1. |
- Pittman, S. J., et al.
(författare)
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Seascape ecology : identifying research priorities for an emerging ocean sustainability science
- 2021
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : INTER-RESEARCH. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 663, s. 1-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seascape ecology, the marine-centric counterpart to landscape ecology, is rapidly emerging as an interdisciplinary and spatially explicit ecological science with relevance to marine management, bio-diversity conservation, and restoration. While important progress in this field has been made in the past decade, there has been no coherent prioritisation of key research questions to help set the future research agenda for seascape ecology. We used a 2-stage modified Delphi method to solicit applied research questions from academic experts in seascape ecology and then asked respondents to identify priority questions across 9 interrelated research themes using 2 rounds of selection. We also invited senior management/conservation practitioners to prioritise the same research questions. Analyses highlighted congruence and discrepancies in perceived priorities for applied research. Themes related to both ecological concepts and management practice, and those identified as priorities include seascape change, seascape connectivity, spatial and temporal scale, ecosystem-based management, and emerging technologies and metrics. Highest-priority questions (upper tercile) received 50% agreement between respondent groups, and lowest priorities (lower tercile) received 58% agreement. Across all 3 priority tiers, 36 of the 55 questions were within a +/- 10% band of agreement. We present the most important applied research questions as determined by the proportion of votes received. For each theme, we provide a synthesis of the research challenges and the potential role of seascape ecology. These priority questions and themes serve as a roadmap for advancing applied seascape ecology during, and beyond, the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030).
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2. |
- Cronin, T. M., et al.
(författare)
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Holocene paleoceanography and glacial history of Lincoln Sea, Ryder Glacier, Northern Greenland, based on foraminifera and ostracodes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Marine Micropaleontology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-8398 .- 1872-6186. ; 175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We reconstructed Holocene paleoceanography of the Sherard Osborn Fjord (SOF), N Greenland, and Lincoln Sea in the eastern Arctic Ocean using sediment properties and micropaleontology from cores obtained during the Ryder 2019 Expedition. Our aims were to better understand faunal indicators of water mass influence on Ryder Glacier and the Lincoln Sea at water depths >500 m. Benthic microfaunal reflect glacio-marine interval during late deglaciation ~10.5 to 8.5 ka (kiloannum) during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) with dominant benthic foraminiferal species Cassidulina neoteretis, Cassidulina reniforme, and the ostracode Rabilimis mirabilis. Casssidulina neoteretis is considered an indicator of Atlantic Water (AW) throughout the Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas; C. reniforme reflects glacio-marine conditions from the retreating Ryder Glacier. Deglaciation was followed by a period of elevated productivity and diverse ostracode faunal assemblages that suggest AW influence from 8.5 to 6 ka in the Lincoln Sea and inside SOF. The Holocene occurrence of the ostracode species Acetabulastoma arcticum, that appears in low numbers in the Lincoln Sea and briefly (~ 4–3 ka) in SOF, reflects the presence of variable sea ice in this region. Based on the similarities of the Lincoln Sea and fjord ostracodes to modern and glacial-deglacial faunas from the central Arctic Ocean, the AW influence likely originates from recirculation of AW water from the central Arctic Basin. In general, our results suggest a strong but temporally varying influence of AW during the entire 10.5 kyr record of the Lincoln Sea and SOF.
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3. |
- Martin, Tyson S. H., et al.
(författare)
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Habitat proximity exerts opposing effects on key ecological functions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 33:8, s. 1273-1286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Connectivity is an important property of landscapes that shapes populations and ecosystem functioning. We do not know, however, whether and how different types of spatial linkages combine to influence ecological functions, and this hampers their integration into conservation planning. We used coral reef seascapes in eastern Australia as a model system to test whether the proximity of other reefs (habitat proximity) or the proximity of other habitats (seascape proximity) exert stronger effects on two key ecological functions (herbivory and piscivory). We measured rates of herbivory (on fleshy macroalgae) and piscivory (on prey fish) on reefs that differed in their proximity to both other reefs and nearby mangroves and seagrass. The extent of habitat proximity between reefs significantly influenced both ecological functions, but in different ways: isolated reefs supported high herbivory but low piscivory, whilst, conversely, reefs that were closer to other reefs supported high piscivory but low herbivory. This was not caused by herbivores avoiding their predators, as the dominant piscivores (small predatory snappers) were too small to consume the dominant herbivores (large rabbitfishes). Seascape proximity (e.g., distance to mangroves or seagrass) was less important in shaping ecological functions on reefs in this system. We suggest that the effects of seascape configuration on ecological functions depends on the type of spatial linkage, and the ecological functions in question. To better integrate connectivity into conservation, we must develop a deeper understanding of how different spatial linkages combine to shape ecosystem functioning across landscapes.
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