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- Bulut, Mehmet Börühan
(författare)
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An analysis of the relationship between the energy and buildings sectors in Sweden
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change is one of the global challenges of our time. The energy sector is at the focus of the European efforts to combat climate change as it accounts for 80% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union. Buildings, on the other hand, represent 40% of the energy use and 33% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union, giving the buildings sector also a key role in the European climate strategy. There are, at the same time, strong interdependencies between the energy and buildings sectors due to the high amount of energy used by buildings and their rising importance as active components in the future energy systems. These interdependencies do not only influence the investment decisions in the energy and buildings sectors, but also the effectiveness of the European climate strategy. Cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors can create beneficial outcomes for the both sectors as well as the environment. It may also encourage innovation, improve the energy performance of buildings, and help achieve a higher penetration of renewable energy into the energy system.This licentiate thesis investigates the relationship between the energy and buildings sector at the inter-company level. Presenting the data collected from interviews and a web survey answered by the energy and buildings sectors in Sweden, this thesis examines the level of cooperation between these two sectors, discusses trust issues between stakeholders, presents the factors that negatively impact cooperation, and provides recommendations for the minimisation of these factors.The findings presented in this thesis indicate an insufficient level of cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors in Sweden, to which the following factors have been identified to contribute in a negative a way: district heating monopolies; energy efficiency in buildings; building regulations; self-generation of electricity; and energy use patterns. The emphasis on self-interest by stakeholders within the both sectors appears to create trust issues between stakeholders. Accordingly, shifting the focus from self-gains to mutual gains is deemed necessary to improve the cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors. This, however requires significant changes in current practices and business models. It has been identified that the development of smart energy systems that allow a closer interaction between the energy and buildings sectors through flexible energy supply and use would minimise many of the factors that negatively impact cooperation.
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| 2. |
- Glaumann, Mauritz, et al.
(författare)
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Miljövärdering av bebyggelse : extern miljöpåverkan, beskrivning av olika miljöpåverkanskategorier
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här skriften utgör till största delen en översiktlig beskrivning av de miljöproblem som den moderna människans livsföring bidrar till att skapa i sin omgivning och hur samhället arbetar för att motverka dessa. Syftet är att ge en allmän förståelse för dessa miljöproblem och vad de orsakas av samt peka på vilka förändringar som krävs för att undvika eller eliminera dem. Varje kapitel är disponerat på samma sätt med problembeskrivning, mekanismer, den historiska utvecklingen, problemets omfattning, påverkan på människor samt underlag för EcoEffect-beräkningar. Denna allmänna bild har varit nödvändig att ta fram för att utveckla EcoEffect-metoden, som används för att analysera miljöpåverkan från byggande och användning av byggnader. Miljöproblemen som beskrivs är emellertid inte unika för byggsektorn utan gäller i olika grad också alla andra verksamheter i samhället. Därför bör beskrivningarna i rapporten även kunna vara av intresse för andra som vill tillägna sig en grundläggande förståelse för dagens stora miljöproblem. Rapporten utgör samtidigt en redovisning av det beräkningsunderlag som används för att göra miljöbedömningar i EcoEffect. Dessa uppgifter sammanfattas i slutet av varje kapitel och behöver således inte läsas av personer som inte är intresserade av EcoEffect metoden. Dataredovisningen är disponerad efter beräkningarna i EcoEffect som därför sammanfattas här.
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| 3. |
- Hadin, Åsa
(författare)
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From waste problem to renewable energy resource : exploring horse manure as feedstock for anaerobic digestion
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A sustainable energy system requires, according to energy policies, reduced emissions of greenhouse gases, increased ratio of renewable sources of energy and more efficient use of energy. Horse manure could be regarded as waste, but also as a resource for renewable energy and plant nutrients. This thesis explores the potential of horse manure as a renewable energy source, and its possibilities to support and contribute to energy and environmental objectives. To do this, data was collected from literature, simulations, study visits and interviews.A number of horse keeping activities were identified in the assessment of horse manure as a feedstock for energy and as a plant resource: feeding, indoor housing, outdoor keeping, manure storage, fertilizing and transport, all with effect on amount and content of horse manure. Results indicated that choice and amount of bedding are important for both energy performance and plant nutrient content in the biofertilizer. Operational conditions such as long hydraulic retention time and high temperature had less impact for horse manure as a biogas feedstock. Anaerobic digestion resulted in the lowest global warming potential compared to incineration and composting, while large-scale incineration reduced primary energy demand, acidification potential and eutrophication potential. In a subsequent simulation, anaerobic digestion had lower potential environmental impact than unmanaged composting, regarding all chosen environmental impact categories in the study. Experiences from energy companies suggest that horse manure can be used in small quantities in co-incineration, with suitable incineration technology, but odor was mentioned as a problem. Farm-scale incineration required continuous maintenance and monitoring and mixing with pellets. As a feedstock for anaerobic digestion horse manure was regarded as suitable for plug-flow processes while stirred processes experienced more technical problems leading to increased cost for plants. With adaption of horse manure to the energy recovery technology to be used, and adaption at energy conversion plants to homogenous materials, this not yet fully utilized bioenergy resource has potential to contribute with renewable energy to the energy system, and thereby also reduce environmental impact from horse manure treatment
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| 5. |
- Lindkvist, Emma, 1984-
(författare)
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System studies of biogas production : comparisons and performance
