| 1. |
- Arking, D. E., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic association study of QT interval highlights role for calcium signaling pathways in myocardial repolarization
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:8, s. 826-836
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The QT interval, an electrocardiographic measure reflecting myocardial repolarization, is a heritable trait. QT prolongation is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) and could indicate the presence of the potentially lethal mendelian long-QT syndrome (LQTS). Using a genome-wide association and replication study in up to 100,000 individuals, we identified 35 common variant loci associated with QT interval that collectively explain ∼ 8-10% of QT-interval variation and highlight the importance of calcium regulation in myocardial repolarization. Rare variant analysis of 6 new QT interval-associated loci in 298 unrelated probands with LQTS identified coding variants not found in controls but of uncertain causality and therefore requiring validation. Several newly identified loci encode proteins that physically interact with other recognized repolarization proteins. Our integration of common variant association, expression and orthogonal protein-protein interaction screens provides new insights into cardiac electrophysiology and identifies new candidate genes for ventricular arrhythmias, LQTS and SCD. © 2014 Nature America, Inc.
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| 2. |
- Bahls, M., et al.
(författare)
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Progression of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and vascular disease risk in individuals: insights from the PROG-IMT consortium
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 27:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Averaged measurements, but not the progression based on multiple assessments of carotid intima-media thickness, (cIMT) are predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in individuals. Whether this is true for conventional risk factors is unclear. Methods and results: An individual participant meta-analysis was used to associate the annualised progression of systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with future cardiovascular disease risk in 13 prospective cohort studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration (n = 34,072). Follow-up data included information on a combined cardiovascular disease endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, or vascular death. In secondary analyses, annualised progression was replaced with average. Log hazard ratios per standard deviation difference were pooled across studies by a random effects meta-analysis. In primary analysis, the annualised progression of total cholesterol was marginally related to a higher cardiovascular disease risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00 to 1.07). The annualised progression of systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not associated with future cardiovascular disease risk. In secondary analysis, average systolic blood pressure (HR 1.20 95% CI 1.11 to 1.29) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.16) were related to a greater, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97) was related to a lower risk of future cardiovascular disease events. Conclusion: Averaged measurements of systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol displayed significant linear relationships with the risk of future cardiovascular disease events. However, there was no clear association between the annualised progression of these conventional risk factors in individuals with the risk of future clinical endpoints. © The European Society of Cardiology 2019.
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| 3. |
- Barnes, P. W., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021
- 2022
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Ingår i: Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-905X .- 1474-9092. ; 31, s. 275-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme evaluates effects on the environment and human health that arise from changes in the stratospheric ozone layer and concomitant variations in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface. The current update is based on scientific advances that have accumulated since our last assessment (Photochem and Photobiol Sci 20(1):1–67, 2021). We also discuss how climate change affects stratospheric ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, and how stratospheric ozone depletion affects climate change. The resulting interlinking effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change are assessed in terms of air quality, carbon sinks, ecosystems, human health, and natural and synthetic materials. We further highlight potential impacts on the biosphere from extreme climate events that are occurring with increasing frequency as a consequence of climate change. These and other interactive effects are examined with respect to the benefits that the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments are providing to life on Earth by controlling the production of various substances that contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change. © 2022, The Author(s).
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| 4. |
- Bernhard, G. H., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change : UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019
- 2020
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Ingår i: Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1474-905X .- 1474-9092. ; 19:5, s. 542-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This assessment, by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), one of three Panels informing the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, provides an update, since our previous extensive assessment (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, 18, 595–828), of recent findings of current and projected interactive environmental effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, stratospheric ozone, and climate change. These effects include those on human health, air quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and materials used in construction and other services. The present update evaluates further evidence of the consequences of human activity on climate change that are altering the exposure of organisms and ecosystems to UV radiation. This in turn reveals the interactive effects of many climate change factors with UV radiation that have implications for the atmosphere, feedbacks, contaminant fate and transport, organismal responses, and many outdoor materials including plastics, wood, and fabrics. The universal ratification of the Montreal Protocol, signed by 197 countries, has led to the regulation and phase-out of chemicals that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. Although this treaty has had unprecedented success in protecting the ozone layer, and hence all life on Earth from damaging UV radiation, it is also making a substantial contribution to reducing climate warming because many of the chemicals under this treaty are greenhouse gases.
