| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Bridel, Claire, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:9, s. 1035-1048
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate biomarker for neuroaxonal damage. The influence of age and sex is largely unknown, and levels across neurological disorders have not been compared systematically to date.Objectives To assess the associations of age, sex, and diagnosis with NfL in CSF (cNfL) and to evaluate its potential in discriminating clinically similar conditions.Data Sources PubMed was searched for studies published between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, reporting cNfL levels (using the search terms neurofilament light and cerebrospinal fluid) in neurological or psychiatric conditions and/or in HC.Study Selection Studies reporting NfL levels measured in lumbar CSF using a commercially available immunoassay, as well as age and sex.Data Extraction and Synthesis Individual-level data were requested from study authors. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the fixed effects of age, sex, and diagnosis on log-transformed NfL levels, with cohort of origin modeled as a random intercept.Main Outcome and Measure The cNfL levels adjusted for age and sex across diagnoses.Results Data were collected for 10 059 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [18.8] years; 54.1% female). Thirty-five diagnoses were identified, including inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (n = 2795), dementias and predementia stages (n = 4284), parkinsonian disorders (n = 984), and HC (n = 1332). The cNfL was elevated compared with HC in a majority of neurological conditions studied. Highest levels were observed in cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals (iHIV), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington disease. In 33.3% of diagnoses, including HC, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), cNfL was higher in men than women. The cNfL increased with age in HC and a majority of neurological conditions, although the association was strongest in HC. The cNfL overlapped in most clinically similar diagnoses except for FTD and iHIV, which segregated from other dementias, and PD, which segregated from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Conclusions and Relevance These data support the use of cNfL as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and indicate that age-specific and sex-specific (and in some cases disease-specific) reference values may be needed. The cNfL has potential to assist the differentiation of FTD from AD and PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
|
|
| 3. |
- Diaz-Tendero, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Electron propagation along Cu nanowires supported on a Cu(111) surface
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 8:9, s. 2712-2717
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a joint experimental-theoretical study of the one-dimensional band of excited electronic states with sp character localized on Cu nanowires supported on a Cu(III) surface. Energy dispersion and lifetime of these states have been obtained, allowing the determination of the mean distance traveled by an excited electron along the nanowire before it escapes into the substrate. We show that a Cu nanowire supported on a Cu(III) surface can guide a one-dimensional electron flux over a short distance and thus can be considered as a possible component for nanoelectronics devices.
|
|
| 4. |
- Diaz-Tendero, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Excited electron dynamics in Cu nanowires supported on a Cu(111) surface
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 79:11, s. 115438 (artno)-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a theoretical study of the excited electron dynamics in infinite Cu monoatomic chains (nanowires) supported on a Cu(111) surface. A joint approach based on the wave packet propagation and the density functional theory is used. The nanowire-induced potential obtained from ab initio density functional theory calculations serves as an input for the wave-packet propagation study of the excited electron dynamics. The energy dispersion and the lifetime of an unoccupied one-dimensional (1D) nanowire-localized electronic band with sp character are obtained. From the group velocity and lifetime of the 1D sp-band states, it follows that an excited electron can travel about four to five atomic sites along the nanowire before its escape into the bulk. We show that the surface projected band gap and the surface Brillouin zone backfolding of the substrate states play a fundamental role in the lifetime of the nanowire-localized states.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Repp, Jascha, et al.
(författare)
-
Imaging Bond Formation Between a Gold Atom and Pentacene on an Insulating Surface
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 312:5777, s. 1196-1199
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A covalent bond between an individual pentacene molecule and a gold atom was formed by means of single-molecule chemistry inside a scanning tunneling microscope junction. The bond formation is reversible, and different structural isomers can be produced. The single-molecule synthesis was done on ultrathin insulating films that electronically isolated the reactants and products from their environment. Direct imaging of the orbital hybridization upon bond formation provides insight into the energetic shifts and occupation of the molecular resonances.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Wu, Hao, et al.
(författare)
-
Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 23:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metformin is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its mechanism of action is poorly defined. Recent evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a site of metformin action. In a double-blind study, we randomized individuals with treatment-naive T2D to placebo or metformin for 4 months and showed that metformin had strong effects on the gut microbiome. These results were verified in a subset of the placebo group that switched to metformin 6 months after the start of the trial. Transfer of fecal samples (obtained before and 4 months after treatment) from metformin-treated donors to germ-free mice showed that glucose tolerance was improved in mice that received metformin-altered microbiota. By directly investigating metformin-microbiota interactions in a gut simulator, we showed that metformin affected pathways with common biological functions in species from two different phyla, and many of the metformin-regulated genes in these species encoded metalloproteins or metal transporters. Our findings provide support for the notion that altered gut microbiota mediates some of metformin's antidiabetic effects.
|
|
