| 1. |
- Fredholm, Kent
(författare)
-
Genvägar, omvägar och irrvägar : Gymnasieelevers användning av maskinöversättning under uppsatsskrivande på spanska
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Based on four published articles on Swedish upper secondary school pupils’ use of online resources during essay writing in Spanish L3, this thesis in educational work and Romance languages focuses, from a language education perspective, on the use of machine translation. Two of the articles observe pupils’ use of online resources in general, and of Google Translate in particular, revealing a complex weave of strategies where Swedish, Spanish, and English are used to search, change and control word sequences, simultaneously including lexical, morphological, and syntactic aspects of the languages. The other articles study the effects of machine translation on text length and on lexical, morphological, and syntactic accuracy and complexity, as compared to texts written with printed dictionaries as the only translation tool. The results point to small but statistically significant positive and negative effects on complexity and accuracy. As for effects on vocabulary, the use of machine translation is shown to increase lexical diversity as long as it remains in use, the effect, however, vanishing when the tool is no longer utilised.In the introductory chapters of the thesis, the results from the articles are re-analysed from a Gibsonian ecological affordance perspective, focusing on the pupils’ explorative and performative interactions with the affordances of machine translation, and on the pupils’ strengths and challenges when handling the Spanish language.The thesis contributes to a deepened understanding of the complexity of foreign language learners’ interactions with machine translation, and further points to the importance of strengthening (meta-)linguistic awareness, linguistic self-confidence, and technological know-how in foreign language education. The thesis also underscores the importance of language teachers’ taking an active part in reinforcing the above-mentioned areas, and raises key questions about the future of writing in foreign language education.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hermansson, Carina, 1965-
(författare)
-
Nomadic Writing : Exploring Processes of Writing in Early Childhood Education
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores how writing is made in two Swedish early childhood classrooms with a focus on how processes of writing are constituted in the writing event and what writings and writers the event offers potentials for. Theoretically, the research project takes its starting point in the assumption that processes of writing are an effect of relations between different elements, where the young writer is only one part of many human and non-human matters that make way for multiple becomings of writing and writers. In this context, the figuration of the nomad thought of Deleuze and Guattari is particularly applicable as it builds on the assumption that everything is always connected, continuously moving. The questions addressed are how the processes of writers, text-like writings and educational writing processes emerge, continue and transform in the writing event, and what writers, text-like writings and educational writing processes the event offers potentials for.The thesis consists of three research articles based on different empirical data. The first article builds on data from the thinking and talking about writing and the writing child in scholarly literature since the 19th century. The second and third articles are based on analyses of ethnographic documentation of six- to seven-year-olds’ writing activities in two early childhood classrooms. The ethnographic strategies of the audio and video recordings, field notes, informal interviews and the collection of children’s text-like writings were carried out over a period of one and a half year during which the children moved from preschool class to their first year of school.The findings of the first article suggest that the image of the ideal writing and the ideal writer has changed over time. However, the image of the young writer training for adult life predominates over time. The main result of the second article shows in specific ways that the mutual production of stabilizing processes of writing and processes of experimentation are vital components for becomings of writers and writing, irrespective of pedagogical framings. The finding of the third article illustrates how the teaching method of creative writing produced over time creates multiple pedagogical trajectories of “doing method” and “doing creativity”.The thesis posits nomadic writing as a way to account for the movement, the connectivity and change in the processes of writing, thus contributing to an understanding of how the processes of writing create potentialities for multiple becomings of writers and writing.
