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- Leygraf, Christopher, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of historic copper patinas 1 : Influence of substrate on patina uniformity
- 2017
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Ingår i: EUROCORR 2017 - The Annual Congress of the European Federation of Corrosion, 20th International Corrosion Congress and Process Safety Congress 2017. - : Asociace koroznich inzenyru z.s.- AKI - Czech Association of Corrosion Engineers.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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- Midander, K., et al.
(författare)
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Surface characteristics, copper release and toxicity of nano- and micron sized copper and copper(II)oxide particles : A cross-disciplinary study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). - : Wiley. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 5:3, s. 389-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An interdisciplinary and multianalytical research effort is undertaken to assess the toxic aspects of thoroughly characterized nano- and micrometer-sized particles of oxidized metallic copper and copper(II) oxide in contact with cultivated lung cells, as well as copper release in relevant media. All particles, except micrometer-sized Cu, release more copper in serum-containing cell medium (supplemented Dulbecco's minimal essential medium) compared to identical exposures in phosphate-buffered saline. Sonication of particles for dispersion prior to exposure has a large effect on the initial copper release from Cu nanoparticles. A clear size-dependent effect is observed from both a copper release and a toxicity perspective. In agreement with greater released amounts of copper per quantity of particles from the nanometer-sized particles compared to the micrometer-sized particles, the nanometer particles cause a higher degree of DNA damage (single-strand breaks) and cause a significantly higher percentage of cell death compared to cytotoxicity induced by micrometer-sized particles. Cytotoxic effects related to the released copper fraction are found to be significantly lower than the effects related to particles. No DNA damage is induced by the released copper fraction.
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- Westin, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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New weldable 316L stainless flux-cored wires with reduced Cr(VI) fume emissions : part 1—health aspects of particle composition and release of metals
- 2021
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Ingår i: Welding in the World. - : Springer Nature. - 0043-2288 .- 1878-6669. ; 65:12, s. 2319-2337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Welding fumes have been found to be carcinogenic and stainless steel welders may be at higher risk due to increased formation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The slag-shielded methods, identified to generate most airborne particles and Cr(VI), would potentially be most harmful. With ever-stricter limits set to protect workers, measures to minimize human exposure become crucial. Austenitic stainless steel flux-cored wires of 316L type have been developed with the aim to reduce the toxicity of the welding fume without compromised usability. Collected particles were compared with fumes formed using solid, metal-cored, and standard flux-cored wires. The size, morphology, and composition were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Total metal concentrations and released amounts of metals (Cr, Cr(VI), Ni, Mn, Fe) were investigated after complete digestion in aqua regia and after incubation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) by means of flame furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of the particles was assessed with the Alamar blue assay for cell viability using cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC-3kt). The findings correlate well with previous in vitro toxicity studies for standard and experimental wires. The new optimized 316L-type flux-cored wires showed improved weldability and generated less Cr(VI) in wt.-% than with solid wire. The respirable particles were confirmed to be less acute toxic in HBEC-3kt cells as compared to standard flux-cored wires. The highest cell viability (survival rate) was observed for the metal-cored wire.
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