| 1. |
- Bergquist, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetics of Intravenously (DIZ101), Subcutaneously (DIZ102), and Intestinally (LCIG) Infused Levodopa in Advanced Parkinson Disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neurology. - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 99:10, s. E965-E976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives Intestinal levodopa/carbidopa gel infusion (LCIG) is superior to oral treatment in advanced Parkinson disease. The primary objective of this trial was to investigate whether continuous subcutaneous or intravenous infusion with a continuously buffered acidic levodopa/carbidopa solution yields steady-state plasma concentrations of levodopa that are equivalent in magnitude, and noninferior in variability, to those obtained with LCIG in patients with advanced Parkinson disease. Methods A concentrated acidic levodopa/carbidopa (8:1) solution buffered continuously and administered intravenously (DIZ101) or subcutaneously (DIZ102) was compared with an approved LCIG in a randomized, 3-period crossover, open-label, multicenter trial. Formulations were infused for 16 hours to patients with Parkinson disease who were using LCIG as their regular treatment. Patients were recruited from several university neurology clinics but came to the same phase I unit for treatment. Pharmacokinetic variables and safety including dermal tolerance are reported. The primary outcomes were bioequivalence and noninferior variability of DIZ101 and DIZ102 vs LCIG with respect to levodopa plasma concentrations. Results With dosing adjusted to estimated bioavailability, DIZ101 and DIZ102 produced levodopa plasma levels within standard bioequivalence limits compared with LCIG in the 18 participants who received all treatments. Although the levodopa bioavailability for DIZ102 was complete, it was 80% for LCIG. Therapeutic concentrations of levodopa were reached as quickly with subcutaneous administration of DIZ102 as with LCIG and remained stable throughout the infusions. Owing to poor uptake of LCIG, carbidopa levels in plasma were higher with DIZ101 and DIZ102 than with the former. All individuals receiving any of the treatments (n = 20) were included in the evaluation of safety and tolerability. Reactions at the infusion sites were mild and transient. Discussion It is feasible to rapidly achieve high and stable levodopa concentrations by means of continuous buffering of a subcutaneously administered acidic levodopa/carbidopa-containing solution.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Dongni, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Individualization of levodopa treatment using a microtablet dispenser and ambulatory accelerometry
- 2018
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Ingår i: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 1755-5930 .- 1755-5949. ; 24:5, s. 439-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This 4-week open-label observational study describes the effect of introducing a microtablet dose dispenser and adjusting doses based on objective free-living motor symptom monitoring in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Twenty-eight outpatients with PD on stable levodopa treatment with dose intervals of ≤4 hour had their daytime doses of levodopa replaced with levodopa/carbidopa microtablets, 5/1.25 mg (LC-5) delivered from a dose dispenser device with programmable reminders. After 2 weeks, doses were adjusted based on ambulatory accelerometry and clinical monitoring. Results: Twenty-four participants completed the study per protocol. The daily levodopa dose was increased by 15% (112 mg, P < 0.001) from period 1 to 2, and the dose interval was reduced by 12% (22 minutes, P = 0.003). The treatment adherence to LC-5 was high in both periods. The MDS-UPDRS parts II and III, disease-specific quality of life (PDQ-8), wearing-off symptoms (WOQ-19), and nonmotor symptoms (NMS Quest) improved after dose titration, but the generic quality-of-life measure EQ-5D-5L did not. Blinded expert evaluation of accelerometry results demonstrated improvement in 60% of subjects and worsening in 25%. Conclusions: The introduction of a levodopa microtablet dispenser and accelerometry aided dose adjustments improve PD symptoms and quality of life in the short term.
