| 1. |
- Asproth, Viveca, et al.
(författare)
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Rapport från GSS : Gränsöverskridande samarbete för säkerhet
- 2014
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektet Gränsöverbryggande Samverkan för Säkerhet (GSS) har syftat till att bidra till ökad säkerhet, och därmed också ökad livskvalitet, såväl för den befolkning som stadigvarande bor i gränslandet som de besökare som tillfälligt vistas i området. I detta syfte ligger också ökade möjligheter att rädda liv och hälsa samt att begränsa skador på miljö och materiella (ekonomiska) tillgångar. GSS fokuserar på den information och kunskap, som krävs i en räddnings-och krissituation. GSS sätter förberedelsearbetet i främsta rummet.Projektets gränsöverskridande mervärde har flera dimensioner:•Det ökar förståelse, tillit och samarbete mellan säkerhetsansvariga på ömse sidor nationsgränsen.•Myndigheter med säkerhetsansvar etablerar långsiktiga institutionella samarbeten runt säkerhet och krishantering.•Gränsregionens attraktionskraft ökar tack vare ökad säkerhet och förbättrad krishanteringsförmåga.•Den ömsesidiga kunskapen och förståelsen om förhållanden på andra sidan nationsgränsen ökar hos projektdeltagarna.Projektet har genomförts i form av tre årliga cykler bestående av scenarioskapande, ledningsövning och utvärdering. Resultatet från utvärderingarna har sedan legat till grund för nästa års cykel. Parallellt med detta har ettövningssystem utvecklats. Systemet innehåller scenariobank, övningar och stöd för dessa, play-backfunktion samt utvärderingsmodul inklusive statistikfunktioner. Utvärderingarna från övningarna finns i separat bilaga. Den första övningen genomfördes som en tabletop-övning vid Gränsräddningsrådets möte 2011. De två andra övningarna genomfördes så att deltagarna satt på sina respektive arbetsplatser och kunde kommunicera med varandra, dels via traditionella kommunikationsmedel, dels med hjälp av övningssystemet. Dessa övningar diskuterades sedan vid Gränsräddningsrådets möten.I framtagande av scenarios och övningar har personer från de verksamheter som skulle öva deltagit. Erfarenheterna från projektet är att behovet av övningar av det här slaget är stort. De deltagande organisationerna uttrycket att det varit mycket lärorikt att delta och man har skaffat sig nya kontakter och/eller utvecklat de kontakter man redan haft. Det har också visat sig att man haft direkt nytta av projektet vid verkliga händelser.Projektets kostnader har upplöpt till ca 3,2 mill. SEK och knappt 2,5 mill. NOK. Kostnader har huvudsakligen bestått i arbetstid och i någon mån av resor. Resekostnaden har minskat genom att projektet frekvent använt sig av distansteknik i stället för fysiska möten.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Behtoui, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Ungdomar, socialt kapital och stratifiering
- 2016. - 3
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Ingår i: Utbildning, arbete, medborgarskap. - Umeå : Borea. - 9789189140905 ; , s. 239-263
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Behtoui, Alireza, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Ungdomar, socialt kapital och stratifiering
- 2014. - 2
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Ingår i: Utbildning, arbete, medborgarskap. - Stockholm : Boréa Bokförlag. - 9789189140516 ; , s. 233-260
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Breznau, Nate, et al.
(författare)
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Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how researchers analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each teams workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings.
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| 6. |
- Kravchenko, Zhanna, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Extracurricular activities and educational ouctomes : evidence from high-performing schools in St Petersburg, Russia
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Studies in Sociology of Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0962-0214 .- 1747-5066. ; 32:4, s. 1106-1125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is based on a survey carried out among 2,428 ninth-graders from 64 high-performing schools in St. Petersburg, Russia. In the study, we examine the relationships between socioeconomic background, extracurricular participation, and educational outcomes. The findings demonstrate high levels of participation in out-of-school, compared to school-based, extracurricular activities. Extracurricular participation was also shown to be associated with better grades and, to some extent, with higher levels of university aspirations. The relatively small estimate sizes indicate, however, that extracurricular participation is not a major factor in differences in educational outcomes. Nevertheless, since participation was higher among socioeconomically more advantaged students, and grades and/or levels of university aspirations were higher among those who participated, we argue that extracurricular participation should be understood as part of social reproduction in Russia.
