| 1. |
- Imanzadeh, Farid, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the prevalence and treatment of malnutrition in hospitalized children in Mofid Children's Hospital during 2015-2016
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Archives of Iranian Medicine. - 1029-2977 .- 1735-3947. ; 21:7, s. 302-309
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Malnutrition in hospitalized patients causes problems in treatment and increases hospitalization duration. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized children.Methods: Children aged 1 month to 18 years (n = 1186) who were admitted to medical and surgery wards of Mofid children’s hospital from November 2015 to February 2016, entered the study. We measured different anthropometric variables in patients with malnutrition. Also, nutritional counseling was performed and three months follow-up was done.Results: Patient data were registered in questionnaires particularly for children 2 years old and less. 597 children under 2 years of age and 607 children over two years entered the study. The data analysis was done by SPSS version 22.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). The t test inferential method was used in comparing variables. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Based on the body mass index (BMI) Z score, and in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) cut-off, among children over 2 years, 9% were diagnosed as overweight or obese, 54% were within the normal range and 37% were underweight at time of admission. In the underweight group, 43% were mildly, 21.2% were moderately and 35.8% were severely underweight. Based on the weight for length Z score in patients less than 2 years of age at time of admission, 6% were overweight, 60% were in normal range and 34% were underweight. Among children with malnutrition, 21% had mild, 3.0% had moderate and 10% had severe malnutrition. No significant meaningful relation was found between prevalence of malnutrition and severity of illness. In the moderate to severe undernutrition group, nutritionist counseling was done. Comparison of BMI and weight, before and after admission (the baseline and the follow up visits), was done by means of repeated measurements. Comparison of the patient’s weight at time of admission with weight at 1, 2 and 3 months after the first nutritional consultation showed statistically meaningful difference (P value < 0.05).Conclusion: Growth indices need to be evaluated in every hospitalized child. Nutritional consultation is useful in children with malnutrition. The main purpose of early diagnosis of malnutrition is to prevent its progression, and also to design a useful, applicable and cost-effective nutritional intervention for malnutrition treatment.
|
|
| 2. |
- Olang, Beheshteh
(författare)
-
Aspects of feeding patterns in the first two years of life in Iranian infants
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The unique way of providing infants with a perfect nutrition necessary for good growth and development is breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months is recommended by the World Health Organization. Maternal intake of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially omega-3 fatty acids (FAs), during pregnancy and lactation influence the content in breast milk. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important for infant growth and the development of brain and vision. For vitamins A and D, Iranian authorities recommend supplements for infants from 15 days to 2 years of age. Aim: To investigate the nutritional situation for Iranian infants by describing the current situation regarding breastfeeding prevalence, promotion and support. Furthermore, to investigate the nutritional content of FAs in colostrum related to mother’s diet as well as status for vitamin A and D in infancy. Methods: Cross-sectional analytic methods have been combined in this thesis to examine the quality of the feeding patterns. Study I and II are based on questionnaire and interview data from mothers of 63 071 infants up to 2 years of age in all 30 provinces of Iran. The data of breastfeeding rates were collected in 2005-2006 (Sep 15th – Jan 15th) by trained health workers in the Integrated Monitoring Evaluation System (IMES) in the Family Health Office of the Ministry of Health. A translated version of a survey, used to assess the current breastfeeding situation in Europe, was also used in study I. Study II used the questionnaire data from IMES to pin point important determinants for early discontinuation of breastfeeding. In study III, breast milk was collected early after delivery from 120 mothers, 60 in each province of Guilan and Kermanshah (coastal area and inland, respectively) during July to September 2008. The mothers were interviewed regarding dietary intake using a food frequency questionnaire. The FA composition of colostrum was measured with gas chromatography. Study IV investigated 7112 infants 15-23 months of age who attended Health Care Centers during early summer of 2001. The sampling method was unequal clusters with unequal household sizes. Vitamins A and D were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography in an accredited laboratory. Findings: The policy questionnaire showed that 466 hospitals were accredited as Baby Friendly Hospitals, covering more than 80% of the births in Iran in 2006. On a national level, 89% and 57% of children were breastfed at one and two years of age, respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding rates at 4 and 6 months of age were 57% and 28%. The most common reason for stopping exclusive breastfeeding before six months was, according to the mothers, the physician’s recommendation. After 6 months, the mothers stated the major reason to be insufficient breast milk. Mothers in coastal areas had significantly higher intake of fish or seafood during pregnancy than the mothers in inland areas. High fish and seafood intake was associated with significantly higher DHA concentration and lower arachidonic acid/DHA ratio. The mean (SD) concentrations of vitamin A and D were 2.09, (0.83) μmol/L and 61.3 (31.4) nmol/L, respectively. About 1.2% of the infants had plasma levels indicating deficient or insufficient vitamin A. Deficient and insufficient levels of vitamin D were found in 2.8% and 32.9% of infants, respectively. Conclusions: The general breastfeeding situation, vitamin A status in Iranian infants, and LCPUFA status in colostrum in women were good in comparison with several countries. However, the exclusive breastfeeding prevalence was lower than previously reported. Physicians and other health professionals have an important role in supporting mothers to breastfeed. There is a need for further investigation in regards to the adequacy and compliance of vitamin D supplementation to infants.
