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- Bauer, Peter, 1992-
(författare)
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När slutar invandrarna vandra? : Integrationsfrågan i statlig, kommunal och skolpolitisk diskurs 1967–2000
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last three decades of the 20th century Swedish immigrant policy went through a profound change. In the late 1960s immigrant policy were based on assimilation but during the 1970’s and 1980’s this policy was exchanged to multicultural guidelines. These multicultural guidelines were however abandoned in the late 1990s when integration became a key word in the debate about immigrants. This thesis investigates how these changes were made possible by a shifting understanding of immigrants in state and local discourse (the last represented by Malmö municipality) by operationalizing Carol Lee Bacchis What’s the problem represented to be analysis. Previous research has shown that the social category of immigrants during the first six decades of the 20th century understood immigrants as a threat towards the Swedish race and later the welfare state. From this perspective immigrant policy can be seen as the result of the creation of a problematized immigrant subject, a tendency that is also the case for later decades. The investigation shows that immigrants in the early 1970’s were mainly understood from a class and welfare perspective. During this period immigrants were seen as a threat towards the social cohesion of the welfare state as well as the social democratic ambitions of a raised standard of living for the working class. This understanding led to the development of a multicultural policy where immigrant culture was supported within state and local politics and by structural changes in the education system, aiming to include the category in civic life and improve their living conditions. In the years between 1976 and 1985 the understanding of immigrants however changed. During this period immigrants became increasingly problematized for their lack of employment and a cultural difference. During the end of this period the multicultural policy changed from an emphasis on culture as a resource for social inclusion to that some parts of of a Swedish identity were not subject of choice. Furthermore, this period also lead to increased efforts at the individual level, were the policy aimed to give individual immigrants increased chances at the labor market. During the last fifteen years the 20th century immigrant policy became increasingly politicized, and immigrants became understood as radically culturally different from swedes. In this period immigrant culture were constructed as oppressive towards women and outdated when compared to the modern Swedish culture. Furthermore, the notion of immigrants as unemployed from previous decades continued to play an important part and immigrants were also conceived as living segregated. This view resulted in the creation of integration policies aiming to not handle immigrants as a from the general population different group. Instead, immigrants should become integrated in Swedish society through the general welfare with an emphasis that not all parts of a Swedish identity were choose able.The result of the investigation show that European culture became increasingly normative in the development of Swedish migrant policy, thus excluding European immigrants from the problematized immigrant subject. Thereby the globalization of migration towards Sweden led to a development were immigrant policy shifted focus from class to cultural perspectives.
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- Berndt, Josefine, 1989-
(författare)
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Polisfrågan i svensk politik : Reformer och institutionell förändring 1875-1965
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates changes in the institutional structures of the Swedish police from the late nineteenth century to the post-war era. State-appointed investigative commissions and parliamentary debates about police reforms are analysed in order to establish the long-term political goals of policing. Until the nationalisation of the entire police system in 1965, the Swedish police consisted of three main institutions: municipal city police, municipal rural police, and regional state police forces. Conceptually, the divide lay mainly between urban and rural policing.In the cities, poor working conditions brought the idea of a unifying Police Act to the fore, and Parliament decided on national regulations in 1925. In the countryside, the main issue was with policing itself. Local authorities did not have enough resources to adequately maintain order and investigate crimes. This was addressed by a number of reforms attempting to solve the problem by issuing state subsidiaries, diverting resources from nearby cities, and adding new police forces to the countryside.Policing was defined as a state interest by most politicians from left to right, and from an early-stage nationalisation of the different police forces was established as a long-term political goal. Conceptually, the differences between cities and the countryside decreased over time, making the idea of a single national police institution more and more attractive. Conflicting ideas about the short-term solutions to problems in urban and rural districts, however, affected Parliament’s ability to implement reform, making it increasingly difficult to merge the three police institutions and to take the necessary steps towards nationalisation. This can be explained through historical institutionalism and the lock-in effects of path dependence. The institutional structures of the city police, rural police, and regional police made cooperation unfavourable. New police reforms sought ways to facilitate cooperation or consolidation but, in the end, politicians conformed to the existing institutions by further accepting, and even enhancing, the differences between urban and rural policing. This was contradictory to the main political idea behind nationalisation: to create a uniform and more flexible police system. Nationalisation could only be achieved after the institutional structures had been torn down. The main steps had been taken in the 1940s as major changes in Sweden’s administrative system took place, altering the trajectory of police reform. At the same time policing had gone through the aforementioned crucial conceptual changes, easing the transition to a single organisation. Thus, the police changed from three separate institutions to a single national police institution. The process was slow and gradual, taking almost a century to achieve.