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| 3. |
- Aghanavesi, Somayeh, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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A multiple motion sensors index for motor state quantification in Parkinson's disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-2607 .- 1872-7565. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To construct a Treatment Response Index from Multiple Sensors (TRIMS) for quantification of motor state in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) during a single levodopa dose. Another aim was to compare TRIMS to sensor indexes derived from individual motor tasks. Method: Nineteen PD patients performed three motor tests including leg agility, pronation-supination movement of hands, and walking in a clinic while wearing inertial measurement unit sensors on their wrists and ankles. They performed the tests repeatedly before and after taking 150% of their individual oral levodopa-carbidopa equivalent morning dose.Three neurologists blinded to treatment status, viewed patients’ videos and rated their motor symptoms, dyskinesia, overall motor state based on selected items of Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III, Dyskinesia scale, and Treatment Response Scale (TRS). To build TRIMS, out of initially 178 extracted features from upper- and lower-limbs data, 39 features were selected by stepwise regression method and were used as input to support vector machines to be mapped to mean reference TRS scores using 10-fold cross-validation method. Test-retest reliability, responsiveness to medication, and correlation to TRS as well as other UPDRS items were evaluated for TRIMS. Results: The correlation of TRIMS with TRS was 0.93. TRIMS had good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.83). Responsiveness of the TRIMS to medication was good compared to TRS indicating its power in capturing the treatment effects. TRIMS was highly correlated to dyskinesia (R = 0.85), bradykinesia (R = 0.84) and gait (R = 0.79) UPDRS items. Correlation of sensor index from the upper-limb to TRS was 0.89. Conclusion: Using the fusion of upper- and lower-limbs sensor data to construct TRIMS provided accurate PD motor states estimation and responsive to treatment. In addition, quantification of upper-limb sensor data during walking test provided strong results. © 2019
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Brynolfsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Technical note : adapting a GE SIGNA PET/MR scanner for radiotherapy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0094-2405. ; 45:8, s. 3546-3550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Simultaneous collection of PET and MR data for radiotherapy purposes are useful for, for example, target definition and dose escalations. However, a prerequisite for using PET/MR in the radiotherapy workflow is the ability to image the patient in treatment position. The aim of this work was to adapt a GE SIGNA PET/MR scanner to image patients for radiotherapy treatment planning and evaluate the impact on signal-to-noise (SNR) of the MR images, and the accuracy of the PET attenuation correction. Method: A flat tabletop and a coil holder were developed to image patients in the treatment position, avoid patient contour deformation, and facilitate attenuation correction of flex coils. Attenuation corrections for the developed hardware and an anterior array flex coil were also measured and implemented to the PET/MR system to minimize PET quantitation errors. The reduction of SNR in the MR images due to the added distance between the coils and the patient was evaluated using a large homogenous saline-doped water phantom, and the activity quantitation errors in PET imaging were evaluated with and without the developed attenuation corrections. Result: We showed that the activity quantitation errors in PET imaging were within ±5% when correcting for attenuation of the flat tabletop, coil holder, and flex coil. The SNR of the MRI images were reduced to 74% using the tabletop, and 66% using the tabletop and coil holders. Conclusion: We present a tabletop and coil holder for an anterior array coil to be used with a GE SIGNA PET/MR scanner, for scanning patients in the radiotherapy work flow. Implementing attenuation correction of the added hardware from the radiotherapy setup leads to acceptable PET image quantitation. The drop in SNR in MR images may require adjustment of the imaging protocols.
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| 6. |
- Bökman, C.Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A Setup for the Coupling of a Thin-Layer Electrochemical Flow Cell to Electrospray Mass Spectrometry
- 2004
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. ; 76:7, s. 2017-2024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel setup for the coupling of commercially available thin-layer cell to electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) which allows the elctrochemical reactions at the counter electrode to be straightforwardly separated from the flow into the mass spectrometer has been developed. In this way interferences from reaction products formed at the counter electrode can be minimized. This reduces the risk of changes in the mass spectra as a result of electrochemical reactions in the solution. The described setup also enables the working electrode to be positioned close to the electrospray (ESI) emitter without the need for a grounding point or a long transfer line between the electrochemical cell and the electrospray emitter. By decoupling the electrochemical reactions in the flow cell and those in the electrospray emitter, improved facilities for studies of electrochemical reactions are obtained through a better control of the potential of the working electrode. The setup has been used to study the oxidation of a drug (Olsalazine), which previously has been found to involve chemical follow-up reactions. It is also demonstrated that uncharged thiols can be detected in ESI-MS after spontaneous adsorption on a gold working electrode, followed by oxidative desorption to yield sulfinates or sulfonates. This adsorption and potential-controlled desorption has been used for the preconcentration of micromolar concentrations of 1-hexanethiol as well as for desalting of solutions containing micromolar concentrations of thiols. The results indicate that the present on-line coupling of an electrochemical cell to ESI-MS provides promising possibilities for sample preconcentration, matrix exchange (including desalting), and ionization of neutral compounds, such as thiols.
