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- Di Benedetto, M. D., et al.
(författare)
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Wireless ventilation control for large-scale systems : The mining industrial case
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 6th IEEE Annual Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks Workshops. - 9781424439386
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mining ventilation is an interesting example of a large scale system with high environmental impact where advanced control strategies can bring major improvements. Indeed, one of the first objectives of modern mining industry is to fulfill environmental specifications [1] during the ore extraction and crushing, by optimizing the energy consumption or the production of polluting agents. The mine electric consumption was 4 % of total industrial electric demand in the US in 1994 (6 % in 2007 in South Africa) and 90 % of it was related to motor system energy [2]. Another interesting figure is given in [3] where it is estimated that the savings associated with global control strategies for fluid systems (pumps, fans and compressors) represent approximately 20 % of the total manufacturing motor system energy savings. This motivates the development of new control strategies for large scale aerodynamic processes based on appropriate automation and a global consideration of the system. More specifically, the challenge in this work is focused on the mining ventilation since as much as 50 % or more of the energy consumed by the mining process may go into the ventilation (including heating the air). It is clear that investigating automatic control solutions and minimizing the amount of pumped air to save energy consumption (proportional to the cube of airflow quantity [4]) is of great environmental and industrial interest.
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- Sobetkii, A., et al.
(författare)
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Deposition And Characterization Of Thin Films Based On Nanostructured Wo3 As Sensorial Elements For Detection O F H2S
- 2020
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Ingår i: REVISTA ROMANA DE MATERIALE-ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MATERIALS. - : SERBAN SOLACOLU FOUNDATION. - 1583-3186. ; 50:3, s. 387-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin nanostructured films are the state-of-the-art materials for detection of very low limits of toxic gases. The work presents a comparison between the properties of WO3 thin films obtained by two different deposition techniques: Advanced Gas Deposition (AGD) and DC Reactive Sputtering. Films have been characterized by XRD, SEM and XPS. WO3-based sensors have selective sensitivity in H2S detection at operating temperature of 200 degrees C and relative humidity specific to field applications. The potential interferences with CO2, SO2 and NH3 are negligible, highlighting the application potential of WO3.
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- Witrant, E., et al.
(författare)
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Wireless ventilation control for large-scale systems : The mining industrial case
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control. - : Wiley. - 1049-8923 .- 1099-1239. ; 20:2, s. 226-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a new industrial case on automation, for large-scale systems with high environmental impact: the mining ventilation control systems. Ventilation control is essential for the operation of a mine in terms of safety (CO and NO, regulation) and energy optimization. We first discuss a novel regulation architecture, highlighting the interest for a model-based control approach and the use of distributed sensing capabilities thanks to a wireless sensor network (WSN). We propose a new model for underground ventilation. The main components of the system dynamics are described with time-delays, transmission errors, energy losses and concentration profiles. Two different model-based control approaches, which can embody the complex dynamics of the system, are proposed. The first one resorts to a nonlinear model predictive control strategy (receding horizon) and aims to energy minimization, thanks to a continuous operation of the fans. The second one, based on a hybrid description of the model and fans operation, provides automatic verification of the wireless control thanks to abstraction techniques. These control strategies are compared with simulations, in terms of regulation efficiency, energy consumption and the need for computational capabilities. The industrial case description and control strategies open new vistas for the development of global system approaches that allow for the optimization of energy consumption of complex large-scale systems.