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| 5. |
- Bernhard, G. H., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019
- 2020
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Ingår i: Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-905X .- 1474-9092. ; 19:5, s. 542-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Royal Society of Chemistry and Owner Societies. This assessment, by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), one of three Panels informing the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, provides an update, since our previous extensive assessment (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, 18, 595-828), of recent findings of current and projected interactive environmental effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, stratospheric ozone, and climate change. These effects include those on human health, air quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and materials used in construction and other services. The present update evaluates further evidence of the consequences of human activity on climate change that are altering the exposure of organisms and ecosystems to UV radiation. This in turn reveals the interactive effects of many climate change factors with UV radiation that have implications for the atmosphere, feedbacks, contaminant fate and transport, organismal responses, and many outdoor materials including plastics, wood, and fabrics. The universal ratification of the Montreal Protocol, signed by 197 countries, has led to the regulation and phase-out of chemicals that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. Although this treaty has had unprecedented success in protecting the ozone layer, and hence all life on Earth from damaging UV radiation, it is also making a substantial contribution to reducing climate warming because many of the chemicals under this treaty are greenhouse gases.
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| 6. |
- Blokland, G. A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Sex-Dependent Shared and Nonshared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 91:1, s. 102-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sex differences in incidence and/or presentation of schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BIP) are pervasive. Previous evidence for shared genetic risk and sex differences in brain abnormalities across disorders suggest possible shared sex-dependent genetic risk. Methods: We conducted the largest to date genome-wide genotype-by-sex (G×S) interaction of risk for these disorders using 85,735 cases (33,403 SCZ, 19,924 BIP, and 32,408 MDD) and 109,946 controls from the PGC (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium) and iPSYCH. Results: Across disorders, genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphism–by-sex interaction was detected for a locus encompassing NKAIN2 (rs117780815, p = 3.2 × 10−8), which interacts with sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) enzymes, implicating neuronal excitability. Three additional loci showed evidence (p < 1 × 10−6) for cross-disorder G×S interaction (rs7302529, p = 1.6 × 10−7; rs73033497, p = 8.8 × 10−7; rs7914279, p = 6.4 × 10−7), implicating various functions. Gene-based analyses identified G×S interaction across disorders (p = 8.97 × 10−7) with transcriptional inhibitor SLTM. Most significant in SCZ was a MOCOS gene locus (rs11665282, p = 1.5 × 10−7), implicating vascular endothelial cells. Secondary analysis of the PGC-SCZ dataset detected an interaction (rs13265509, p = 1.1 × 10−7) in a locus containing IDO2, a kynurenine pathway enzyme with immunoregulatory functions implicated in SCZ, BIP, and MDD. Pathway enrichment analysis detected significant G×S interaction of genes regulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling in MDD (false discovery rate-corrected p < .05). Conclusions: In the largest genome-wide G×S analysis of mood and psychotic disorders to date, there was substantial genetic overlap between the sexes. However, significant sex-dependent effects were enriched for genes related to neuronal development and immune and vascular functions across and within SCZ, BIP, and MDD at the variant, gene, and pathway levels. © 2021 Society of Biological Psychiatry
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| 7. |
- Kauristie, K., et al.
(författare)
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On the Usage of Geomagnetic Indices for Data Selection in Internal Field Modelling
- 2017
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - : SPRINGER. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 206:1-4, s. 61-90
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a review on geomagnetic indices describing global geomagnetic storm activity (Kp, am, Dst and dDst/dt) and on indices designed to characterize high latitude currents and substorms (PC and AE-indices and their variants). The focus in our discussion is in main field modelling, where indices are primarily used in data selection criteria for weak magnetic activity. The publicly available extensive data bases of index values are used to derive joint conditional Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) for different pairs of indices in order to investigate their mutual consistency in describing quiet conditions. This exercise reveals that Dst and its time derivative yield a similar picture as Kp on quiet conditions as determined with the conditions typically used in internal field modelling. Magnetic quiescence at high latitudes is typically searched with the help of Merging Electric Field (MEF) as derived from solar wind observations. We use in our PDF analysis the PC-index as a proxy for MEF and estimate the magnetic activity level at auroral latitudes with the AL-index. With these boundary conditions we conclude that the quiet time conditions that are typically used in main field modelling (, and ) correspond to weak auroral electrojet activity quite well: Standard size substorms are unlikely to happen, but other types of activations (e.g. pseudo breakups ) can take place, when these criteria prevail. Although AE-indices have been designed to probe electrojet activity only in average conditions and thus their performance is not optimal during weak activity, we note that careful data selection with advanced AE-variants may appear to be the most practical way to lower the elevated RMS-values which still exist in the residuals between modeled and observed values at high latitudes. Recent initiatives to upgrade the AE-indices, either with a better coverage of observing stations and improved baseline corrections (the SuperMAG concept) or with higher accuracy in pinpointing substorm activity (the Midlatitude Positive Bay-index) will most likely be helpful in these efforts.