|
|
| 3. |
- Larsson, Maria
(författare)
-
Resultatet av ett prov : Svensklärare om washbackeffekter av nationellt läsförståelseprov på gymnasiet
- 2018
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När lärares undervisning blir påverkad av ett nationellt prov talar man om washbackeffekter av provet. Det är vad den här licentiatuppsatsen handlar om. Genom att studera svensklärares uppfattningar om det nationella läsförståelseprovet i kursen Svenska 1 på gymnasiet belyser studien vad som kan hända när nationell policy bestående av ett nationellt prov möter den lokala kontexten i form av enskilda lärares undervisning. I studien har arton gymnasielärare i svenska fått komma till tals genom intervjuer.Resultaten visar att det nationella läsförståelseprovet i Svenska 1 inte i någon nämnvärd utsträckning påverkar lärarnas undervisning. Detta beror dels på att lärarna uppfattar att undervisningen redan behandlar det som provet testar, dels på att lärarna inte anser att resultatet på provet är användbart vid betygsättningen. Lärarna uppfattar också att deras tolkningar av vad läsförståelse är skiljer sig från provkonstruktörens. Delvis kan detta bero på att lärarna saknar ett metaspråk för att tala om läsförståelse och bedömning av elevers läskompetens.Maria Larsson är verksam gymnasielärare i svenska och engelska vid Lugnetgymnasiet i Falun och har bedrivit forskarstudier på halvtid med start höstterminen 2013. Hon har ingått i forskarskolan Skolnära som är ett samarbete mellan Högskolan Dalarna och Karlstads universitet.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ljung Egeland, Birgitta, 1965-
(författare)
-
Berättelser om tillhörighet : om barn med migrationsbakgrund på en mindre ort
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis centres on children of immigrant background, who live and go to school in a non-urban community. The emphasis is on their narrated experience of a sense of belonging in and out of school. The study is based on interviews with 13 children at two different schools in two small-sized municipalities, and aimed at identifying the factors in their narratives that impact on their sense of belonging as well as the related conditions and means of action. The interviews were conversational and most of the children were interviewed on three occasions. Each result chapter analyses a specific dilemmatic space related to a sense of belonging, such as peer relationships, trips to the “home country”, and managing in school. In particular, the emotions related to the children’s narrative positionings are analysed as well as the narrative resources employed in their narration. The results show that their sense of belonging is produced in the interplay between the conditions of immigration and the socio-cultural conditions in the small-sized community. The children describe extensive relational and emotional work to enter into comradeship. Dimensions of being like and unlike gain importance and involve clothing, height and colour of skin. Several of the children describe how they cope with ‘racifying’ and other excluding processes of ‘othering’ on a daily basis. Trips to the home country emerge as central events in their lives and it is clear that a sense of belonging is connected to place attachment and anchored in embodied sensory emotions. Managing school is important to all the children but is attributed different meanings in the pursuit of the long-term goal of employment. In conclusion, the children’s experiences are discussed in terms of two interwoven and sometimes separate projects emerging in the children's narratives: the Swedishness project and the family project.
|
|
| 5. |
- Tanner, Marie, 1965-
(författare)
-
Lärarens väg genom klassrummet : Lärande och skriftspråkande i bänkinteraktioner på mellanstadiet
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation takes an interest in learning and literacy in everyday interaction in the middle year classroom. It is based on a view of learning as emically construed in social interaction. Conversation Analysis (CA) and the concept of epistemic stance are used as a theoretical framing for describing in what way, and with what verbal and non-verbal resources, learning is achieved in desk interaction, i.e. when students work individually at their desks while the teacher moves around to support them. Almost without exceptions, these interactions involve the use of texts. Hence, they are viewed as situated literacy events that are part of the institutionally shaped literacy practices as described in the field of New Literacy Studies.The empirical data for this study comes from a video-ethnographic study in two middle year classrooms in grade four and five. Out of a total of 70 hours of video documentation, a selection of interrelated desk interactions was made. These were analyzed as learning trajectories and compared from two perspectives. Firstly, learning trajectories when a teacher repeatedly interacts with the same student about the same learning content were analyzed. Secondly, the changes in the teacher’s epistemic stance when interacting with different students about the same learning content in repeated desk interactions were studied.The analysis shows that the teacher’s trajectories through the classroom build infrastructures for learning, enabling differentiation between students within the constraints and possibilities of evolving routines. Learning in desk interaction mainly relies on the use of text references to index previously shared knowledge. Epistemic topicalizations and recurring semiotic fields are shown to be crucial resources for both maintaining and changing the epistemic stance of the participants towards the learning content constituted in interaction. A conclusion is that the shared experiences of teachers and students in collective literacy events serve as important resources for learning in individual desk interaction.
|
|
| 6. |
- Thuresson, Hanna, 1972-
(författare)
-
Att läsa bilder med kroppen : En studie om yngre förskolebarns kommunicerande
- 2013
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to examine young pre-school children´s literacy with a focus on their communication about pictures. Based on the ethnographic method and video-recorded observations, this study demonstrates how young children communicate about pictures in various media.The results show that the body language used by young children in combination with various media pictures has a complex structure involving facial expressions, physical gestures and postures, which all contribute to making meaning. The study also focuses on pictures common in the pre-school environment. The results in this area show that the majority of such pictures feature animals, a circumstance that restricts the children’s meaning-making potential. Furthermore, the study pays attention to the variations in the balance of power among the children when they communicate about pictures in a book placed on the floor.The study concludes with a pedagogical discussion of teachers’ use of various media and language stimulation methods to promote literacy in the light of the finding that children use a more bodily-based method of communication.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1962-
(författare)
-
Förutsättningar för elevinflytande i grundsärskolan : Tillit, lyhördhet och vilja
- 2017
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The curricula that defines special needs education in Swedish grammar schools states that students with intellectual disabilities should be given the possibility to participate in the planning and shaping of teaching and learning activities. The purpose of the study is to examine conditions regarding special needs students’ influence and how this influence is mediated. The focus of the study is subject based classroom situations. The method for collecting data has been observations. The empirical data consists of around 16 hours of video recordings, in addition to field notes. The observations took place in two special schools and all together 10 pupils, 5 teachers, and two student assistants participated. The theoretical framework is based on sociocultural theory with a specific focus on mediation. By using the theoretical terms object and subject positioning, the study also focuses on how teachers and students position themselves and each other. The results show that the students with intellectual disabilities are given opportunities for influence, but not very frequently. The most important mediating factors to promote influence are the teachers´ trust in the students´ abilities and skills, and the teacher’s keen responsiveness to the students’ expressed personal will. Influence is mediated both through the possibilities of participation that teachers offer, and the teachers’ affirmation of the students’ requests. Furthermore, the study shows that students are more likely to gain influence in one-to-one meetings with the teacher, where the focus is on the student’s individual interests and preferences. In order to provide increased levels of influence to all students with intellectual disabilities, teachers need to plan the education with focus on democratic processes.
