| 1. |
- Ahlqvist, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Supply chain risk management strategies in normal and abnormal times: policymakers' role in reducing generic medicine shortages
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. - 0960-0035. ; 53:2, s. 206-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – This paper links supply chain risk management to medicine supply chains to explore the role ofpolicymakers in employing supply chain risk management strategies (SCRMS) to reduce generic medicineshortages.Design/methodology/approach – Using secondary data supplemented with primary data, the authors mapand compare seven countries’ SCRMS for handling shortage risks in their paracetamol supply chains beforeand during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.Findings – Consistent with recent research, the study finds that policymakers had implemented few SCRMSspecifically for responding to disruptions caused by COVID-19. However, shortages were largely avoided sincemultiple strategies for coping with business-as-usual disruptions had been implemented prior to the pandemic.The authors did find that SCRMS implemented during COVID-19 were not always aligned with thoseimplemented pre-pandemic. The authors also found that policymakers played both direct and indirect roles.Research limitations/implications – Combining longitudinal secondary data with interviews sheds lighton how, regardless of the level of preparedness during normal times, SCRMS can be leveraged to avertshortages in abnormal times. However, the problem is highly complex, which warrants further research.Practical implications – Supply chain professionals and policymakers in the healthcare sector can use thefindings when developing preparedness and response plans.Social implications – The insights developed can help policymakers improve the availability of high-volumegeneric medicines in (ab)normal times.Originality/value – The authors contribute to prior SCRM research in two ways. First, the authorsoperationalize SCRMS in the medicine supply chain context in (ab)normal times, thereby opening avenues forfuture research on SCRM in this context. Second, the authors develop insights on the role policymakers playand how they directly implement and indirectly influence the adoption of SCRMS. Based on the study findings,the authors develop a framework that captures the diverse roles of policymakers in SCRM.
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| 2. |
- Almohandes, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy of bone-level assessments following reconstructive surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 33:4, s. 433-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of bone-level assessments using either cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), intra-oral peri-apical (PA) radiographs or histology following reconstructive treatment of experimental peri-implantitis. Materials and Methods Six Labrador dogs were used. Experimental peri-implantitis was induced 3 months after implant placement. Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis was performed and peri-implant defects were allocated to one of four treatment categories; no augmentation, bone graft materials with or without a barrier membrane. Six months later, intra-oral PA radiographs and block biopsies from all implants sites were obtained. Marginal bone levels (MBLs) were measured using PA radiographs, CBCT and histology. Results Significant correlations of MBL assessments were observed between the three methods. The measurements in PA radiographs consistently resulted in an overestimation of the bone level of about 0.3-0.4 mm. The agreement between the methods was not influenced by the use of bone substitute materials in the management of the osseous defects. Conclusions Although MBL assessments obtained from PA radiographs showed an overestimation compared to MBL assessments on corresponding CBCT images and histological sections, PA radiographs can be considered a reliable technique for peri-implant bone-level evaluations following reconstructive surgical therapy of experimental peri-implantitis.
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| 3. |
- Bergfelt, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Compacting Singleshot Multi-Plane Image via Scale Adjustment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct, ISMAR-Adjunct 2023. - 9798350328912 ; , s. 549-554
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recent singleshot multiplane image (MPI) generation enables to copy an observed reality within a camera frame into other reality domains via view synthesis. While the scene scale is unknown due to the nature of singleshot MPI processing, camera tracking algorithms can estimate depth within the application world coordinate system. Given such depth information, we propose to adjust the scale of singleshot MPI to that of the currently observed scene. We find the individual scales of the MPI layers by minimizing the differences between the depth of MPI rendering and that of camera tracking. We eventually found that many layers fall within a close depth. Therefore, we merge such layers into one to compact the MPI representation. We compared our method with baselines using real and synthetic datasets with dense and sparse depth inputs. Our results demonstrate that our algorithm achieves higher scores in image metrics and reduces MPI data amount by up to 78%.
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| 4. |
- Bylesjö, Max, et al.
(författare)
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OPLS discriminant analysis: combining the strengths of PLS-DA and SIMCA classification
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemometrics. - : Wiley. - 0886-9383 .- 1099-128X. ; 20:8-10, s. 341-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The characteristics of the OPLS method have been investigated for the purpose of discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). We demonstrate how class-orthogonal variation can be exploited to augment classification performance in cases where the individual classes exhibit divergence in within-class variation, in analogy with soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) classification. The prediction results will be largely equivalent to traditional supervised classification using PLS-DA if no such variation is present in the classes. A discriminatory strategy is thus outlined, combining the strengths of PLS-DA and SIMCA classification within the framework of the OPLS-DA method. Furthermore, resampling methods have been employed to generate distributions of predicted classification results and subsequently assess classification belief. This enables utilisation of the class-orthogonal variation in a proper statistical context. The proposed decision rule is compared to common decision rules and is shown to produce comparable or less class-biased classification results.
