| 1. |
- Wållberg, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Affinity recovery of eight HER2-binding affibody variants using an anti-idiotypic affibody molecule as capture ligand
- 2011
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Ingår i: Protein Expression and Purification. - : Elsevier BV. - 1046-5928 .- 1096-0279. ; 76:1, s. 127-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affibody molecules generated by combinatorial protein engineering to bind the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have in earlier studies proven to be promising tracers for HER2-mediated molecular imaging of cancer. Amino acid extensions either at the N- or C-terminus of these Z(HER2) affibody molecules, have been successfully employed for site-specific radiolabeling of the tracer candidates. Hexahistidyls or other tags, which would be convenient for recovery purposes, should be avoided since they could negatively influence the tumor targeting efficacy and biodistribution properties of the tracer. Using a new beta-lactamase-based protein fragment complementation assay (PCA), an affibody molecule was isolated which bound a Z(HER2) affibody molecule with sub-micromolar affinity, but not unrelated affibody molecules. This suggests that the interacting area include the HER2-binding surface of Z(HER2). This novel anti-idiotypic affibody molecule Z(E01) was produced in Escherichia coli, purified, and chemically coupled to a chromatography resin in order to generate an affibody-based affinity column, suitable for recovery of different variants of Z(HER2) affibody molecules, having a common binding surface for HER2. Eight such Z(HER2) affibody molecules, designed for future radioimaging investigations, having different C-terminal peptide extensions aimed for radioisotope (Tc-99m)-chelation, were successfully produced and recovered in a single step to high purity using the anti-idiotypic affibody ligand for the affinity purification. These results clearly suggest a potential for the development of anti-idiotypic affibody-based resins for efficient recovery of related variants of a target protein that might have altered biochemical properties, thus avoiding the cumbersome design of specific recovery schemes for each variant of a target protein.
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| 3. |
- Löfdahl, Per-Åke, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Affinity maturation of a TNF-α binding affibodymolecule by Darwinian survival selection
- 2010
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and applied biochemistry. - 0885-4513 .- 1470-8744. ; 55, s. 111-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of different methodologies for construction and screening ofcomplex protein libraries has provided powerful means in protein engineeringfor development of molecules with desired traits. A challenge faced in manysituations is to adapt a given methodology for efficient and rapid identification ofthe most interesting variants present in a library. In the present study, theconcept of Darwinian selection based on a growth advantage for clones havingthe desired trait has been investigated. Using a β-lactamase-based ProteinFragment Complementation Assay (PCA), an affinity maturation of a TNF-αbinding affibody molecule of an initial 2 nM affinity for the target has beenperformed. Initial characterization of the PCA system, based on the affinitydriven reconstitution of β-lactamase activity in the periplasm of cells harbouringa library member showing affinity for a co-expressed target protein, showed thatthe system was responsive to promoter induction level, interaction affinity andapplied selection pressure. Using combinatorial protein engineering principles, a107 library of second generation affibody molecules was constructed andsubjected to selection of improved variants by library growth in liquid culture.The results showed that after a pre-selection step on semi-solid media toeliminate non-binding variants, present in majority, two rounds of selection inliquid culture resulted in an enrichment for binders showing up ten-fold higheraffinity to the TNF-α target than the ancestral variant. Biosensor analysesshowed that the major factor for the improved affinity could be attributed toreduced off-rate constants.
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| 4. |
- Löfdahl, Per-Åke, 1959-
(författare)
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On bacterial formats in protein library technology
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Millions of years of evolution have resulted in an immense number of different proteins, which participate in virtually every process within cells and thus are of utmost importance for allknown forms of life. In addition, there are several examples of natural proteins which have found use in applications outside their natural environment, such as the use of enzymes infood industry and washing powders or the use of antibodies in diagnostic, bioseparation or therapeutic applications. To improve the performance of proteins in such applications, anumber of techniques, all collectively referred to as ‘protein engineering’, are performed in thelaboratory.Traditionally, methods involving ‘rational design’, where a few alterations are introduced atspecific protein locations to hopefully result in expected improvements have been applied.However, the use of more recent techniques involving a simultaneous construction of a large number of candidate variants (protein libraries) by various diversification principles, fromwhich rare clones showing enhanced properties can be isolated have contributed greatly to thefield of protein engineering.In the present thesis, different protein traits of biotechnological importance have beenaddressed for improvements by the use of such methods, in which there is a crucial need tomaintain a clonal link between the genotype and the phenotype to allow an identification of protein library members isolated by virtue of their functional properties. In all protein library investigations included in this thesis this coupling has been obtained by Escherichia coli bacterialcell-membrane compartmental confinement.In a first study, a combination of error prone PCR and gene-shuffling was applied to the Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV)-protease gene in order to produce collections from which genesencoding variants showing an enhanced soluble expression of the enzyme frequently used inbiotechnology to cleave fusion proteins were identified. Using Green Fluorescence Protein(GFP)-based cell fluorescence analysis, a clone with a five-fold increase in the yield of solubly produced protein was successfully isolated. In a second study, a novel and different GFPbased selection system, in addition also involving targeted in vivo protein degradation principles,was employed for investigations of the substrate sequence space of the same protease. In two additional studies, a selection system denoted Protein Fragment Complementation Assay(PCA), based on the affinity driven structural complementation of a genetically split β-lactamase enzyme was used to identify variants having desired target protein binding abilities,including both specificity and affinity. Using Darwinian principles concerning clonal growth advantages, affibody binding proteins showing sub-nanomolar dissociation constants to thehuman cytokine TNF-α were isolated. Taken together, these studies have shown that the bacterial format is very well suited for use in various aspects of protein library selection.
