| 1. |
- Andersson, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Youth and news in a digital media environment. Nordic-Baltic Perspectives
- 2018
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Ingår i: Y. Andersson, U. Dalquist & J. Ohlsson (eds) Youth and news in a digital media environment. Nordic-Baltic Perspectives. - Gothenburg : Nordicom, University of Gothenburg. - 9789188855022 ; , s. 9-16
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Bentmar Holgersson, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Lower prostate cancer risk in Swedish men with the androgen receptor E213 A-allele
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes & Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 28:3, s. 227-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous population-based study on 3369 European men with self-reported prostate cancer (PCa), it was shown that androgen receptor (AR) haplotype designated H2 was associated with high levels of serum PSA (prostate-specific antigen) concentration, and, at the same time, with low risk for PCa. The aim of this study was to replicate this finding in other cohorts, with registry-based cancer diagnosis. Using data from two population-based cohorts; the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS, n = 12,121) and the Swedish Osteoporotic fractures in men study (MrOS, n = 1,120), 628 men with PCa and 1,374 controls were identified and genotyped. PCa data were collected from the Swedish national cancer registry. PCa odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for carriers of the particular AR haplotype, tagged by the rs6624304 T-allele. The 15% of men who were carriers of the AR haplotype H2 had approximately one-third lower risk for PCa diagnosis compared to those with the most common H1 variant (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45-0.94; p = 0.021). The same trend, although not statistically significant (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.47-1.24; p = 0.275), was observed in MrOS Sweden. When both cohorts were merged, an even more significant result was observed (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.51-0.90; p = 0.008). Swedish men with the variant AR haplotype H2, tagged by rs6624304, have significantly lower risk of PCa compared to those with the more common variant.
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| 3. |
- Bruce, Peter, 1986-
(författare)
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A Deep Dive into Sediments : Exploring approaches to assess environmental risks and achieving environmental goals in management of contaminated sediments in Sweden
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contaminated sediments are common, especially near urban and industrialized areas, and they can have negative ecological effects. In three studies, I explore the challenges for environmental management of contaminated sediments, focusing on environmental risk assessment (ERA) in Sweden. I investigate the scientific basis and ecological relevance of the knowledge that is produced in, and evaluated from, assessments. I then relate that knowledge to environmental goals set for general management, but also within individual assessments.Study I identified environmental goals set by society that ERA of contaminated sediment sites should address through a survey conducted among governmental agencies working with contaminated sediment. To investigate to what extent the practice of ERA addressed the goals which had been identified in the survey, the study also analyzed seven cases of ERA, from 2008-2015. Study II reviewed established strategies for assessing risks from contaminated sediments, from four countries. Then, with the ERAs included in study I, the Swedish ERA practice was characterized and contrasted to the review. Study III investigated to what extent dumping dredged sediment at sea was used as an alternative to manage dredged sediments. The study further investigated how courts, in 14 cases from 2015-2020, evaluated environmental risk when considering to allow dumping.The five environmental goals identified as most relevant focused on ecosystem services and management of environmental resources. While the ERAs occasionally addressed these goals, their priorities were not well aligned with that of the agencies (I). In studies II-III, the case-specific goals were not clearly addressed with the methods used. The results indicate that there is a focus on contaminant concentrations and sediment mobility. Four out of the seven ERAs in study II, and none in study III, measured potential effects from contaminants. The ERAs in study II surveyed benthic species and one conducted a toxicity test. When characterizing risk, there was also a frequent use of references not related to toxicity (II-III). Furthermore, uncertainties were not quantified and rarely discussed. Transparency was lacking regarding what weight individual types of measurements had in characterizing risk (II). In study III, sediment accumulation and contaminant concentrations were the decisive factors. However, in evaluating concentrations, the courts’ reasoning was inconsistent. The ERA practice in Sweden does not clearly produce the information needed to effectively characterize or evaluate risk in line with case specific or societal goals and risk underestimating the risks from contaminated sediments.Additional development and research could improve the capability to produce information for efficient management. Issues that should be addressed are, for example, requirements and guidance for designing case specific ERAs, including setting measurement and assessment endpoints in line with the ERA goals; additional types of measurement of contaminant effects; a system for criteria when characterizing risk; and requirements and guidance for how to consider future changes of site-specific conditions, such as climate change.This thesis highlights some of the potential and limitations in the Swedish practice to inspire management in how to incorporate existing best available methods as well as point to additional research needs.