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- Brink Pinto, Andres, et al.
(författare)
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Contentious Politics Studies : Forskningsfältet social och politisk konfrontation på frammarsch i Skandinavien
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandia. - 0036-5483. ; 81:1, s. 93-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decade or so an increasing number of researchers in Scandinavia have become interested in the research field of contentious politics studies (CPS). The result has been a growing number of publications focusing on political contention. We have now reached the point where international research networks are being set up. Several interesting workshops and book projects are underway underscoring the rise of the field in Scandinavia. This article has three purposes: to introduce the field and its historiography from the 1990s to the present, along with its most important theoretical perspectives; to take on the thorny issue of translating the term contention into the Scandinavian languages, and indeed to argue for the importance of arriving at a workable definition of the term; and to survey the field as it stands in early twenty-first-century Scandinavia. In the article, the authors conclude that there are some district differences in the approach to the field in the three Scandinavian countries. In Sweden much of the research of the past decade or so has been micro-historical in approach, resulting in a number of in-depth studies of different episodes of contention. In contrast, the research done in Denmark has been largely macro-historical, focusing on longitudinal studies of contentious issues from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. The authors argue here that much can be gained by researchers from these different approaches working together, influencing one another in terms of theory and methodology alike. In conclusion, the authors argue for the importance of transregional and/or transnational studies of political contention
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- Ellis Nilsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Scandia introducerar : (Åter)skapad vikingatid
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandia. - : Stiftelsen Scandia. - 0036-5483. ; 87:2, s. 245-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den föreställde vikingen återfinns således i alltifrån blodigaste allvar till lättsammaste nöje. Syftet med denna artikel är att introducera läsaren till forskningen om de många olika sätt på vilka vikingen och vikingatiden uttolkats och använts, från 1800-talet fram till 2000-talet. Det är forskning som återfinns i skärningspunkten mellan två internationella fält på starkframmarsch i det tidiga 2000-talet: medievalism studies samt reenactment studies. Det handlar om hur vikingen och vikingatiden skapats och återskapats i en postmedeltida era.
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- Ellis Nilsson, Sara, Dr, et al.
(författare)
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Scandia introducerar: (Åter)skapad vikingatid
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandia. - : Scandia. - 0036-5483. ; 87:2, s. 245-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The imagined ”Viking” can be found in contexts from the serious to the absurd. The concept has even become almost global in scope. In order to introduce this multifaceted phenomenon, this article presents research on and investigates the many ways in which the ”Viking” and the Viking Age have been interpreted and used from the 19th century to the present day. It presents the different definitions inherent in the concept of ”Viking”, from representing a warrior to referring to the inhabitants of Scandinavia who migrated to areas to the north, west, south and east. The article then delves into two growing international fields of research: medievalism studies and re-enactment studies. In doing so, the article discusses how the Viking and the Viking Age have been created and re-created throughout this period. It shows the links between the study of medievalism and how re-creating and activating the Viking Age fits into this area. Many different interest groups invoke the past in their efforts to justify actions or find answers to present-day circumstances. The Viking Age is no exception, and these groups include both extremists and those simply interested in history. The article also discusses the link between the Viking Age and the rise of the fantasy genre before exploring how re-enactment groups approach the Viking Age. This involves both re-creating objects (clothes, personal items, weapons, etc.) as well as re-enacting scenes from the past, such as battles or domestic tasks. Questions on the importance of authenticity are raised throughout the article, and connected to this aspect, the relationship between experimental archaeology and the re-creation of objects is addressed. Viking Age re-enactment officially organized by cultural heritage institutions or larger groups is presented, as well as a discussion of what exists at the grassroots level. The article also presents an overview of the challenges facing Viking re-enactment groups in terms of available sources, racism and sexism. The article concludes with a discussion on the positive impact of re-enactment and its place in the interpretation of the Viking Age.
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