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| 7. |
- Nygård, Olav, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Access to Social Capital and Educational Returns for Children of Immigrants : Evidence from Three Swedish Studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Migration Research. - Helsingfors : Helsinki University Press. - 1799-649X. ; 10:2, s. 50-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we study whether social capital contributes to ethnic inequality in education or whether there is evidence of counter-stratification. We use data from three surveys of Swedish ninth-graders in different contexts to fit regression models for access to social capital and educational returns. Our results show that students with parents from Asia or Southeast Europe had equal or better access to social capital, compared to children with at least one parent born in Sweden. Results for children with African background were mixed. Regarding educational outcomes, we found similar rates of returns from social capital across groups. Better access to social capital thus seems to buffer against disadvantages for some, but not all, groups.
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| 8. |
- Nygård, Olav, 1982-
(författare)
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Early tracking and immigrant optimism: a comparative study of educational aspirations among students in disadvantaged schools in Sweden and the Netherlands
- 2017
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Ingår i: Comparative Migration Studies. - : Amsterdam University Press. - 2214-8590 .- 2214-594X. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational tracking affects both the trajectories and the composition of peers that students meet in school. This study compares the effect of significant others on students educational aspirations within two transition regimes: the more comprehensive Swedish system and the more stratified Dutch. Separating between doxic and habituated aspirations, I hypothesize that (1) aspirations among students in disadvantaged schools will be lower in the Netherlands than in Sweden; (2) the higher educational aspirations of girls and children of immigrants will disappear when significant others are controlled for; and (3) the positive effect of significant others is more marked among Swedish students than among Dutch due to greater student heterogeneity. The data comes from 3202 students in schools with low average grades in Sweden and the Netherlands. Results were in line with the hypothesis with one important exception. There was a marked difference in habituated aspirations but no difference in doxic aspirations between the Dutch and Swedish students. In conclusion, the findings suggest a) that early tracking systems creates a disconnect between students hopes and what they perceive as likely outcomes, and b) that the phenomenon termed "immigrant optimism" and "ethnic capital" reflects unequal access to social capital.
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| 9. |
- Nygård, Olav, 1982-
(författare)
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Educational Aspirations and Attainments : How resources relate to outcomes for children of immigrants in disadvantaged Swedish schools
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this dissertation, I study educational aspirations among children of immigrants in disadvantaged schools, the factors that influence them, and their relation to educational attainments. The dissertation is based on four research papers, each examining a specific research question using survey or registry data.In Study I, I examine the relationships between pre-migration status, post-migration social capital, and educational aspirations for young people in disadvantaged Swedish schools. High pre-migration status was positively associated with access to social capital, and both factors contributed to higher educational aspirations. This suggests that pre-migration resources influence the accumulation of post-migration resources, highlighting not only what is lost but also what is retained in migration.In Study II, I explore the extent to which social contexts influence students’ aspirations differently under different institutional settings. Early tracking was associated with less optimism about realizing educational aspirations for students in disadvantaged schools, and peer-group attitudes were more strongly associated with educational aspirations when tracking was later. This suggests that educational institutions affect aspirations by structuring both outcomes and students’ interactions.In Study III, I and Alireza Behtoui examine the extent to which access to, and educational returns from, social capital vary between children of immigrants and children of non-immigrants. Students with an immigrant background had equal or better access to social capital, compared to children with at least one parent born in Sweden, and similar rates of returns from social capital. Social capital thus seems to be a partial but incomplete buffer against disadvantages.In Study IV, I explore how migration background and family resources relate to differences in school-to-work trajectories among early school leavers. High pre-migration status was associated with a higher likelihood of education-oriented trajectories, but having an immigrant background was associated with slower labour market establishment. This suggests that children of immigrants are both affected by their families’ pre-migration past and the discrimination of the local labour market in the present during their school-to-work transitions.Taken together, the four studies indicate an interplay between resources lost, retained, and created in and after migration, but also suggest that these resources are often insufficient to compensate for disadvantages in the institutions of education and the labour market.
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