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| 5. |
- Carcuac, Olivier, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Spontaneous progression of experimental peri-implantitis in augmented and pristine bone. A pre-clinical in vivo study.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161. ; 31:2, s. 192-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine progression of experimental peri-implantitis around different implants placed in augmented and pristine sites. M&M: 6 Labrador dogs were used. 3months after tooth extraction, 4 implants with different surface modifications were installed on each side of the mandible. A standard osteotomy was applied on one side, while on the contralateral side the osteotomy was modified, resulting in a gap between the implant and the bone wall. The gap was filled with a bone substitute and covered by a resorbable membrane. 3months after implant installation, implants were exposed and healing abutments were connected. 2months later, oral hygiene procedures were abandoned and a cotton ligature was placed in a submarginal position around the neck of all implants and kept in place for 4weeks. Following ligature removal, plaque formation continued for 6months (spontaneous progression period). Radiographs were obtained throughout the experiment and biopsies were collected and prepared for histological evaluation at the end of the spontaneous progression period.Differences in bone loss during the spontaneous progression period between pristine and augmented sites were small. The size and vertical dimension of the peri-implantitis lesion were larger at augmented than at pristine sites. Implants with non-modified surfaces exhibited smaller amounts of bone loss and smaller dimensions of peri-implantitis lesions than implants with modified surfaces.Small differences in spontaneous progression of peri-implantitis were detected between pristine and augmented sites. Implants with modified surfaces exhibited more bone loss and larger lesions than implants with non-modified surfaces, irrespective of the type of surrounding bone.
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| 6. |
- Carcuac, Olivier, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: 3-year results from a randomized controlled clinical trial.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical periodontology. - : Wiley. - 1600-051X .- 0303-6979. ; 44:12, s. 1294-1303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reports on the 3-year follow-up of patients enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial on surgical treatment of advanced peri-implantitis.A total of 100 patients with advanced peri-implantitis were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Surgical therapy aiming at pocket elimination was performed and, in three test groups, supplemented by either systemic antibiotics, use of an antiseptic agent for implant surface decontamination or both. Outcomes were evaluated after 1 and 3years by means of clinical and radiological examinations. Differences between groups were explored by regression analysis.Clinical examinations at 3years after treatment revealed (i) improved peri-implant soft tissue health with a mean reduction in probing depth of 2.7mm and a reduction in bleeding/suppuration on probing of 40% and (ii) stable peri-implant marginal bone levels (mean bone loss during follow-up: 0.04mm). Implant surface characteristics had a significant impact on 3-year outcomes, in favour of implants with non-modified surfaces. Benefits of systemic antibiotics were limited to implants with modified surfaces and to the first year of follow-up.It is suggested that surgical treatment of peri-implantitis is effective and that outcomes of therapy are affected by implant surface characteristics. Potential benefits of systemic antibiotics are not sustained over 3years.
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| 7. |
- Carde, Patrice, et al.
(författare)
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Eight Cycles of ABVD Versus Four Cycles of BEACOPP(escalated) Plus Four Cycles of BEACOPP(baseline) in Stage III to IV, International Prognostic Score >= 3, High-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma : First Results of the Phase III EORTC 20012 Intergroup Trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 34:17, s. 2028-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To compare patients with high-risk stage III to IV Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in the phase III European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 20012 Intergroup trial (Comparison of Two Combination Chemotherapy Regimens in Treating Patients With Stage III or Stage IV Hodgkin's Lymphoma) who were randomly assigned to either doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) or to bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP). Patients and Methods Patients with clinical stage III or IV HL, International Prognostic Score of 3 or higher, and age 60 years or younger received ABVD for eight cycles (ABVD(8)) or escalated-dose BEACOPP (BEACOPP(escalated)) for four cycles followed by baseline BEACOPP (BEACOPP(baseline)) for four cycles (BEACOPP(4+4)) without radiotherapy. Primary end points were event-free survival (EFS), treatment discontinuation, no complete response (CR) or unconfirmed complete response (CRu) after eight cycles, progression, relapse, or death. Secondary end points were CR rate, overall survival (OS), quality of life, secondary malignancies, and disease-free survival in CR/CRu patients. Results Between 2002 and 2010, 549 patients were randomly assigned to ABVD(8) (n = 275) or BEACOPP(4+4) (n = 274). Other characteristics included median age, 35 years; male, 75%; stage IV, 74%; "B" symptoms, 81%; and International Prognostic Score >= 4, 59%. WHO performance status was 0 (34%), 1 (48%), or 2 (17%). Median follow-upwas 3.6 years. CR/CRu was 82.5% in both arms. At 4 years, EFS was 63.7% for ABVD(8) versus 69.3% for BEACOPP(4+4) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.15; P = .312); disease-free survival was 85.8% versus 91.0% (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.06; P = .076), and OS was 86.7% versus 90.3% (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.42 to 1.21; P = .208). Death as a result of toxicity occurred in six and five patients, early discontinuation (before cycle 5) in 12 and 26 patients, treatment crossovers in five and 10 patients, and secondary malignancies in eight and 10 patients in the ABVD(8) and BEACOPP(4+4) arms, respectively. Conclusion ABVD(8) and BEACOPP(4+4) resulted in similar EFS and OS in patients with high-risk advanced-stage HL. Because BEACOPP(4+4) did not demonstrate a favorable effectiveness or toxicity ratio compared with ABVD(8), treatment burden, immediate and late toxicities, and associated costs must be considered before selecting one of these regimens on which to build future treatment strategies.
