| 1. |
- Fryk, Emanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Microdialysis and proteomics of subcutaneous interstitial fluid reveals increased galectin-1 in type 2 diabetes patients
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 65:7, s. 998-1006
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To identify a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes by comparing the subcutaneous interstitial fluid from type 2 diabetes patients and healthy men. Methods. Proteomics was performed on the interstitial fluid of subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained by microdialysis from 7 type 2 diabetes patients and 8 healthy participants. 851 proteins were detected, of which 36 (including galectin-1) showed significantly altered expression in type 2 diabetes. We also measured galectin-1 expression in: (1) adipocytes isolated from adipose tissue biopsies from these participants; (2) subcutaneous adipose tissue of 24 obese participants before, during and after 16 weeks on a very low calorie diet (VLCD); and (3) adipocytes isolated from 6 healthy young participants after 4 weeks on a diet and lifestyle intervention to promote weight gain. We also determined the effect of galectin-1 on glucose uptake in human adipose tissue. Results. Galectin-1 protein levels were elevated in subcutaneous dialysates from type 2 diabetes compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). In agreement, galectin-1 mRNA expression was increased in adipocytes from the type 2 diabetes patients (p < 0.05). Furthermore, galectin-1 mRNA expression was decreased in adipose tissue after VLCD (p < 0.05) and increased by overfeeding (p < 0.05). Co-incubation of isolated human adipocytes with galectin-1 reduced glucose uptake (p < 0.05) but this was independent of the insulin signal. Conclusion. Proteomics of the interstitial fluid in subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo identified a novel adipokine, galectin-1, with a potential role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Food systems sustainability - For whom and by whom? : An examination of different 'food system change' viewpoints
- 2018
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Ingår i: Development Research Conference 2018: “Rethinking development”, 22–23 August 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The United Nations identifies the food crisis as one of the primary overarching challenges facing the international community. Different stakeholders in the food system have widely different perspectives and interests, and challenging structural issues, such as the power differentials among them, remain largely unexamined. These challenges make rational discourse among food system actors from different disciplines, sectors and levels difficult. These challenges can often prevent them from working together effectively to find innovative ways to respond to food security challenges. This means that finding solutions to intractable and stuck issues, such as the food crisis often stall, not at implementation, but at the point of problem identification. Food system sustainability means very different things to different food system actors. These differences in no way undermine or discount the work carried out by these players. However, making these differences explicit is an essential activity that would serve to deepen theoretical and normative project outcomes. Would the impact and reach of different food projects differ if these differences were made explicit? The purpose of this initial part of a wider food system research project is not to search for difference or divergence, with the aim of critique, but rather to argue that by making these differences explicit, the overall food system project engagement will be made more robust, more inclusive and more encompassing. This paper starts with some discussion on the different food system perspectives, across scales, regions and sectors but focuses primarily on the design of processes used to understand these divergent and at times contradictory views of what a sustainable food system may be. This paper draws on ongoing work within the Mistra Urban Futures project, using the food system projects in cities as diverse as Cape Town, Manchester, Gothenburg and Kisumu as sites for this enquiry.
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| 4. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Architectural Engineering Approach to Developing a Matrix for Planning in Extreme Environments
- 2014
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Ingår i: 14th ASCE International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environments. Proceedings. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers. - 9780784479179
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extreme environments on Earth share similar facilities and operations, design and planning challenges. Each environment presents special lessons regarding housing design, crew/staff operations and training, and equipment and logistical requirements for human activities. The paper discusses these challenges and lessons. Recurrent and specific to environment and conditions events are outlined and categorized based on case studies reviews and literature summary. Understanding of relationships and influences between different facets of human society and architecture can help to find a design approach which would optimize needs and requirements for various types of people living in different environments, societies and cultures. Environmental conditions affecting architectural requirements include form developing factors, site orientation and circulation, and budget considerations. They have to be addressed at the programming design stage in order to avoid costly adjustments at later development stages. It is even more critical in case of designing for challenging environments.
