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- Falkenius Schmidt, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term linguistic outcome in adults with congenital cytomegalovirus infection
- 2024
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 56:1, s. 32-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCongenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common prenatal infection and the main infectious cause of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in developed countries. Long-term neuropsychological outcome of cCMV infection is still not well understood. This is the first study that presents linguistic follow-up data performed on adults who were infected in utero.MethodAll individuals from a universal newborn CMV screening study in Sweden sampled from 1977 to 1985 were invited to participate in a follow-up study. 34/71 persons (48%) with cCMV and 22/46 controls (48%) were enrolled. Participants were between 34 and 43 years. Linguistic ability was evaluated with two-word fluency tasks (FAS letter fluency and verb fluency), and a qualitative analysis of the participants’ word retrieval strategies was conducted.ResultsNo statistically significant group differences were found in the total number of retrieved words. When related to Swedish norm data, 43% of participants with cCMV infection, all asymptomatic at birth, had adequate results on both FAS and verb fluency tasks, compared to 86% of the controls. Education level was the most important factor for word fluency ability in both groups. Adults with cCMV infection and higher education levels used less effective retrieval strategies on FAS letter fluency than controls.ConclusionThis study suggests that adults with cCMV infection may have deficits in the word retrieval process, even in the absence of known neurodevelopmental disorders. Long-term effects of cCMV infection may exist even in those with asymptomatic infection at birth.
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| 2. |
- Lyalka, VF, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitation of postural limb reflexes in spinal rabbits by serotonergic agonist administration, epidural electrical stimulation, and postural training.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurophysiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0022-3077 .- 1522-1598.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In quadrupeds, spinalization in the thoracic region severely impairs postural control in the hindquarters. The goal of this study was to improve postural functions in chronic spinal rabbits by regular application of different factors: intrathecal injection of the 5-HT(2) agonist (±)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI), epidural electrical spinal cord stimulation (EES), and specific postural training (SPT). The factors were used either alone (SPT group) or in combination (DOI+SPT, EES+SPT, and DOI+EES+SPT groups) or not used (control group). It was found that in none of these groups did normal postural corrective movements in response to lateral tilts of the supporting platform reappear within the month of treatment. In control group, reduced irregular electromyographic (EMG) responses, either correctly or incorrectly phased in relation to tilts, were observed. By contrast, in DOI+SPT and EES+SPT groups, a gradual threefold increase in the proportion of correctly phased EMG responses (compared with control) was observed. The increase was smaller in DOI+EES+SPT and SPT groups. Dissimilarly to these long-term effects, short-term effects of DOI and EES were weak or absent. In addition, gradual development of oscillatory EMG activity in the responses to tilts, characteristic for the control group, was retarded in DOI+SPT, EES+SPT, DOI+EES+SPT, and SPT groups. Thus regular application of the three tested factors and their combinations caused progressive, long-lasting plastic changes in the isolated spinal networks, resulting in the facilitation of spinal postural reflexes and in the retardation of the development of oscillatory EMG activity. The facilitated reflexes, however, were insufficient for normal postural functions.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Tjernström, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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How to Uncover the Covert Saccade During the Head Impulse Test.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Otology & Neurotology. - 1537-4505. ; 33:9, s. 1583-1585
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The appearance of "covert" saccades in the head impulse test in patients with vestibular loss may lead to diagnostic misinterpretations. Here, we demonstrate a procedure that can convert covert eye saccades to overt when performing the head impulse test. PATIENTS: Patients with known vestibular deficits that have covert saccades during head impulse test. INTERVENTION: Diagnostic: random and sudden changes of the amplitude (degree of head turn) when performing the head impulse test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Evaluation of bedside test with video recording and registration from video head impulse test (v-HIT). RESULTS: A video recording and registration from v-HIT that demonstrate the covert saccades of a subject and how the overt saccade is uncovered by changing the amplitude of the head impulse. Five cases are briefly presented. CONCLUSION: By performing the head impulse test with random amplitudes, overt saccades may become detectable and advance accuracy in bedside diagnosis of vestibular deficits.
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| 5. |
- Zelenin, Pavel V, et al.
(författare)
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Activity of motor cortex neurons during backward locomotion.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurophysiology. - 0022-3077.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forward walking (FW) and backward walking (BW) are two important forms of locomotion in quadrupeds. Participation of the motor cortex in the control of FW has been intensively studied, while cortical activity during BW has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze locomotion-related activity of the motor cortex during BW, and compare it to that during FW. For this purpose, we recorded activity of individual neurons in the cat during BW and FW. We found that the discharge frequency in almost all neurons was modulated in the rhythm of stepping during both FW and BW. However, the modulation patterns during BW and FW were different in 80% of neurons. To determine the source of modulating influences (forelimb controllers versus hindlimb controllers), the neurons were recorded not only during quadrupedal locomotion, but also during bipedal locomotion (with either forelimbs or hindlimbs walking), and their modulation patterns were compared. We found that during BW (like during FW), modulation in some neurons was determined by inputs from limb controllers of only one girdle, while the other neurons received inputs from both girdles. The combinations of inputs could depend on the direction of locomotion. Most often (in 51% of forelimb-related neurons and in 34% of the hindlimb-related neurons), the neurons received inputs only from their own girdle when this girdle was leading, and from both girdles when this girdle was trailing. This reconfiguration of inputs suggests flexibility of the functional roles of individual cortical neurons during different forms of locomotion.
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| 6. |
- Zelenin, Pavel V, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of Different Limb Controllers to Modulation of Motor Cortex Neurons during Locomotion.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of Neuroscience. - 1529-2401. ; 31:12, s. 49-4636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During locomotion, neurons in motor cortex exhibit profound step-related frequency modulation. The source of this modulation is unclear. The aim of this study was to reveal the contribution of different limb controllers (locomotor mechanisms of individual limbs) to the periodic modulation of motor cortex neurons during locomotion. Experiments were conducted in chronically instrumented cats. The activity of single neurons was recorded during regular quadrupedal locomotion (control), as well as when only one pair of limbs (fore, hind, right, or left) was walking while another pair was standing. Comparison of the modulation patterns in these neurons (their discharge profile with respect to the step cycle) during control and different bipedal locomotor tasks revealed several groups of neurons that receive distinct combinations of inputs from different limb controllers. In the majority (73%) of neurons from the forelimb area of motor cortex, modulation during control was determined exclusively by forelimb controllers (right, left, or both), while in the minority (27%), hindlimb controllers also contributed. By contrast, only in 30% of neurons from the hindlimb area was modulation determined exclusively by hindlimb controllers (right or both), while in 70% of them, the controllers of forelimbs also contributed. We suggest that such organization of inputs allows the motor cortex to contribute to the right-left limbs' coordination within each of the girdles during locomotion, and that it also allows hindlimb neurons to participate in coordination of the movements of the hindlimbs with those of the forelimbs.
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