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- Gotby, Vide Ohlsson, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and risk of coercive sexual victimization in childhood and adolescence : a population-based prospective twin study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 59:9, s. 957-965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and other related neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have, in some previous studies, been shown to increase the risk of being sexually victimized. However, no studies have examined whether the association is driven by a general NDD phenotype versus specific diagnoses, nor the etiology of the association. Method: Using a genetically informative, prospective design, we examined the association between ASD and ADHD in childhood and coercive sexual victimization up to age 18. A total of 4,500 children participating in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) were rated by their parents on NDDs at age 9 or 12 years, and self-reported at age 18 on lifetime experiences of coercive sexual touching and/or coercive sex. First, we regressed sexual victimization on the NDDs. Second, we regressed sexual victimization on general and specific NDD symptoms identified via a bifactor model. Third, we decomposed the observed associations into genetic and environmental parts. Results: In females, ASD was associated with an almost threefolded increased risk of coercive sexual victimization, and ADHD with a doubled risk. In males, the risk associated with ASD and ADHD was of the same magnitude but not significant. When controlling for overall NDD symptom load ASD or ADHD, no longer uniquely predicted coercive sexual victimization. The association between the NDD general factor and coercive sexual victimization was due to shared genetics. Conclusions: General NDD symptom load, rather than specific ASD or ADHD symptoms, seems to be a moderate vulnerability factor for coercive sexual victimization. We speculate that an evocative gene-environment correlation might account for this observation, such that sexual perpetrators actively target NDD individuals.
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| 2. |
- Ohlsson Gotby, Vide, et al.
(författare)
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Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism, Delayed Puberty and Risk for Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of neuroendocrinology (Print). - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0953-8194 .- 1365-2826. ; 31:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is a rare disorder that manifests absent puberty and infertility. Genetic syndromes with hypogonadism, such as Klinefelter syndrome, are associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, it is not clear if patients with HH or transient delayed puberty in general, have an increased risk of NDDs.METHODS: We performed a register-based study on a national cohort of 264 patients with HH and 7447 patients diagnosed with delayed puberty that was matched with 2640 and 74470 controls, respectively. The outcome was defined as having any of the following NDD diagnoses; (1) autism spectrum disorder (ASD), (2) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or (3) intellectual disability (ID). Additional sensitivity analyses were performed to control for different parental and birth variables as well as diagnosed malformation syndromes and chromosomal anomalies (i.e., Down and Turner syndromes).RESULTS: Patients with HH had increased risk for being diagnosed with ASD (OR 5.7; 95% CI 2.6 - 12.6), ADHD (3.0; 1.8 - 5.1) and ID (18.0; 8.9 - 36.3) compared with controls. Patients with delayed puberty also had a significantly increased risk of being diagnosed with an NDD. These associations remained significant after adjustments.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate a significant association between HH, delayed puberty and NDDs in a population-based cohort. Clinicians should be aware of the overlap between these disorders. Further studies should explore the mechanisms behind these associations.
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