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| 5. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Testing and evaluating sustainable design practices
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the International Conference on Architectural Research ARCC/EAAE, 12-15 February, 2014 Honolulu.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- his paper presents an in-progress design research conducted by teachers and students of Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden) and the University of Houston (USA), in the form of a Habitation Laboratory (HabLab) (Nystrom, et al. 2000) design studio and in connection with a Sustainable Living Lab project.The ‘HSB Sustainable Living Lab’, is a collaborative effort between the largest Swedish cooperative housing association, HSB, and Johanneberg Science Park, and will be built in 2014 as a student housing, located on Chalmers main campus. Its location offers a unique opportunity to merge research, education and outreach. A 400 m2 three-story building will accommodate 25-30 students and guest researchers. Student units are designed to be flexible and adaptable to possible layout adjustments and changes throughout a ten-year building permit timeframe. The structure will also include additional facilities such as an exhibition area, a common laundry room and various meeting zones. The paper identifies and investigates experiments in sustainable design education through the use of a design studio as the first stage within the larger “Sustainable Living Lab” research and building environment project. The goal of the educational initiative is implementing practice and construction experience into the learning process by combining hands-on approaches with theoretical development in trans-disciplinary real-life contexts, where design serves as a link between practices and disciplines. This is argued to be essential in the shaping of future responsible architectural practices. Possible applications of lessons learned for the design of future environments is a key inquiry. The project objectives are: developing participatory and user-centered design research methodologies and measures, as well as studying how sustainable innovations are applied and perceived in the living environments of everyday life.
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| 6. |
- Gustin, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Joint Impact of Iodine, Selenium, and Zinc Status on Women's Third-Trimester Plasma Thyroid Hormone Concentrations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1541-6100 .- 0022-3166. ; 152:7, s. 1737 -1746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Iodine is essential for synthesizing thyroid hormones, but other micronutrients are also required for optimal thyroid function. However, there is a lack of data on combined micronutrient status in relation to thyroid hormones in pregnancy. Objectives We aimed to assess the joint associations of iodine, selenium, and zinc status with plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in pregnancy. Methods We included 531 pregnant women (aged 22-40 y) participating in a Swedish birth cohort who provided blood and spot urine samples in gestational weeks 27-33 (mean: 29). Associations of urinary iodine concentration (UIC), plasma selenium concentration, and plasma zinc concentration (measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) with plasma hormone concentrations [total and free thyroxine (tT4, fT4), total and free triiodothyronine (tT3, fT3), and TSH] were explored with Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR; n = 516; outliers excluded) and multivariable-adjusted linear regression (n = 531; splined for nonlinear associations). Results Median (IQR) micronutrient concentrations were 112 mu g/L (80-156 mu g/L) for UIC, 67 mu g/L (58-76 mu g/L) for plasma selenium, and 973 mu g/L (842-1127 mu g/L) for plasma zinc; the former 2 median values were below recommended concentrations (150 mu g/L and 70 mu g/L, respectively). Mean +/- SD TSH concentration was 1.7 +/- 0.87 mIU/L, with 98% < 4 mIU/L. BKMR showed a positive trend of joint micronutrient concentrations in relation to TSH. Plasma zinc was most influential for all hormones but tT3, for which plasma selenium was most influential. In adjusted linear regression models, zinc was positively associated with tT4, tT3, and TSH, and <1200 mu g/L also with fT4 and fT3. Selenium was inversely associated with fT3, and Conclusions Pregnant women's plasma TSH concentrations in the early third trimester increased with increasing joint status of iodine, selenium, and zinc. Zinc and selenium were more influential than iodine for the hormone concentrations. Multiple micronutrients need consideration in future studies of thyroid hormone status.
