous nanostructured fluids.
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