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| 8. |
- Ofstad, R., et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing liquid-holding capacity and structural changes during heating of comminuted cod (gadus morhua l.) muscle
- 1996
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Ingår i: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 29:42006, s. 173-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The loss of liquid in cod muscle finely comminuted with salt was studied as a function of heating temperature from 5 to 70 °C. Three different groups of raw material were tested: wild and farmed maturing cod and wild post-spawn cod. The effects of ionic strength, pH and heating temperature upon liquid-holding capacity were examined either individually or simultaneously by using a general linear statistical model. The liquid-holding capacity was measured by a low-speed centrifugation net test. The microscopic changes of the comminuted samples were evaluated by light microscopy. The intact muscle, used as raw material, was investigated with light and transmission electron microscopy. The liquid loss was very low and almost constant between 5 and 30 °C, and increased rapidly thereafter at elevated temperatures. NaCl concentration, pH, heating temperature and interactions among these factors influenced the liquid released according to a first-order interaction linear model. Upon comminution with salt, most of the fibre structure is lost and a homogeneous phase is formed from the depolymerized myofibrils. Pores and gaps appeared in the protein matrix upon heating, enhancing the liquid loss. Melted collagen was seen either as a thin film or as an aggregated network structure, depending on the temperature, in the aqueous phase filling the pores and gaps. Wild, maturing cod possessed better liquid-holding capacity at higher heating temperatures than did both farmed and post-spawn fish, owing to different fibre structure. Post-spawn fish underwent a more severe degradation than did the maturing fish during ice-storage. ©1996 Academic Press Limited.
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| 9. |
- Ofstad, R., et al.
(författare)
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Liquid-holding capacity and structural changes in comminuted salmon (Salmo salar) muscle as influenced by pH, salt and temperature
- 1995
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Ingår i: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 28:3, s. 329-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The loss of liquid in salmon muscle comminuted with salt was studied as a function of pH and heating temperature. A factorial experiment was designed to compare the effects of; the raw material, NaCl concentration, pH, degree of comminution and heating temperature in order to evaluate both main effects and interaction effects. The liquid-holding capacity was measured by a low speed centrifugation net test. The changes in microstructure in the samples were investigated by light microscopy using fat- and protein-staining techniques. The heating temperature, pH, NaCl concentration, variation of raw material and degree of comminution influenced liquid loss according to a second-order interaction linear model. The interaction effect between low pH, low salt concentration and high temperature was strongest. Addition of salt extracted the myofibrillar proteins and resulted in a homogeneous protein matrix with few intact fibres and uniformly dispersed fat droplets. Liquid loss was closely related to the microstructure of the comminutions. When heated above 30 °C, enlarged pores and gaps, some of them forming channels, occurred in the protein matrix. In comminutions prepared with a low salt concentration and/or a low pH the more frequent presence of pores and gaps enhanced the liquid loss. © 1995 Academic Press Limited.
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| 10. |
- Ofstad, R., et al.
(författare)
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Liquid loss as effected by post mortem ultrastructural changes in fish muscle : Cod (Gadus morhua L) and salmon (Salmo salar)
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - 0022-5142 .- 1097-0010. ; 71:3, s. 301-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was performed in order to assess the effect of early post mortem structural changes in the muscle upon the liquid-holding capacity of wild cod, net-pen-fed cod (fed cod) and farmed salmon. The liquid- holding capacity was measured by a low speed centrifugation test. Transmission electron microscopy was used to discover ultrastructural changes both in the connective tissue and in the myofibrils. Differential scanning calorimetric thermograms of the muscle proteins were recorded to elucidate whether fundamental differences did exist between the proteins of the raw material tested. Multivariate statistics were used to explicate the main tendencies of variations in the thermograms. The salmon muscle possessed much better liquid-holding properties than the cod muscle, and wild cod better than fed cod regardless of the storage time. Both fed cod and farmed salmon, underwent the most severe structural alterations, probably caused by the low muscle pH values. The higher liquid-holding capacity of the salmon muscle was related to species specific structural features and better stability of the muscle proteins. The myofibrils of the salmon muscle were denser and intra- and extracellular spaces were filled by fat and a granulated material. The differences in thermograms of muscle from wild and fed cod were largely explained by the variations in pH. The severe liquid loss of fed cod is due to a low pH induced denaturation and shrinkage of the myofibrils. Post mortem degradation of the endomysial layer and the sarcolemma may have further facilitated the release of liquid.
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