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| 2. |
- Accardi, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
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Application of Non-Kolmogorovian Probability and Quantum Adaptive Dynamics to Unconscious Inference in Visual Perception Process
- 2016
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Ingår i: Open systems & information dynamics. - 1230-1612 .- 1573-1324. ; 23:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently a novel quantum information formalism - quantum adaptive dynamics - was developed and applied to modelling of information processing by bio-systems including cognitive phenomena: from molecular biology (glucose-lactose metabolism for E.coli bacteria, epigenetic evolution) to cognition, psychology. From the foundational point of view quantum adaptive dynamics describes mutual adapting of the information states of two interacting systems (physical or biological) as well as adapting of co-observations performed by the systems. In this paper we apply this formalism to model unconscious inference: the process of transition from sensation to perception. The paper combines theory and experiment. Statistical data collected in an experimental study on recognition of a particular ambiguous figure, the Schroer stairs, support the viability of the quantum(-like) model of unconscious inference including modelling of biases generated by rotation-contexts. From the probabilistic point of view, we study (for concrete experimental data) the problem of contextuality of probability, its dependence on experimental contexts. Mathematically contextuality leads to non-Komogorovness: probability distributions generated by various rotation contexts cannot be treated in the Kolmogorovian framework. At the same time they can be embedded in a "big Kolmogorov space" as conditional probabilities. However, such a Kolmogorov space has too complex structure and the operational quantum formalism in the form of quantum adaptive dynamics simplifies the modelling essentially.
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| 3. |
- Accardi, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum Markov Model for Data from Shafir-Tversky Experiments in Cognitive Psychology
- 2009
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Ingår i: Open systems & information dynamics. - Singapore : WSP. - 1230-1612 .- 1573-1324. ; 16:4, s. 371-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze, from the point of view of quantum probability, statistical data from two interesting experiments, done by Shafir and Tversky [1, 2] in the domain of cognitive psychology. These are gambling experiments of Prisoner Dilemma type. They have important consequences for economics, especially for the justification of the Savage "Sure Thing Principle" [3] (implying that agents of the market behave rationally). Data from these experiments were astonishing, both from the viewpoint of cognitive psychology and economics and probability theory. Players behaved irrationally. Moreover, all attempts to generate these data by using classical Markov model were unsuccessful. In this note we show (by inventing a simple statistical test — generalized detailed balance condition) that these data are non-Kolmogorovian. We also show that it is neither quantum (i.e., it cannot be described by Dirac-von Neumann model). We proceed towards a quantum Markov model for these data.
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| 4. |
- Adenier, Guillaume, et al.
(författare)
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Double Blinding-Attack on Entanglement-Based Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
- 2012
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 0094-243X .- 1551-7616. - 9780735410046 ; 1424:1, s. 9-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a double blinding-attack on entangled-based quantum key distribution protocols. The principle of the attack is the same as in existing blinding attack except that instead of blinding the detectors on one side only, Eve is blinding the detectors of both Alice and Bob. In the BBM92 protocol, the attack allows Eve to get a full knowledge of the key and remain undetected even if Alice and Bob are using 100% efficient detectors. The attack can be easily extended to Ekert protocol, with an efficiency as high as 85.3%.
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| 5. |
- Asano, Masanari, et al.
(författare)
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A hysteresis effect on optical illusion and non-Kolmogorovian probability theory
- 2017
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Ingår i: White Noise Analysis and Quantum Information. - : World Scientific. - 9789813225459 - 9789813225473 ; , s. 201-213
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we discuss a non-Kolmogorovness of the optical illusion in the human visual perception. We show subjects the ambiguous figure of "Schröeder stair", which has two different meanings [1]. We prepare 11 pictures which are inclined by different angles. The tendency to answer "left side is front" depends on the order of showing those pictures. For a mathematical treatment of such a context dependent phenomena, we propose a non-Kolmogorovian probabilistic model which is based on adaptive dynamics.
