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- Engelbrekt, Kjell, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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A Reassertive Russia and an Expanded European Union
- 2010
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Ingår i: Russia and Europe. - London and New York : Routledge. - 9780415561051 ; , s. 1-16
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this volume three parameters that seem geared to directly influence the Russian-European relationship are of particular interest. The first concerns the norms, values and institutions that Russia presently embodies both internally and externally, and which from time to time clash with those of the EU. Most recently there has been significant contention regarding the democratic process and respect for human rights in the countries situated west and south of Russia, and indeed in Russia itself. A second parameter concerns Russia’s relationship to the EU and to European great powers such as Germany, France and Great Britain, each with a long historical lineage. But it also pertains to other states of central concern to Russia, Poland, Italy, and Spain. A third parameter concerns the relations between Russia and the states geographically located between the EU area and Russia but also the former Warzaw pact and Comecon countries most recently joining the EU. Any divergencies among states within the EU is bound to be exploited by Russia, especially when basic interests are involved, and there have been a little bit too much of such divergencies for a common EU strategy towards Russia to develop easily. In addition, the states of the ‘New Europe’ rather reinforce conflicts and deepen the existing rifts regarding democratization, human rights issues and energy dependence.
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| 4. |
- Engelbrekt, Kjell, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusions and Outlook
- 2010
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Ingår i: Russia and Europe. - London and New York : Routledge. - 9780415561051 ; , s. 249-255
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Frostfeldt, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Low molecular weight heparin (Dalteparin) as adjuvant treatment to thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction-a pilot study : BIOchemical markers in acute coronary syndromes (BIOMACS II)
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 33:3, s. 627-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial evaluated the effect of dalteparin as an adjuvant to thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction regarding early reperfusion, recurrent ischemia and patency at 24 h. BACKGROUND: Low-molecular-weight heparin, given subcutaneously twice daily without monitoring, might be an attractive alternative to conventional intravenous heparin in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: In 101 patients dalteparin/placebo 100 IU/kg was given just before streptokinase and a second injection 120 IU/kg after 12 h. Monitoring with continuous vector-ECG was done to obtain signs of early reperfusion and later ischemic episodes. Blood samples for myoglobin were obtained at start and after 90 min to evaluate signs of reperfusion. Coronary angiography was performed after 20-28 h to evaluate TIMI-flow in the infarct-related artery. RESULTS: Dalteparin added to streptokinase tended to provide a higher rate of TIMI grade 3 flow in infarct-related artery compared to placebo, 68% versus 51% (p = 0.10). Dalteparin had no effects on noninvasive signs of early reperfusion. In patients with signs of early reperfusion, there seemed to be a higher rate of TIMI grade 3 flow, 74% versus 46% (myoglobin) (p = 0.04) and 73% versus 52% (vector-ECG) (p = 0.11). Ischemic episodes 6-24 h. after start of treatment were fewer in the dalteparin group, 16% versus 38% (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: When dalteparin was added as an adjuvant to streptokinase and aspirin, there were tendencies for less ECG monitoring evidence of recurrent ischemia and better patency at 24 h, warranting further study.
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| 7. |
- Frostfeldt, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Possible reasons for the prognostic value of troponin-T on admission in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
- 2001
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Ingår i: Coronary Artery Disease. - 0954-6928 .- 1473-5830. ; 12:3, s. 227-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In patients with acute myocardial infarction and ST-segment elevation, increased troponin-T (TnT) on admission implies an increased mortality. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the prognostic value of TnT. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and one patients were included and all received thrombolytic treatment. The patients were compared according to TnT level on admission (cut-off 0.1 microg/l). Elevation of TnT was associated with long-term mortality and also with longer delay, more episodes of chest pain during the last 24 h and fewer noninvasive signs of reperfusion at 90 min. In the group with elevated TnT, the coronary angiography at 24 h showed a strong trend towards lower patency in the infarct-related artery. TnT was also associated with increased infarct size if a higher cut-off level (0.43 microg/l) was used. In univariate analysis, elevated TnT, longer delay, repeated chest pain, Q-waves on admission and reduced left ventricular (LV) function were significantly associated with long-term mortality. In multivariate models, only reduced LV function and less than TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) grade 3 flow turned out to be significant independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic value of TnT level on admission regarding long-term mortality was confirmed and seems mainly to be explained by its association with longer delay and recent myocardial damage, but its association with reduced effect of thrombolytic treatment, larger infarct size and impaired LV function might also be of importance.
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| 8. |
- Jönsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Governance in international Relations
- 2003
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Ingår i: Transitions: In Honour of Kjell Goldmann. - 9163139618 ; , s. 137-148
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this chapter is to outline and try to understand three contemporary uses of the term governance in international relations - good governance, global governance and multil-level governance - and discuss their interrelationship and compatibility.
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