| 1. |
- Jönbrink, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Create Competitiveness In A Sustainable Society : - Use Ecodesign, In Cooperation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Design for Innovative Value Towards a Sustainable Society. - Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. ; , s. 430-433
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper will describe a new methodology for the use of Ecodesign, where various competences are combined to obtain high quality results. The competences needed are: Environmental experts, who can evaluate the environmental performance of a product or service through Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, material- and process experts for the materials and processes in the targeted product or service, experts of the final product or service who can provide high quality data for the LCA. This cross functional team can develop new products or services, with high performance combined with low environmental impact, applying ecodesign when cooperating closely. Using this methodology is a feasible way to obtain improved competitiveness for the industry in a sustainable society.
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| 2. |
- Al-Maqdasi, Zainab, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Wood and Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) Reinforced Polymer Composites
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI. - 1996-1944. ; 13:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the utilization of commercial masterbatches of graphene nanoplatelets to improve the properties of neat polymer and wood fiber composites manufactured by conventional processing methods. The effect of aspect ratio of the graphene platelets (represented by the different number of layers in the nanoplatelet) on the properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is discussed. The composites were characterized for their mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, impact) and physical characteristics (morphology, crystallization, and thermal stability). The effect of the addition of nanoplatelets on the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the reinforced polymer with different contents of reinforcement was also investigated. In general, the mechanical performance of the polymer was enhanced at the presence of either of the reinforcements (graphene or wood fiber). The improvement in mechanical properties of the nanocomposite was notable considering that no compatibilizer was used in the manufacturing. The use of a masterbatch can promote utilization of nano-modified polymer composites on an industrial scale without modification of the currently employed processing methods and facilities.
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| 3. |
- Al-Maqdasi, Zainab, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Wood fiber composites with added multifunctionality
- 2018
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Ingår i: ECCM 2018 - 18th European Conference on Composite Materials. - : Applied Mechanics Laboratory. - 9781510896932
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are used to enhance the mechanical properties and functionality of wood plastic composite (WPC) targeting applications such as de-icing or anti-icing and fast thermal diffusivity. The GNPs are integrated into neat polymer using a masterbatch containing functionalized graphene by melt compounding through a twin-screw extruder without the use of any coupling agent or compatibilizer. The same manufacturing process (melt compounding) but with the use of compatibilizer is employed to produce WPC with nano-doped matrix. The effect of different GNP loadings (up to 15 wt.%) on morphology, crystallinity, mechanical and thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites and the WPCs was investigated. It was found that both strength and modulus of nanocomposites, in tension and bending, were increased with the addition of GNPs. With the aid of MAPE compatibilizer WPCs show higher flexural strength and modulus than neat polymer. GNP has marginal effect on the flexural stress but further increases flexural modulus of WPC. The preliminary results related to the thermal conductivity of studied materials indicate that the incorporation of GNP may be beneficial for faster and more uniform heat distribution in WPC.
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| 4. |
- Andersons, J., et al.
(författare)
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Scale effect of the tensile strength of flax-fabric-reinforced polymer composites
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of reinforced plastics and composites (Print). - : SAGE Publications. - 0731-6844 .- 1530-7964. ; 30:23, s. 1969-1974
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of UD natural fiber composites, considered for application as structural materials, necessitates evaluation of the scale effect of their strength. Alignment of the fibers in flax bast fiber composites can be achieved by employing textile reinforcement, such as yarns and fabrics. Cutting specimens for mechanical tests out of such textile-reinforced composite plates results in a complex non-uniform reinforcement structure at their edges, which may affect the strength of specimens. Scale effect of the tensile strength in the fiber direction of flax-fabric-reinforced composites is studied in the current work. A model accounting for both volume and edge effect of the specimens on their tensile strength is proposed. © The Author(s) 2011.
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| 5. |
- Gong, Guan, et al.
(författare)
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Development of electrophoretic deposition prototype for continuous production of carbon nanotube-modified carbon fiber fabrics used in high-performance multifunctional composites
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fibers. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-6439. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An electrophoretic deposition (EPD) prototype was developed aiming at the continuous production of carbon nanotube (CNT) deposited carbon fiber fabric. Such multi-scale reinforcement was used to manufacture carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The overall objective was to improve the mechanical performance and functionalities of CFRP composites. In the current study, the design concept and practical limit of the continuous EPD prototype, as well as the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength, were the focus. Initial mechanical tests showed that the flexural stiffness and strength of composites with the developed reinforcement were significantly reduced with respect to the composites with pristine reinforcement. However, optical microscopy study revealed that geometrical imperfections, such as waviness and misalignment, had been introduced into the reinforcement fibers and/or bundles when being pulled through the EPD bath, collected on a roll, and dried. These defects are likely to partly or completely shadow any enhancement of the mechanical properties due to the CNT deposit. In order to eliminate the effect of the discovered defects, the pristine reinforcement was subjected to the same EPD treatment, but without the addition of CNT in the EPD bath. When compared with such water-treated reinforcement, the CNT-deposited reinforcement clearly showed a positive effect on the flexural properties and interlaminar shear strength of the composites. It was also discovered that CNTs agglomerate with time under the electric field due to the change of ionic density, which is possibly due to the electrolysis of water (for carboxylated CNT aqueous suspension without surfactant) or the deposition of ionic surfactant along with CNT deposition (for non-functionalized CNT aqueous suspension with surfactant). Currently, this sets time limits for the continuous deposition.