|
|
| 3. |
- Olang, Beheshteh, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of validity and reliability of the NutriCHEQ Questionnaire for identifying children aged 1 to 3 years at nutritional risk
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Scientific Women's Health. ; 2:1, January, s. 15-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Toddlers' life is an important period for growth and development. Nutritional deficiencies created during this periodare almost hard to compensate. This implies the need for timely, accurate and cost-effective screening of toddlers. Traditional meth-ods of checking food intake are time consuming and expensive.Objectives: Validate the NutriCHEQ questionnaire in assessment of the relevance of model and dietary intake of toddlers in Iran.Methods: 155 children aged 12 to 36 months were randomly selected from health centers in the northen Tehran province. Theirparents were asked to register all of their foods and beverage intakes. Each day, a trained expert contacted them to get informationon food recalls, which were reviewed by Nutritionist 4. The NutriCHEQ questionnaire contained three parts; Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3.Finally, using the above information and statistical methods including Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA and Bonfer-roni's test, for analyzing the data.Results: The reliability of the first section was 0.62 and for the second section was 0.6. The mean NutriCHEQ scores for the first,second sections and total, were 2.12 ± 1.23, 3.43 ± 1.98 and 5.55 ± 2. 51, respectively. According to the NutriCHEQ score, 14 children(13%) were in the high risk group. There was a significant difference (p<0.5) between the risk groups in terms of percentage ofcarbohydrate energy, protein energy, vitamin D, iron. In the second section, there was a significant difference (p<0.5) between thegroups in terms of daily intake of fiber.Conclusion: The NutriCHEQ questionnaire seems to be a reliable and convenient tool for professionals and parents to identify chil-dren aged 1 to 3 who are at nutritional risk. Keywords: Children, Malnutrition, Nutritional Screening, Outpatient, Validation
|
|
| 4. |
- Olang, Beheshteh, et al.
(författare)
-
Breastfeeding in Iran: prevalence, duration and current recommendations.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International breastfeeding journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1746-4358. ; 4:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The need to promote breastfeeding is unquestionable for the health and development of infants. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, duration and promotion of breastfeeding status in Iran with respect to the Baby Friendly Hospital, government actions and activities by the Breastfeeding Promotion Society including comparison with European countries. METHODS: This retrospective study is based on data from 63,071 infants less than 24 months of age in all the 30 urban and rural provinces of Iran. The data of breastfeeding rates were collected in 20052006 by trained health workers in the Integrated Monitoring Evaluation System in the Family Health Office of the Ministry of Health to evaluate its subordinate offices. A translated version of a questionnaire, used to assess the current breastfeeding situation in Europe, was used. RESULTS: At a national level, 90% and 57% of infants were breastfed at one and two-years of age, respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding rates at 4 and 6 months of age at national level averaged 56.8% and 27.7%. Exclusive breastfeeding rates at 4 and 6 months of age in rural areas were 58% and 29%, and in urban areas 56% and 27%, respectively. The policy questionnaire showed that out of the 566 hospitals across the country 466 hospitals were accredited as Baby Friendly Hospitals, covering more than 80% of the births in 2006. A national board set standards and certified pre-service education at the Ministry of Health. Iran officially adopted the WHO International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes in 1991. The legislation for working mothers met the International Labour Organization standards that cover women with formal employment. The Ministry of Health and Breastfeeding Promotion Society were responsible for producing booklets, pamphlets, breastfeeding journal, CD, workshops and websites. Monitoring of breastfeeding rates was performed every four years and funded by the Ministry of Health within the budgets assigned to the health care system. CONCLUSION: In comparison to many European Union countries, Iran showed a favorable situation in terms of breastfeeding rates and promotion of breastfeeding. Iran still needs to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months.
