| 1. |
- Ntalla, Ioanna, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ancestry GWAS of the electrocardiographic PR interval identifies 202 loci underlying cardiac conduction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrocardiographic PR interval reflects atrioventricular conduction, and is associated with conduction abnormalities, pacemaker implantation, atrial fibrillation (AF), and cardiovascular mortality. Here we report a multi-ancestry (N=293,051) genome-wide association meta-analysis for the PR interval, discovering 202 loci of which 141 have not previously been reported. Variants at identified loci increase the percentage of heritability explained, from 33.5% to 62.6%. We observe enrichment for cardiac muscle developmental/contractile and cytoskeletal genes, highlighting key regulation processes for atrioventricular conduction. Additionally, 8 loci not previously reported harbor genes underlying inherited arrhythmic syndromes and/or cardiomyopathies suggesting a role for these genes in cardiovascular pathology in the general population. We show that polygenic predisposition to PR interval duration is an endophenotype for cardiovascular disease, including distal conduction disease, AF, and atrioventricular pre-excitation. These findings advance our understanding of the polygenic basis of cardiac conduction, and the genetic relationship between PR interval duration and cardiovascular disease. On the electrocardiogram, the PR interval reflects conduction from the atria to ventricles and also serves as risk indicator of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Here, the authors perform genome-wide meta-analyses for PR interval in multiple ancestries and identify 141 previously unreported genetic loci.
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| 2. |
- Olesen, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Bringing Sociology of Law back into Pierre Bourdieu’s Sociology: Elements of Bourdieu’s Sociology of Law and Dispute Transformation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social & Legal Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0964-6639 .- 1461-7390. ; 32:2, s. 177-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The academic response to Bourdieu's sociology of law has mainly followed his Weberian focus on the role of legal professionals in state transformations. However, rereading Bourdieu's “The Force of Law” through the lens of its references and relating it to the sociology of law “of the moment” (i.e. that of the 1980s), it becomes clear that Bourdieu's sociology of law is more sophisticated than has generally been acknowledged. In this article, we reread Bourdieu's article with a specific focus on the hitherto overlooked parts that elucidate dispute transformation. We unpack one of Bourdieu's most central sources, Felstiner et al. (1981), by rereading it in the light of Bourdieu's sociological tools. Emphasizing Bourdieu's implicit points about the pre-dispute phase accentuates how habitual dispositions and forms of capital have an impact on the possibilities available to citizens to transform a justiciable problem into a legal dispute.
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| 3. |
- Olesen, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Lawyers' pro bono work in Denmark
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Pro Bono: Causes, Consequences, and Contestation. - 9781108476157 ; , s. 446-476
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter is based on a document analysis of 632 issues of the Danish Bar and Law Society’s trade magazine published from 1976-2018, and interviews with lawyers from the Scandinavian countries. The empirical findings concerning the structures and rationales dominating and defining the trajectory of lawyers’ voluntary work for the last four decades suggest that voluntary work targeted at those most in need has always been included in Danish lawyers’ narratives – but has however changed over time. Voluntary legal work was previously unsystematic and carried out tacitly as private affairs between local lawyers and clients. Concurrently with law firms began to merge in the 1980s and a reconfiguration of the universal welfare state simultaneously took place and placed a greater responsibility on the third sector’s voluntary work, legal voluntary work slowly changed. Inspired by Anglo-American law firms, the few new large law firms’ voluntary work became an enterprise based on branding strategies and CSR programs targeted at large organizations, communities and other potential business partners. The changing division of voluntary labor indirectly left solo practitioners and lawyers at small law offices to focus their voluntary work on mainly private clients and the grassroots tradition of ‘Lawyers on call’.
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| 4. |
- Olesen, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Reaching the unreachable through action research? Thomas Mathiesen and the Nordic socio-legal tradition
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Ingår i: Justice, Power and Resistance. - 2398-2764. ; , s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thomas Mathiesen has been a source of inspiration for research in critical sociology, criminology, and the sociology of law for many decades. Mathiesen’s impact extends far beyond the academic realm, as his action research lives on. This intervention discusses the ongoing influence of Mathiesen’s action research approach, which integrates research, education, and societal impact. This is illustrated through an action research project we conducted in Denmark’s largest marginalised living area, where over 1,000 public housing units are being demolished, affecting approximately 2,500 residents. In the project, we experimented with different outreach legal aid approaches, considering our own positionalities, to gain knowledge about how to establish a legal aid infrastructure thatcould reach the unreachable. An ethical dilemma we faced was how we could engage with thepeople without inadvertently naming issues, particularly legal problems, of which they might not be aware. If the residents were unaware of these issues or did not consider them important, could we then inadvertently create and juridify new problems for them? Moreover, this intervention discusses how, in alignment with Mathiesen, we combined legal aid with legal clinical education, that is, training law students to become legal aid workers. We conclude that Mathiesen’s approach remains relevant, and by integrating his action research with decolonial thoughts, new insights may emerge to reach the seemingly unreachable.