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- Heyckendorf, J, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of anti-tuberculosis treatment duration based on a 22-gene transcriptomic model
- 2021
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 58:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Health Organization recommends standardised treatment durations for patients with tuberculosis (TB). We identified and validated a host-RNA signature as a biomarker for individualised therapy durations for patients with drug-susceptible (DS)- and multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB.MethodsAdult patients with pulmonary TB were prospectively enrolled into five independent cohorts in Germany and Romania. Clinical and microbiological data and whole blood for RNA transcriptomic analysis were collected at pre-defined time points throughout therapy. Treatment outcomes were ascertained by TBnet criteria (6-month culture status/1-year follow-up). A whole-blood RNA therapy-end model was developed in a multistep process involving a machine-learning algorithm to identify hypothetical individual end-of-treatment time points.Results50 patients with DS-TB and 30 patients with MDR-TB were recruited in the German identification cohorts (DS-GIC and MDR-GIC, respectively); 28 patients with DS-TB and 32 patients with MDR-TB in the German validation cohorts (DS-GVC and MDR-GVC, respectively); and 52 patients with MDR-TB in the Romanian validation cohort (MDR-RVC). A 22-gene RNA model (TB22) that defined cure-associated end-of-therapy time points was derived from the DS- and MDR-GIC data. The TB22 model was superior to other published signatures to accurately predict clinical outcomes for patients in the DS-GVC (area under the curve 0.94, 95% CI 0.9–0.98) and suggests that cure may be achieved with shorter treatment durations for TB patients in the MDR-GIC (mean reduction 218.0 days, 34.2%; p<0.001), the MDR-GVC (mean reduction 211.0 days, 32.9%; p<0.001) and the MDR-RVC (mean reduction of 161.0 days, 23.4%; p=0.001).ConclusionBiomarker-guided management may substantially shorten the duration of therapy for many patients with MDR-TB.
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- Heyckendorf, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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What Is Resistance? Impact of Phenotypic versus Molecular Drug Resistance Testing on Therapy for Multi-and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 62:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid and accurate drug susceptibility testing (DST) is essential for the treatment of multi-and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB). We compared the utility of genotypic DST assays with phenotypic DST (pDST) using Bactec 960 MGIT or Lowenstein-Jensen to construct M/XDR-TB treatment regimens for a cohort of 25 consecutive M/XDR-TB patients and 15 possible anti-TB drugs. Genotypic DST results from Cepheid GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) and line probe assays (LPAs; Hain GenoType MTBDRplus 2.0 and MTBDRsl 2.0) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were translated into individual algorithmderived treatment regimens for each patient. We further analyzed if discrepancies between the various methods were due to flaws in the genotypic or phenotypic test using MIC results. Compared with pDST, the average agreement in the number of drugs prescribed in genotypic regimens ranged from just 49% (95% confidence interval [ CI], 39 to 59%) for Xpert and 63% (95% CI, 56 to 70%) for LPAs to 93% (95% CI, 88 to 98%) for WGS. Only the WGS regimens did not contain any drugs to which pDST showed resistance. Importantly, MIC testing revealed that pDST likely underestimated the true rate of resistance for key drugs (rifampin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and kanamycin) because critical concentrations (CCs) were too high. WGS can be used to rule in resistance even in M/XDR strains with complex resistance patterns, but pDST for some drugs is still needed to confirm susceptibility and construct the final regimens. Some CCs for pDST need to be reexamined to avoid systematic false-susceptible results in low-level resistant isolates.
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- Liebel, Grischa, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing model complexity in automotive system development : Selection of system model elements for allocation of requirements
- 2016
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Ingår i: MODELSWARD 2016. - : SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications. - 9789897581687 ; , s. 168-175
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern automotive embedded systems are developed by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) together with multiple suppliers. A key problem for a supplier is to allocate an OEM’s requirements specification to their own subsystem design. This is a difficult manual task especially on complex systems and it requires expert knowledge about the system design. To address this problem, this paper presents a design science research to develop and evaluate a Requirements Allocation Assistant tool (RAA). The tool provides functionality to search through and filter requirements and system models to enable efficient requirements allocation even in the presence of complexity. RAA is built on top of the EATOP/Eclipse framework using EAST-ADL as system modelling language. The tool was evaluated and validated during a qualitative usability study with 17 engineers active in the Swedish automotive industry. Key findings are that searching is used to learn about a system, whereas filtering is used to narrow down a set of candidate elements of the system design. Engineers request further support in narrowing down a set of candidate elements and in checking that an allocation is correct.
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