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| 6. |
- Gong, Guan, et al.
(författare)
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Development of polyethylene/nanoclay masterbatch for use in wood-plastic composites
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plastics, rubber and composites. - 1465-8011 .- 1743-2898. ; 42:4, s. 167-175
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, organoclay reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites were prepared at laboratory scale using a batch mixer. Processing conditions, maleic anhydride modified polyethylene (MAPE) type and MAPE/clay weight ratio were optimised. The microstructure of the resultant nanocomposites was analysed by X-ray diffraction and melt rheology tests, and flexural properties and thermal stability were evaluated. Three types of MAPEs with different melt flow indices (MFI) and maleic anhydride contents all improved the interaction between HDPE and clay and promoted clay dispersion. Nanocomposites where the MAPE with MFI most similar to HDPE was used showed the best exfoliation of clay and the strongest HDPE/clay interface. Mechanical properties were slightly improved, while thermal stability was distinctly enhanced in these HDPE nanocomposites compared with neat HDPE and HDPE nanocomposite without MAPE. The prepared HDPE nanocomposites show the potential to improve the thermal stability of wood-plastic composites for structural applications. © 2013 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining.
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| 7. |
- Gong, Guan, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced thermal stability and flame retarding properties of recycled polyethylene based wood composites via addition of polyethylene/nanoclay masterbatch
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plastics, rubber and composites. - 1465-8011 .- 1743-2898. ; 42:6, s. 244-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barrier and mechanical properties of wood powder composites based on recycled polyethylene (RPE) were modified using a commercial nanoclay masterbatch. X-ray diffraction, dynamic rheology and thermogravimetric analysis measurements showed that nanoclay from the selected masterbatch was well dispersed and formed a percolation network in both virgin and RPEs. The resulting nanocomposites promoted the thermal stability of matrix significantly. Modification efficiency of nanoclay, however, was evidently influenced by the type of matrix, where the strongest effect was achieved in a low viscosity virgin high density PE. The masterbatch was incorporated into an industrial formula designed extrusion quality RPE/wood flour composite. Processing procedures, mainly compounding cycles, and material composition, mainly clay content and type of coupling agent, were optimised. Two extrusion cycles led to higher uniformity of resulting composites than one cycle. Addition of a coupling agent, which has medium viscosity and plenty functional groups, led to enhanced tensile strength. The twice compounded composites were well stiffened and strengthened via combination of 6 wt-% clay and medium viscosity coupling agent. All composites without the addition of nanoclay burned faster after ignition and dripped much earlier and more compared to the composites containing nanoclay even with as small amount as 3 wt-% and being compounded once. The material with 6 wt-% clay showed the best sample integrity and burned slowest of all the tested composites. Furthermore, no dripping during combustion was seen for this material. This study shows that the incorporation of nanoclay using the selected masterbatch can effectively improve the flame retarding properties of RPE based wood composites.
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| 8. |
- Gong, Guan, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental verification of Re-Fib method for recycling fibres from composites
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer and Composites Science. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 2055-0359 .- 2055-0340. ; 2:1, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new concept, Re-Fib, was developed within an EU project, REFORM, to recycle carbon and glass fibres from polymeric composite structures, aiming to reduce energy consumption and degradation of fibre properties during recycling. The optimized thermolysis treatment, 24 h at 380 °C, was verified able to recover clean fibres from most tested composite structures containing different thermoset resins (epoxy, vinyl ester, and polyester) and various core materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), and wood. Single-fibre test was performed in dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The reduction of strength was found around 26% for carbon fibres and 34–40% for glass fibres. Thermally recycled glass fibres were melt-compounded with recycled polypropylene (rPP); the resultant composites showed promising mechanical properties.
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| 9. |
- Gong, Guan, et al.
(författare)
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SCALING-UP PRODUCTION OF CNT-COATEDFIBRE REINFORCEMENT USING CONTINUOUS EPDFOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE ANDMULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITES
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Itis important within the composite community to improve out-of-plane performance ofcomposites dominated by polymer matrix and properties of matrix-rich regions formed in the gapsbetween the interlaced fibre bundles. These properties are difficult to modify with traditional fibrereinforcement. Various nanoscale materials have been explored for such purpose, among which carbonnanotube (CNT) has been suggested as an ideal candidate because of its outstanding mechanical,electrical and thermal properties (1). Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is considered as a cost-effectivemethod to deposit CNTs onto substrates with mild working conditions, requiring relatively simpleequipment and being amenable to scaling up (2,3). Due to the shortcoming of existing laboratory setupwhich corresponds to a non-continuous process, EPD has not been used at even a pilot plant scale fornano-coated fibre reinforcement. The current work presents the development of a prototype andmethod for continuous EPD process. Geometric defect of fibre reinforcement introduced during thedeposition, which can shadow the reinforcing effect of CNT deposit, was discovered. Enhancement ofcomposite properties by the CNT deposit was hence shown.
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| 10. |
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