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| 7. |
- Eskhult, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Current oscillations during chronoamperometric and cyclic voltammetric measurements in alkaline Cu(II)-citrate solutions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 53:5, s. 2188-2197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is demonstrated that current oscillations can be observed during chronoamperometric and cyclic voltammetric experiments in solutions containing 0.4 M CuSO4 and 1.2 M citrate at pH 11 and 50 degrees C. The oscillations, which are shown to originate from local variations in the pH, result in the deposition of nanostructured Cu and Cu2O materials. It is concluded that the current oscillations are analogous to the previously described potential oscillations obtained under controlled current conditions in alkaline Cu(II)-lactate, -tartrate and -citrate solutions. Rotating disk electrode results clearly show that the reduction of the Cu(II)-complexes is kinetically controlled and that the rate of the reduction increases with increasing pH and temperature. It is also shown that the presence of a cathodic peak on the anodic scan in the cyclic voltammograms can be used to identify the experimental conditions leading to the spontaneous current (or potential) oscillations. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance results indicate that the cathodic peak stems from an increased rate of the reduction of the Cu(II)-citrate complexes due to a rapid increase in the local pH. This causes Cu2O rather than Cu to be deposited which, however, results in a decrease in the local pH and a decreasing current. In situ ellipsometry data confirm that Cu2O deposition replaces that of Cu in the potential region of the cathodic peak. The present findings should facilitate syntheses of nanolayered materials based on spontaneous potential or current oscillations.
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| 8. |
- Forsberg, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication of boron doped diamond microband electrodes for electrochemical detection in a microfluidic channel
- 2011
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Ingår i: Diamond and related materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-9635 .- 1879-0062. ; 20:8, s. 1121-1124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The manufacturing and electrochemical characterisation of an array of 20 boron doped nanocrystalline diamond (BNCD) microband electrodes for use in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) based microfluidic system are described. The electrodes were fabricated by plasma etching of a silicon oxide- and BNCD thin film coated silicon wafer and the resulting surface structured silicon wafer was subsequently bonded to the PDMS so that the BNCD microband electrodes were located within the PDMS microchannel. The electrochemical performance of the BNCD electrodes was studied and the electrodes were found to exhibit significantly better stability than previously employed gold microband arrays.
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| 9. |
- Fredriksson, Wendy, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion Resistances and Passivation of Powder Metallurgical and Conventionally Cast 316L and 2205 Stainless Steels
- 2013
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 67, s. 268-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corrosion resistances and passivation of austenitic 316L and duplex 2205 powder metallurgical (P/M) steels, produced by employing gas atomizing and hot isostatic pressing (HIP), have been compared with those of their conventional cast and forged counterparts. The P/M 316L steel is shown to have a significantly higher pitting corrosion resistance than the conventional 316L steel in 0.5 M HCl. Since the chemical composition and the total amount of inclusions were analogous for the two steels, the effect is ascribed to the finer grained microstructure for the P/M 316L steel yielding a better passive layer. This is supported by photoelectron spectroscopy data demonstrating differences between the thickness and composition of the passive layers for the two 316 L steels. Differences in the passivation process were also found for the different steels as three mixed potentials were observed in the polarization curves for the P/M and conventional 316L steels whereas only one mixed potential at about +0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl was observed for the two duplex steels in 0.5 M HCl. The results indicate that discussions of the shapes of polarization curves and mixed potentials should be based on the anodic and cathodic partial currents, including the reduction of oxygen. HIP:ed P/M steels are clearly well-suited for applications requiring high pitting corrosion resistances.
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| 10. |
- Högström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Cation profiling of passive films on stainless steel bydeconvolution of angle-resolved X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy data
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A novel way of deconvoluting angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) data to determine cation depth profiles in oxide films on stainless steels for a ternarysystem is presented. The passive films investigated were formed on AISI 316L EN 1.4432 stainless steel at the open circuit potential (OCP) in deionized water and at potentialsfrom −1.5 to +1.5V vs. Ag/AgCl in two acidic electrolytes: 0.5m H2SO4 and acetic acidcontaining 0.02m Na2B4O7 · 10H2O and 1m H2O. The passive films were about 1–2nmthick and contained concentration gradients of iron, chromium and molybdenum. Ironwas found to be present on the surface, chromium was mainly enriched in the middle, andmolybdenum was only present and strongly enriched in the inner region of the passivefilm. The ability to determine cation profiles in nanometer-thin oxide films provides newpossibilities for tailoring the properties of passive films on stainless steels.
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