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| 6. |
- Asano, Masanari, et al.
(författare)
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A model of epigenetic evolution based on theory of open quantum systems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Systems and Synthetic Biology. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1872-5325 .- 1872-5333. ; 7:4, s. 161-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a very general model of epigenetic evolution unifying (neo-)Darwinian and (neo-)Lamarckian viewpoints. The evolution is represented in the form of adaptive dynamics given by the quantum(-like) master equation. This equation describes development of the information state of epigenome under the pressure of an environment. We use the formalism of quantum mechanics in the purely operational framework. (Hence, our model has no direct relation to quantum physical processes inside a cell.) Thus our model is about probabilities for observations which can be done on epigenomes and it does not provide a detailed description of cellular processes. Usage of the operational approach provides a possibility to describe by one model all known types of cellular epigenetic inheritance.
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| 7. |
- Asano, Masanari, et al.
(författare)
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A quantum-like model of selection behavior
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of mathematical psychology (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0022-2496 .- 1096-0880. ; 78, s. 2-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we introduce a new model of selection behavior under risk that describes an essential cognitive process for comparing values of objects and making a selection decision. This model is constructed by the quantum-like approach that employs the state representation specific to quantum theory, which has the mathematical framework beyond the classical probability theory. We show that our quantum approach can clearly explain the famous examples of anomalies for the expected utility theory, the Ellsberg paradox, the Machina paradox and the disparity between WTA and WTP. Further, we point out that our model mathematically specifies the characteristics of the probability weighting function and the value function, which are basic concepts in the prospect theory. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Asano, Masanari, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive Dynamics and Optical Illusion on Schröder’s Stair
- 2014
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Ingår i: Quantum Interaction. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642549427 ; , s. 191-200
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, various examples of non-Kolmogorovness in contextual dependent phenomena have been reported. In this study, we introduce non-Kolmogorovness in the measurement of depth inversion for the figure of Schröder’s stair. Also we propose a model of the depth inversion, based on a non-Kolmogorovian probability theory which is called adaptive dynamics.
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| 9. |
- Asano, Masanari, et al.
(författare)
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Lamarckian Evolution of Epigenome from Open Quantum Systems and Entanglement
- 2014
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Ingår i: Quantum Interaction. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642549427 ; , s. 324-334
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop a quantum-like (QL) model of cellular evolution based on the theory of open quantum systems and entanglement between epigenetic markers in a cell. This approach is applied to modeling of epigenetic evolution of cellular populations. We point out that recently experimental genetics discovered numerous phenomena of cellular evolution adaptive to the pressure of the environment. In such phenomena epigenetic changes are fixed in one generation and, hence, the Darwinian natural selection model cannot be applied. A number of prominent genetists stress the Lamarckian character of epigenetic evolution. In quantum physics the dynamics of the state of a system (e.g. electron) contacting with an environment (bath) is described by the theory of open quantum systems. Therefore it is natural to apply this theory to model adaptive changes in the epigenome. Since evolution of the Lamarckian type is very rapid – changes in the epigenome have to be inherited in one generation – we have to find a proper mathematical description of such a speed up. In our model this is the entanglement of different epigenetic markers.
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| 10. |
- Asano, Masanari, et al.
(författare)
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Non-Kolmogorovian approach to the context-dependent systems breaking the classical probability law.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Foundations of physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-9018 .- 1572-9516. ; 43:7, s. 895-911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There exist several phenomena breaking the classical probability laws. The systems related to such phenomena are context-dependent, so that they are adaptive to other systems. In this paper, we present a new mathematical formalism to compute the joint probability distribution for two event-systems by using concepts of the adaptive dynamics and quantum information theory, e.g., quantum channels and liftings. In physics the basic example of the context-dependent phenomena is the famous double-slit experiment. Recently similar examples have been found in biological and psychological sciences. Our approach is an extension of traditional quantum probability theory, and it is general enough to describe aforementioned contextual phenomena outside of quantum physics.
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