|
|
| 8. |
- Blom, Thomas, 1972-
(författare)
-
Tid för tillit : Kritiska ögonblick i rektorers vardagsarbete
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study focuses on principals’ leadership in the light of trust as a natural phenomenon. Trust has earlier been seen as a factor in management and organizations to create results. However, what leadership actions that principals and teachers perceive contribute to this trust has not been studied in a Swedish school context. The purpose is to contribute to a deepened knowledge of what in everyday situations that are perceived to contribute to trust between principals and teachers. Taking the theoretical framework from Løgstrup as a point of departure, interviews with six principals and fourteen teachers have been conducted. At first, the principals were interviewed about situations they perceived had trust in the relation with teachers. Secondly, teachers were interviewed about the same situation. The analyses point to that principals’ attitude affect the way they act. This attitude toward the other could be central on how principals create a space in their relations to teachers where trust can exist, use time to the other and interact in the situation. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of an interacting leadership that create a space for trust in the relations between principals and teachers.
|
|
| 9. |
- Carlman, Peter, 1976-
(författare)
-
”Det är halvidrott, kanske lite mer än halvidrott” : Idrottsskolan som en praktik för formandet av idrottsbarndomar
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the dissertation was to investigate children’s views on and experiences of The Sport for All programme in school (SAP) (idrottsskolor) and the significance of the activities for children’s ”sports childhood”.The study is anchored in the so-called “new sociology of childhood”. Such a standpoint is based on that children are competent social actors with agency. Following that, childhood is constructed both by actors in specific fields and by the children in these social practices.The dissertation is based on three interview studies from three different SAPs. In study I fifteen individual interviews were conducted with: the programme manager, three school teachers, two sport club leaders and nine children (aged 9-10). Study II was based on repeated focus group interviews with 15 ten-year-old Swedish children participating in a SAP. In study III individual interviews were conducted with eight children, four years after they completed their participation in a SAP. In all three studies the children described the SAP as a different sport practice in relation to traditional organized sport. In the SAP sport was offered in a new context with other meanings and functions compared to conventionally organized sport. But, study II showed that children with a strong performance ethos had the capacity to influence and control the practice in the SAP, which contribute to a “competitive atmosphere” in the SAP activities. Further, study III showed that children with a weak interest in sport enjoyed the activities. However, it was not something this certain group of children wanted to continue to practice outside the program. While other participants with an already established interest in sports, experienced a deepening and widening of their sport interest through the SAP.In terms of agency, the children’s individual and collective views of sport are important to consider in regard to understanding the SAP practice. The children brought prior knowledge, understanding and skills into the SAP, which can contribute to the experience of the practice.
|
|
| 10. |
- Duek, Susanne, 1968-
(författare)
-
Med andra ord : Samspel och villkor för litteracitet bland nyanlända barn
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis centres on six children, aged four to nine, who relatively recently immigrated to Sweden. The children’s encounters with literacy are in focus. These children are not only new arrivals to Sweden, they also have in common that Swedish is their second language and that their parents have had little or no formal education prior to arriving in Sweden. The study draws on sociocultural approaches to literacy, and more specifically the field of New Literacy Studies. In this study, reading and writing are viewed as social practices comprising different related sociocultural aspects such as norms, values, habits, traditions and ideologies, and the study concentrates on social and ideological perspectives on literacy. Bourdieu’s notions of habitus and symbolic capital have also been used for the analysis.The empirical material was collected through an ethnographic approach. Each child was followed for one year, particularly at school/preschool. The children’s homes were also visited, and their parents and teachers were interviewed. Observations involved different degrees of participation and were documented through field notes and photographs. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. In addition, artefacts and school material from the field were collected or photographed. A qualitative content analysis of the collected data was performed.The analysis show that sociocultural incongruence, coupled with flawed communication between the schools and the homes, caused the children less continuity between school and home practices. Though, the results also show, that the children studied to a considerable extent adapted to the monolingual, homogenous norms when they participated in school practices. These children are therefore highly adaptable, while their teachers found it much harder to handle or even be aware of sociocultural incongruences.
|
|