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| 4. |
- Bruce, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Goals Addressed in Assessments of Contaminated Sediments
- 2020
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Ingår i: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. - : Wiley. - 1551-3777 .- 1551-3793. ; 16:1, s. 128-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental management often aims at sustainability and at implementing goals such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Several of these goals rely upon healthy sediments, implying that contaminated sediments need to be addressed in environmental management. In Sweden, the SDGs and national environmental objectives are meant to be central in environmental management. However, in environmental risk assessment (ERA) for contaminated sediments, it is not clear to assessors or authorities in Sweden which goals to consider and how. In the present study, we explore which environmental goals ERAs of contaminated sediment should consider, according to representatives from Swedish regulatory and advisory authorities, and to what extent ERAs consider those goals in practice in Sweden. The identified goals indicated that protection of aquatic ecosystems and associated services is a main priority for the authorities. The ERAs analyzed showed that most identified goals were addressed, albeit not consistently. Furthermore, risk assessors seem to put less weight on ecological aspects than authorities do. This indicates that authorities need to stress the importance of environmental aspects and provide guidance on how to address them. Several environmental goals were found to be directly relevant to contaminated sediments and ERAs can contribute to their fulfillment, given that ERA is a basis for management decisions. However, practitioners need clearer guidance on which goals to address and how. Finally, there seems to be good potential for implementation of the SDGs in environmental management in Sweden, due to existing legislation based on sustainable development and well-anchored national environmental objectives that overlap with the SDGs.
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| 5. |
- Bruce, Peter, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Inconsistencies in How Environmental Risk Is Evaluated in Sweden for Dumping Dredged Sediment at Sea
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Millions of tons of dredged sediment are dumped at sea annually. International conventions limit dumping when there is a risk of adverse ecological effects, for example if the sediment is contaminated. However, the perception of risk differs substantially among stakeholders and in Sweden there is a lack of guidelines for how to address such risk. In the current study, we examined exemptions to the Swedish ban on dumping at sea, to explore the extent of dumping and how ecological aspects were considered in the evaluation of risks. We analyzed data from all cases granted exemption by county administrative boards and all court cases considering exemption to the ban from the beginning of 2015 to June 2020. We found that while dumping is the least common alternative management method for dredged sediment in total number of cases (98/792), dumping is the main method in terms of volume (30.8/38.2 million m3). When considering exemptions, the courts mainly evaluated the risk of exposure to contaminants and resuspended sediment for the environment adjacent to the dumpsite. The risks from contaminants were characterized based on various lines of reasoning, mainly relying on reference values not based on a scientific correlation to environmental risk. We argue that the evaluations were not in line with current regulations and international conventions as they insufficiently accounted for the ecotoxicological risk of the dumped sediment. These issues are potentially similar in other Baltic Sea countries, where there is a similar dependency on binary chemical limit values.
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| 6. |
- Bruce, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Risk assessments of contaminated sediments from the perspective of weight of evidence strategies – a Swedish case study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-7039 .- 1549-7860. ; 27:5, s. 1366-1387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several countries currently lack common recommendations specific to Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) of contaminated sediments and stakeholders report inconsistencies between currently used approaches. The objective of this study was to provide an increased understanding of how ERAs of contaminated sediments are conducted in comparison to established guidelines. For this, we use Sweden as a case study and compare seven ERAs with four internationally established strategies. Our results indicate that contaminant concentrations receive a comparatively high weight, despite a lack of appropriate benchmarks; toxicity measurements are uncommon, while routine in established strategies; and the integration and interpretation of results lack transparency. We identify three areas that may help improve the practice of ERAs: a common approach to benchmarks, recommendations for how to assess toxic effects, and a common approach for integrating and interpreting results.