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biogas has the potential to be part of the transition towards a more sustainable energy system. Biogas is a renewable energy source and can play an important role in modern waste management systems. Biogas production can also help recirculate nutrients back to farmland. Besides all this, biogas is a locally produced energy source with the potential to increase global resource efficiency, since it can lead to more value and less waste, as well as decreased negative environmental effects. However, biogas production systems are complex, including different substrates, different applications for biogas and digestate, and different technology solutions for digestion, pre-treatment and for upgrading the raw gas. To increase the development of biogas production systems, knowledge sharing is a key factor. To increase this knowledge sharing, comprehensible analysis and comparisons of biogas production systems are necessary. Thus, studies are needed to verify the resource efficiency of biogas production systems from different perspectives.The aim of this thesis is to perform a systems analysis of biogas production systems and to explore how to analyse and compare biogas production systems. An additional aim is to study biogas production systems from a systems perspective, with a focus on environment, energy and economy. Studying biogas production systems from different system levels, as well as from different approaches, is beneficial because it results in deeper knowledge of biogas systems and greater opportunities to identify synergies.Systems studies of biogas are important, since biogas systems are often complex and integrated with other systems. In this thesis, biogas systems analyses are performed at different levels. In the widest system study, classifications of different biogas plants are analysed and classifications in different European countries are compared, with the prospect of paving the way for a new common classification for biogas plants in Europe. Today, classifications vary between countries, and hence comparisons of plants in different countries are difficult. In the narrowest system study, a new methodology for analysing energy demand at different biogas production plants has been developed. The aim was to develop a methodology that is applicable for all kinds of biogas plants with energy inputs. The methodology describes the process of analysing energy demand and allocating energy to sub-processes and unit processes.Further, an approach for assessing the resource efficiency of different treatment options for organic waste was designed. The approach includes environmental, economic and energy perspectives, and was applied to five different regions with several food manufacturing companies. A study of treatment options for organic waste from a single food company was also conducted. The results showed that biogas production is a resource-efficient way to treat waste from the food industry. The approach enables a wider analysis of biogas systems, and the results from the applications show the complexity of assessing resource efficiency. It is also shown that it is important to understand that the resource efficiency of a system is always in relation to the substituted system.In this thesis, three different approaches to analysing biogas production systems are presented: categorization, resource efficiency analysis and energy demand analysis. These approaches all contribute to the understanding of biogas systems and can help, in different ways, to increase knowledge about biogas systems in the world. If knowledge about different biogas systems can be easily disseminated, more of the unused potential of biogas production may be realized, and hence more fossil fuels can be replaced within the energy system.
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| 6. |
- Norrman Eriksson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle impact assessment - damage based weighting method for environmental impact assessment
- 2005
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Ingår i: Action for Sustainability: Proceedings of the 2005 World Sustainable Building Conference in Tokyo.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the conceptual framework for a damage value-oriented weighting method for endpoint problems. It is developed with the aim to be transparent, and with a minimum of subjective features. Calculations of external environmental impacts are based on data for material- and energy flows, emission factors, and characterisation of emissions into contribution to environmental impact categories. These environmental impact values are then weighted by using damage values (total number of DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years)) for each type of problem. Estimations of the number of persons possibly affected by a problem caused by emissions have been made and multiplied by the severity for each affected person. The category weight is the sum of all damage values in an impact category. This approach has several advantages: (1) A clear distinction between the characterization step and valuation step of the LCA, (2) A knowledge driven method where an improvement in quality and reliability of information and data used can be easily introduced to the framework. The method also suffers from some disadvantages: (1) As in other weighting methods, forecasts about the future in terms of scenarios do always mean an uncertainty and (2) Local and regional environmental problems are extrapolated to global effects, which means that uncertainties are introduced.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sundberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Systemstudie avfall - sammanfattning : Sammanfattning av huvudresultat från projektet "Termisk och biologisk avfallsbehandling i ett systemperspektiv"
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport sammanfattar huvudresultaten från forskningsprojektet ”Termisk och biologisk avfallsbehandling i ett systemperspektiv”. Inom projektet har verktyg och resultat tagits fram för att ur ett systemperspektiv utvärdera nya och förbättrade tekniker för behandling av avfall från hushåll och verksamheter. Fokus för analysen är det integrerade avfalls- och energisystemet på kommunal/regional nivå. Analysen omfattar även flera kringliggande system som till exempel jordbruket, produktion av fordonsbränsle och elproduktion.Rapporten tar upp intressanta resultat som exemplifierar möjligheterna med systemmodellering för avfallsplanering. Den presenterar också en samlad men ändå övergripande beskrivning av de resultat som tagits fram inom projektet, samt hur dessa har spridits och används i andra projekt. En djupare beskrivning av modeller, metodik och resultat ges framförallt i de två delrapporter som tagits fram inom projektet. Delrapporterna presenterar två fallstudier för två olika kommunala/regionala avfallssystem ”Systemstudie Avfall – Göteborg” och ”Systemstudie Avfall – Borås”. De modeller och den metodik som utvecklats inom forskningsprojektet har används i flera ”spinoff-projekt”. Huvudresultaten från dessa studier presenteras kortfattat i denna rapport tillsammans med referenser till mer omfattande beskrivningar.Man kan konstatera att under de tre år som projektet har drivits så har flera delar av resultaten använts för den praktiska planeringen inom Borås och Göteborg. Genom informationsspridning av resultaten från de två fallstudierna, men framförallt genom de ytterligare studier som genomförts där modellkonceptet har varit grunden för analysen, har projektet bidragit till ökad förståelse och kunskap om avfallssystemet nationellt. Resultaten har även spridits internationellt inom forskarvärlden och där bidragit med kunskap kring modellbeskrivningar men också med systemresultat om hur man med fjärrvärme och olika avfallsbehandlingstekniker kan effektivisera avfallsbehandlingen. Resultaten har även nått den politiska arenan inom EU då det gäller möjligheterna att reducera klimatpåverkan från avfallsbehandlingssystemet.
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