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- Ode, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of maternal and fetal exposure and temporal trends of perfluorinated compounds.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1614-7499 .- 0944-1344. ; 20:11, s. 7970-7978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, some perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been identified as potentially hazardous substances which are harmful to the environment and human health. According to limited data, PFC levels in humans could be influenced by several determinants. However, the findings are inconsistent. In the present study, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were measured in paired maternal and cord serum samples (N = 237) collected between 1978 and 2001 in Southern Sweden to study the relationship between these and to investigate several potential determinants of maternal and fetal exposure to PFCs. Time trends of PFCs in Swedish women were also evaluated. The study is a part of the Fetal Environment and Neurodevelopment Disorders in Epidemiological Research project. PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA levels (median) were higher in maternal serum (15, 2.1, and 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) than in cord serum (6.5, 1.7, and 0.20 ng/ml, respectively). PFC levels were among the highest in women originating from the Nordic countries and the lowest in women from the Middle East, North Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa. Multiparous women had lower serum PFOA levels (1.7 ng/ml) than primiparous women (2.4 ng/ml). Maternal age, body mass index, cotinine levels, and whether women carried male or female fetuses did not affect serum PFC concentrations. Umbilical cord serum PFC concentrations showed roughly similar patterns as the maternal except for the gestational age where PFC levels increased with advancing gestational age. PFOS levels increased during the study period in native Swedish women. In summary, PFOS levels tend to increase while PFOA and PFNA levels were unchanged between 1978 and 2001 in our study population. Our results demonstrate that maternal country of origin, parity, and gestational age might be associated with PFC exposure.
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| 3. |
- Ode, Amanda
(författare)
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Environmental Toxins and Essential Trace Elements at Delivery and ADHD
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), phthalates, manganese and selenium are ubiquitous in the environment and humans and influence fetal growth and development. Register and biobank based case-control studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between prenatal exposure to these chemicals and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood. The study base comprised children born in Malmö, Sweden, between 1978 and 2000 that were followed up until 2005. Children with ADHD (n=206) were identified at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Malmö. Controls (n=206) were selected from the study base and were matched for year of birth and maternal country of origin. Concentrations of PFCs, phthalates, manganese, and selenium were measured in umbilical cord serum samples collected from a maternity unit biobank in Malmö. No associations between prenatal exposure to PFCs, phthalates, and manganese and ADHD in childhood were found. Selenium, which was hypothesized to protect against ADHD, was found to be positively associated with ADHD diagnosis in childhood. These findings need to be replicated in other larger studies before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
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- Ode, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Manganese and selenium concentrations in umbilical cord serum and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0953 .- 0013-9351. ; 137, s. 373-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing evidence on the effects of manganese and selenium during fetal life on neurodevelopmental disorders is inadequate. This study aims to investigate the hypothesized relationship between fetal exposure to manganese and selenium and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis in childhood. Children born between 1978 and 2000 with ADHD (n=166) were identified at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Malmö, Sweden. Controls from the same region (n=166) were selected from the Medical Birth Register and were matched for year of birth and maternal country of birth. Manganese and selenium were measured in umbilical cord serum. The median cord serum concentrations of manganese were 4.3μg/L in the cases and 4.1μg/L in the controls. The corresponding concentrations of selenium were 47 and 48μg/L. When the exposures were analyzed as continuous variables no associations between cord manganese or selenium concentration and ADHD were observed. However, children with selenium concentrations above the 90th percentile had 2.5 times higher odds (95% confidence interval 1.3-5.1) of having ADHD compared to those with concentrations between the 10th and 90th percentiles. There was no significant interaction between manganese and selenium exposure (p=0.08). This study showed no association between manganese concentrations in umbilical cord serum and ADHD. The association between ADHD diagnoses in children with relatively high cord selenium was unexpected and should be interpreted with caution.
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