|
|
| 5. |
- Olang, Beheshteh, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimal vitamin A and suboptimal vitamin D status are common in Iranian infants
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:3, s. 439-444
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Investigation of serum concentrations of vitamins A and D in Iranian infants. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, investigating 7112 infants (1523 months of age) from all regions of Iran, who attended health care centres from May 25 to June 2, 2001. Unequal clusters with unequal household sizes were sampled. Vitamin A and D levels were analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The mean (SD) concentration of vitamin A was 2.09 (0.83) mu mol/L. At a national level, 0.7% of the infants had a level indicating deficiency, and 0.5% of the infants had insufficient concentrations of vitamin A, defined as serum concentrations < 0.35 and < 0.7 mu mol/L retinol, respectively. A total of 88% of infants had optimal concentrations (> 1.4 mu mol /L). The mean (SD) concentration of vitamin D was 61.3 (31.4) nmol/L. Deficiency was found in 2.8% of infants (< 25 nmol/L), and insufficiency in 32.9% (< 50 nmol/L). Suboptimal and optimal concentrations were found in 44% and 20%, representing 50-75 and > 75 nmol/L, respectively. Girls had lower vitamin D concentrations than boys (p = 0.006). Conclusion: As in developed countries, vitamin A deficiency was rare in Iranian infants. Vitamin D deficiency was also rare, but 33% of infants had insufficient levels; this was more common in girls than boys.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Olang, Beheshteh, et al.
(författare)
-
Vitamin a and d status in iranian infants
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 55, s. 249-249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 8. |
- Olang, Beheshteh, et al.
(författare)
-
Vitamin A status in pregnant women in Iran in 2001 and its relationship with province and gestational age
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 58, s. 25707-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Vitamin A deficiency is considered as one of the public health problems among pregnant women worldwide. Population representative data on vitamin A status in pregnancy have not previously been published from Iran.Objectives: The aim of this study was to publish data on vitamin A status in pregnant women in all the provinces of Iran in 2001, including urban and rural areas, and to describe the association of vitamin A status with maternal age, gestational age, and parity.Design: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 3,270 healthy pregnant women from the entire country, 2,631 with gestational age <= 36 weeks, and 639 with gestational age > 36 weeks. Vitamin A status was determined in serum using high-performance liquid chromatography.Result: Retinol levels corresponding to deficiency were detected in 6.6% (<0.36 mu mol/L) and 18% had insufficient vitamin A levels (>= 0.36- <0.7 mu mol/L). Suboptimal level of serum retinol was observed in 55.3% of the pregnant women (0.7-1.4 mu mol/L). Only about 20% of the women had optimal values (> 1.4 mu mol/L). The level of serum retinol was lower in older pregnant women (p = 0.008), and at higher gestational age (p = 0.009). High vitamin A levels were observed in pregnant women in the central areas of Iran and the lowest values in those in the southern areas of Iran.Conclusions: The vitamin A status was good in 2001 but should be closely monitored also in the future. About 25% of pregnant women had a vitamin A status diagnosed as insufficient or deficient (<0.7 mu mol/L). The mean serum retinol decreased as the gestational age increased. The clinical significance of this finding should be further investigated, followed by a careful risk group approach to supplementation during pregnancy.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sayyari, Ali-Akbar, et al.
(författare)
-
Methodology of the Comprehensive Program on Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Iranian Children and Adolescents : The IRAN-Ending Childhood Obesity (IRAN-ECHO) Program
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Preventive Medicine. - 2008-7802 .- 2008-8213. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The World Health Organization program on Ending Childhood Obesity (WHO-ECHO) has developed a comprehensive and integrated package of recommendations to address childhood obesity. The present study, entitled IRAN-ECHO, was designed and implemented in the framework of the WHO-ECHO program.Methods: The IRAN-ECHO program is implementing multicomponent interventions by considering life course dimensions. The program has two parts: a population approach and an individual approach. The population approach considers different periods in life, including prenatal, infancy, childhood, and adolescence, as well as family and society. The individual approach targets those children or adolescents with overweight or obesity; this part is conducted as a referral system that is now integrated in the current national health system. As part of the population approach, a quasi-experimental study was conducted in six provinces to compare the status before and after implementing parts of the interventions. By intersectoral collaboration with different organizations, multicomponent interventions are conducted for different age groups.Results: The IRAN-ECHO program is being conducted in six provinces, and will be considered in all provinces in the near future. Its main effects could be assessed in future years. Part of this program that was conducted as a quasi-experimental survey comprised 7149 students and showed that a high percentage of students had acceptable knowledge about adverse health effects of overweight and obesity. However, the knowledge about the low nutritional value of unhealthy snacks such as potato chips, puffs, industrial juices, and carbonated drinks was not appropriate. Many participants had the undesirable attitude of skipping one of the main meals when attempting to lose weight.Conclusions: The IRAN-ECHO program is presenting the feasibility of conducting the WHO-ECHO recommendations in Iran. The scope of potential policy recommendations to decrease childhood obesity is extensive and includes various elements. This program considers multisectoral interventions through population and individual approaches. The multicomponent interventions of this program address the obesogenic environment by considering the life course dimensions. It is expected that, by its life course interventions, it could help in primordial and primary prevention of noncommunicable diseases.
|
|