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| 5. |
- Löfdahl, Per-Åke, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Selection of TNF-alpha binding affibody molecules using a beta-lactamase protein fragment complementation assay
- 2009
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Ingår i: New Biotechnology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1871-6784 .- 1876-4347. ; 26:5, s. 251-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein fragment complementation assays (PCAs) based on different reporter proteins have been described as powerful tools for monitoring dynamic protein-protein interactions in living cells. The present study describes the construction of a PCA system based on genetic splitting of TEM-1 beta-lactamase for the selection of proteins specifically interacting in the periplasm of Escherichia coli bacterial cells, and its application for the selection of affibody molecules binding human tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from a combinatorial library. Vectors encoding individual members of a naive 10(9) affibody protein library fused to a C-terminal fragment of the beta-lactamase reporter were distributed via phage infection to a culture of cells harbouring a common construct encoding a fusion protein between a non-membrane anchored version of a human TNF-alpha target and the N-terminal segment of the reporter. An initial binding analysis of 29 library variants derived from surviving colonies using selection plates containing ampicillin and in some cases also the P-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam, indicated a stringent selection for target binding variants. Subsequent analyses showed that the binding affinities (K(D)) for three selected variants studied in more detail were in the range 14-27 nm. The selectivity in binding to TNF-alpha for these variants was further demonstrated in both a cross-target PCA-based challenge and the specific detection of a low nm concentration of TNF-alpha spiked into a complex cell lysate sample. Further, in a biosensor-based competition assay, the binding to TNF-alpha of three investigated affibody variants could be completely blocked by premixing the target with the therapeutic monoclonal antibody adalimumab (Humira (R)), indicating overlapping epitopes between the two classes of reagents. The data indicate that beta-lactamase PICA is a promising methodology for stringent selection of binders from complex naive libraries to yield high affinity reagents with selective target binding characteristics.
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| 6. |
- Stahl, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Recombinant expression of insulin C-peptide
- 1997
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The invention relates to a method for the preparation of insulin C-peptide which includes expressing in a host cell of a multimer polypeptide containing copies of the insulin C-peptide, and degradation of the expressed polypeptide for the release of individual copies of the insulin C-peptide. The invention also relates to molecules of the nucleinic acid, to vectors of expression and host cells for the application of this method and to multimer insulin C-polypeptide expressed and degraded in accordance with the method. 21 claims
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| 7. |
- Akter, Farhima, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of Antigens Using a Protein-DNA Chimera Developed by Enzymatic Covalent Bonding with phiX Gene A
- 2012
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 84:11, s. 5040-5046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemical reactions used to make antibody DNA conjugates in many immunoassays diminish antigen-binding activity and yield heterogeneous products. Here, we address these issues by developing an antibody-based rolling circle amplification (RCA) strategy using a fusion of phi X174 gene A* protein and Z(mab2s) (A*-Zmab). The phi X174 gene A* protein is an enzyme that can covalently link with DNA, while the Z(mab2s) protein moiety can bind to specific species of antibodies. The DNA in an A*-Zmab conjugate was attached to the A* protein at a site chosen to not interfere with protein function, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gel mobility shift analysis. The novel A*-Zmab-DNA conjugate retained its binding capabilities to a specific class of murine immunoglobulin gamma 1 (IgG1) but not to rabbit IgG. This indicates the generality of the A*-Zmab-based immuno-RCA assay that can be used in-sandwich ELISA format. Moreover, the enzymatic covalent method dramatically increased the yields of A*-Zmab-DNA conjugates up to 80% after a 15 min reaction. Finally, sensitive detection of human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was achieved by immuno-RCA using our fusion protein in sandwich ELISA format. This new approach of the use of site-specific enzymatic DNA conjugation to proteins should be applicable to fabrication of novel immunoassays for biosensing.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Allerbring, E. B., et al.
(författare)
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Unexpected T-cell recognition of an altered peptide ligand is driven by reversed thermodynamics
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 42:11, s. 2990-3000
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The molecular basis underlying T-cell recognition of MHC molecules presenting altered peptide ligands is still not wellestablished. A hierarchy of T-cell activation by MHC class I-restricted altered peptide ligands has been defined using the T-cell receptor P14 specific for H-2Db in complex with the immunodominant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus peptide gp33 (KAVYNFATM). While substitution of tyrosine to phenylalanine (Y4F) or serine (Y4S) abolished recognition by P14, the TCR unexpectedly recognized H-2Db in complex with the alanine-substituted semiagonist Y4A, which displayed the most significant structural modification. The observed functional hierarchy gp33 > Y4A > Y4S = Y4F was neither due to higher stabilization capacity nor to differences in structural conformation. However, thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that while recognition of the full agonist H-2Db/gp33 was strictly enthalpy driven, recognition of the weak agonist H-2Db/Y4A was instead entropy driven with a large reduction in the favorable enthalpy term. The fourfold larger negative heat capacity derived for the interaction of P14 with H-2Db/gp33 compared with H-2Db/Y4A can possibly be explained by higher water entrapment at the TCR/MHC interface, which is also consistent with the measured opposite entropy contributions for the interactions of P14 with both MHCs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that P14 makes use of different strategies to adapt to structural modifications in the MHC/peptide complex.
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