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| 7. |
- Hagbert, Pernilla, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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BEYOND GREEN - the unsustainable home in the environmentally adapted building
- 2013
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Ingår i: 10th European Academy of Design Conference - Crafting the Future, 17-19 April, 2013, Göteborg.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Last years have shown a rapid development of low-energy construction in Sweden. On the whole, environmental consideration in the construction sector can no longer be considered marginal. Of interest to this paper is whether the same effort is made to facilitate sustainable homes as is made to produce environmentally adapted residential buildings? While environmental and technical dimensions of sustainable building has predominated the agenda since the mid 1990s, social and cultural dimensions have had more of a recent focus. An increasing number of studies point to the need to go beyond technical solutions to solve environmental problems related to the built environment. There is a need for major behavioral changes, supported by the provision of living environments with a physical infrastructure for enabling more sustainable ways of residing. This paper presents a study of a multi-family residential area in Göteborg called Kvillebäcken, a new urban development with high ambitions to mitigate the impact of new housing on the global climate as well as the local environment. The study is primarily based on statistical data and interviews with property developers. The findings are examined in relation to general statistical data and theory, and arranged according to three main themes of individual demand, spatial norms and standards/comfort, influencing the absolute impact of housing development on the creation of sustainable living environments. The study shows that outspoken aims of creating ways of residing that radically challenge the normative and resource intense concept of “the good urban home” appear to be lacking. It is concluded that design might hold a bigger role in the shift towards smaller and better performing dwellings in order to offer residential quality while reducing the environmental impact of living environments.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hammarlund, Kina, 1955-
(författare)
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Riskfyllda möten : en studie om unga människors upplevelser av sexuellt överförbara infektioner och sexuellt risktagande
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of the present thesis is to contribute to the knowledge in young people´s experiences, thoughts and norms regarding sexually transmitted infections (STI) and sexual risk-taking. The specific aims are two-fold. The first aim is to explain and understand young Swedish men and women´s lived experience of an STI, in this case genital warts (I, II). The second is to explain and understand the values and attitudes of young men and women to sexual risk-taking (III) in relation to perceptions of gender (IV). The theoretical perspectives are a reflective lifeworld approach, hermeneutic and gender perspectives. The thesis is based on individual interviews (I, II) and focus groups (III, IV). The results show that a young person infected by an STI, will experience encounters at different levels. A person with an STI is forced to meet him/herself and their own prejudices. Loss of innocence is highly significant and symbolic for women, while other person´s attitudes are more important for men (I, II). Also, being a disease carrier is of great significance, which has an impact on their views of future meaningful relationships (II). Sexual risk-taking, such as it was expressed in the focus groups with young people, revealed a pattern that is described as a ‘game’. In that game, a dialogue might feel more intimate than intercourse. These teenagers often view their one night stand partners as objects, as opposed to love relationships where they are viewed as subjects, i.e. persons to be cared for. Engaging in sexual risk-taking often starts at a club where these teenagers pretend that they are spontaneous (III). This game is further illuminated in a secondary analysis with a gender perspective. There are frequent misunderstandings between young men and women that are based on gender constructions, which derive from lack of communication. Hence, they have to take part in a balancing act while shaping their sexual identity and trying to maintain their self-esteem. For these young women, this also concerns not getting a bad reputation. In this act of balance, it is difficult to discuss sexuality and how to protect one’s sexual health (IV). The discussion emphasizes that a professional caring dialogue with young people about STI: s and sexual-risk taking must have reference in the young person´s own reality. Thus, professional health care workers who meet a young person infected with an STI appear to face a challenging task. This involves helping reduce anxiety by defusing the situation, and at the same time to make the person understand the importance of using a condom in order to prevent STI: s.
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| 10. |
- Hansson, Helena, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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A Transdisciplinary Research Approach: Challenges and Benefits of Co-production
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cumulus Johannesburg. Design with the Other 90%: Changing the World by Design. - 9780620603737
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problems concerning Sustainable Urban Development are complex and can no longer be dealt only within pre-existing disciplines and structures for planning and decision-making. (Mistra Urban Futures (MUF) Handbook 2013) “A key characteristic of scientific approaches that focus on contributing to sustainability is participation. In the scientific sphere, this includes the integration of different types of scientific and non-scientific knowledge. One of the most popular concepts used to refer to this type of participatory work is transdisciplinary research”. (Polk 2014). Research projects based on joint-knowledge production are unusual, and there are few real templates to follow. (MUF Handbook 2013) This paper describes a case study, connected to the MUF interactive platform in Kisumu . The research students describe and reflect on the situation to understand what challenges and opportunities a transdisciplinary approach gives to the over-all process. It aims to produce outcomes that can be further implemented and support researchers working in practice based transdisciplinary projects. Initial Findings: -Complexity takes time and requires an open mind-set and ability to work with multiple framings. -Trust-building ability is a key - to be present, transparent and build dialogues -A Shared ownership of the process is necessary -Prototyping and establishing a Shared Digital Working Space with Easy Access are a useful co-creative method to implement knowledge -Reflection and Facilitation is needed to support and deepen the collaborative working process
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