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| 7. |
- Coviello, Andrea D, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association meta-analysis of circulating sex hormone-binding globulin reveals multiple Loci implicated in sex steroid hormone regulation.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein responsible for the transport and biologic availability of sex steroid hormones, primarily testosterone and estradiol. SHBG has been associated with chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and with hormone-sensitive cancers such as breast and prostate cancer. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 21,791 individuals from 10 epidemiologic studies and validated these findings in 7,046 individuals in an additional six studies. We identified twelve genomic regions (SNPs) associated with circulating SHBG concentrations. Loci near the identified SNPs included SHBG (rs12150660, 17p13.1, p=1.8×10(-106)), PRMT6 (rs17496332, 1p13.3, p=1.4×10(-11)), GCKR (rs780093, 2p23.3, p=2.2×10(-16)), ZBTB10 (rs440837, 8q21.13, p=3.4×10(-09)), JMJD1C (rs7910927, 10q21.3, p=6.1×10(-35)), SLCO1B1 (rs4149056, 12p12.1, p=1.9×10(-08)), NR2F2 (rs8023580, 15q26.2, p=8.3×10(-12)), ZNF652 (rs2411984, 17q21.32, p=3.5×10(-14)), TDGF3 (rs1573036, Xq22.3, p=4.1×10(-14)), LHCGR (rs10454142, 2p16.3, p=1.3×10(-07)), BAIAP2L1 (rs3779195, 7q21.3, p=2.7×10(-08)), and UGT2B15 (rs293428, 4q13.2, p=5.5×10(-06)). These genes encompass multiple biologic pathways, including hepatic function, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and T2D, androgen and estrogen receptor function, epigenetic effects, and the biology of sex steroid hormone-responsive cancers including breast and prostate cancer. We found evidence of sex-differentiated genetic influences on SHBG. In a sex-specific GWAS, the loci 4q13.2-UGT2B15 was significant in men only (men p=2.5×10(-08), women p=0.66, heterogeneity p=0.003). Additionally, three loci showed strong sex-differentiated effects: 17p13.1-SHBG and Xq22.3-TDGF3 were stronger in men, whereas 8q21.12-ZBTB10 was stronger in women. Conditional analyses identified additional signals at the SHBG gene that together almost double the proportion of variance explained at the locus. Using an independent study of 1,129 individuals, all SNPs identified in the overall or sex-differentiated or conditional analyses explained ∼15.6% and ∼8.4% of the genetic variation of SHBG concentrations in men and women, respectively. The evidence for sex-differentiated effects and allelic heterogeneity highlight the importance of considering these features when estimating complex trait variance.
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| 8. |
- Frogner-Kockum, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Metal contaminant fluxes across the sediment water interface
- 2016
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 111:1-2, s. 321-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To date,most estimates of contaminant fluxes across the sediment/water interface in risk assessments have been done using diffusive flux models. However, the reliability of these is limited as the overall flux from the sediment may have contributions caused by advection and bioturbation. We found through a comparison of modelled fluxes versus measured fluxes, that the methods Benthic Flux Chamber and surface leaching tests in a risk assessment context showed similar magnitude while calculated fluxes deviated at least by a factor of 100 from measured fluxes. This may be explained by the flux contribution in connection with bioturbation. The chambermeasured fluxes of copper were low compared to those of zinc and cobalt, but this is consistent with leaching tests that indicated copper to be more strongly bound. Risk assessments based on total concentrations may be misleading.
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| 9. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 10. |
- Lindholm, Yvonne, 1948-
(författare)
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Mötesplats skolutveckling : Om hur samverkan med forskare kan bidra till att utveckla pedagogers kompetens att bedriva utvecklingsarbete
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main aim of this thesis is to illuminate how researchers might provide support to the improvement of educators' competence, in a school development context. The thesis also sheds light on conditions and obstacles for such development. The theoretical approach derives inspiration from several lines of thought but above all from action theory and theories on adult learning and development. The approach of the thesis can be characterized as “contextual-constructivist” or “social constructivist”. Four different forms of collaboration between researchers and educators are studied and compared. The methods used were interviews, questionnaires and document study. The similarities between the different types of collaboration are striking. The educators’ competence for action and development seems to have increased in all types of collaboration, for example towards increased communicative and meta-cognitive competence. This, however, cannot be attributed solely to the researchers; rather it seems to be a result of the whole interplay with the environment that was initiated by the collaboration. One group of educators also turned out to act as bridge-builders between the researchers and their own colleagues. Further, the educators have had access to various tangible tools, which have appeared to be useful not only in developmental work but also in the everyday work. Finally, the utility aspect of school research is discussed, as well as the double, sometimes triple, helix of learning and developmental processes that educators may share as a result of the collaboration with researchers.
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