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| 5. |
- Olesen, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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The dynamic and iterative pre-dispute phases: the transformation from a justiciable problem into a legal dispute
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Law and Society. - : Wiley. - 0263-323X .- 1467-6478. ; 50:1, s. 120-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pre-dispute phase, during which justiciable problems may or may not emerge and transform into legal cases, is complex. Based on a meta-ethnography of 572 articles, all of which apply or refer to Felstiner et al.’s pioneering linear framework of naming, blaming, and claiming, we analysed the many sorting mechanisms that are at play in the pre-dispute phase. We identified the institutional, political, cultural, and legal environments of various action arenas and the involvement of negotiating audiences as particularly important elements. Moreover, we found that the injured party's experiences and handling of a justiciable problem do not necessarily follow a predetermined chronology. Rather, we suggest that the process is dynamic and iterative, where the justiciable problem is repeatedly (re)named, (re)blamed, and (re)claimed, before it transforms into a legal case, develops in an alternative direction, or remains unchanged.
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| 6. |
- Olesen, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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The penal voluntary sector’s role in the Nordic countries: A shadow state?
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Welfare Rights in Practice: Regulation, Professionals, and Citizen. - London : Palgrave Macmillian.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter analyses and compares the challenges faced by the Danish, Finnish, and Swedish penal voluntary sector organisations (PVSOs). Our data indicates that the main challenges across the three Nordic countries relate to precarious funding structures and disorganised co-operation with the prison and probation services. Furthermore, the Nordic PVSOs are subjected to many similar constraints regarding their independence and critical voice as noted in previous Anglophone research. We argue that neoliberal transformations have increased the importance of Nordic PVSOs and placed them in a sense in a position of a shadow state. We also suggest that the PVSOs’ unstable position compromises prisoners’ and released prisoners’ access to welfare rights and jeopardises their possibilities for successful reintegration.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ravishankar, Harsha, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking Ca2+ ATPase intermediates in real time by x-ray solution scattering
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 2375-2548. ; 6:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) transporters regulate calcium signaling by active calcium ion reuptake to internal stores. Structural transitions associated with transport have been characterized by x-ray crystallography, but critical intermediates involved in the accessibility switch across the membrane are missing. We combined time-resolved x-ray solution scattering (TR-XSS) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for real-time tracking of concerted SERCA reaction cycle dynamics in the native membrane. The equilibrium [Ca-2] E1 state before laser activation differed in the domain arrangement compared with crystal structures, and following laser-induced release of caged ATP, a 1.5-ms intermediate was formed that showed closure of the cytoplasmic domains typical of E1 states with bound Ca2+ and ATP. A subsequent 13-ms transient state showed a previously unresolved actuator (A) domain arrangement that exposed the ADP-binding site after phosphorylation. Hence, the obtained TR-XSS models determine the relative timing of so-far elusive domain rearrangements in a native environment.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Young, William J., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic analyses of the electrocardiographic QT interval and its components identify additional loci and pathways
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The QT interval is a heritable electrocardiographic measure associated with arrhythmia risk when prolonged. Here, the authors used a series of genetic analyses to identify genetic loci, pathways, therapeutic targets, and relationships with cardiovascular disease. The QT interval is an electrocardiographic measure representing the sum of ventricular depolarization and repolarization, estimated by QRS duration and JT interval, respectively. QT interval abnormalities are associated with potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmia. Using genome-wide multi-ancestry analyses (>250,000 individuals) we identify 177, 156 and 121 independent loci for QT, JT and QRS, respectively, including a male-specific X-chromosome locus. Using gene-based rare-variant methods, we identify associations with Mendelian disease genes. Enrichments are observed in established pathways for QT and JT, and previously unreported genes indicated in insulin-receptor signalling and cardiac energy metabolism. In contrast for QRS, connective tissue components and processes for cell growth and extracellular matrix interactions are significantly enriched. We demonstrate polygenic risk score associations with atrial fibrillation, conduction disease and sudden cardiac death. Prioritization of druggable genes highlight potential therapeutic targets for arrhythmia. Together, these results substantially advance our understanding of the genetic architecture of ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
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