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| 8. |
- Godechot, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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Ups and downs in finance, ups without downs in inequality
- 2022
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Ingår i: Socio-Economic Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1475-1461 .- 1475-147X. ; 21:3, s. 1601-1627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The upswing in finance in recent decades has led to rising inequality, but do downswings in finance lead to a symmetric decline in inequality? We analyze the asymmetry of the effect of ups and downs in finance, and the effect of increased capital requirements and the bonus cap on national earnings inequality. We use administrative employer–employee-linked data from 1990 to 2019 for 12 countries and data from bank reports, from 2009 to 2017 in 13 European countries. We find a strong asymmetry in the effect of upswings and downswings in finance on earnings inequality, a weak, if any, mitigating effect of capital requirements on finance’s contribution to inequality, and a restructuring but no absolute effect of the bonus cap on financiers’ earnings. We suggest that while rising financiers’ wages increase inequality in upswings, they are resilient in downswings and thus downswings do not contribute to a symmetric decline in inequality.
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| 9. |
- Hesse, Bernhard, et al.
(författare)
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Alterations of Mass Density and 3D Osteocyte Lacunar Properties in Bisphosphonate- Related Osteonecrotic Human Jaw Bone, a Synchrotron mu CT Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:2, s. e88481-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteonecrosis of the jaw, in association with bisphosphonates (BRONJ) used for treating osteoporosis or cancer, is a severe and most often irreversible side effect whose underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Osteocytes are involved in bone remodeling and mineralization where they orchestrate the delicate equilibrium between osteoclast and osteoblast activity and through the active process called osteocytic osteolysis. Here, we hypothesized that (i) changes of the mineralized tissue matrix play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of BRONJ, and (ii) the osteocyte lacunar morphology is altered in BRONJ. Synchrotron mu CT with phase contrast is an appropriate tool for assessing both the 3D morphology of the osteocyte lacunae and the bone matrix mass density. Here, we used this technique to investigate the mass density distribution and 3D osteocyte lacunar properties at the sub-micrometer scale in human bone samples from the jaw, femur and tibia. First, we compared healthy human jaw bone to human tibia and femur in order to assess the specific differences and address potential explanations of why the jaw bone is exclusively targeted by the necrosis as a side effect of BP treatment. Second, we investigated the differences between BRONJ and control jaw bone samples to detect potential differences which could aid an improved understanding of the course of BRONJ. We found that the apparent mass density of jaw bone was significantly smaller compared to that of tibia, consistent with a higher bone turnover in the jaw bone. The variance of the lacunar volume distribution was significantly different depending on the anatomical site. The comparison between BRONJ and control jaw specimens revealed no significant increase in mineralization after BP. We found a significant decrease in osteocyte-lacunar density in the BRONJ group compared to the control jaw. Interestingly, the osteocyte-lacunar volume distribution was not altered after BP treatment.
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| 10. |
- Khong, L.M.D., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-layer perceptron training algorithms for pattern recognition of myoelectric signals
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMEiCON 2013 - 6th Biomedical Engineering International Conference. - 9781479914678
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A challenge in using myoelectric signals in control of motorised prostheses is achieving effective signal pattern recognition and robust classification of intended motions. In this paper, the performance of Matlab's Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) backpropogation training algorithms in motion classification were assessed. The test and evaluation platform used was 'BioPatRec', a Matlab-based open-source prosthetic control development environment, together with algorithms sourced from Matlab's neural network toolbox. The algorithms were used to interpret multielectrode myoelectric signals for motion classification, with the aim of finding the best performing algorithm and network model. The results showed that Matlab's trainlm and trainrp algorithms could achieve a higher accuracy than other tested MLP training algorithms (94.13 ± 0.037% and 91.09 ± 0.047%, respectively). Discussion of these results investigates significant features to obtain the highest performance.
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