| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Birkedal, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of granivorous rodents on direct seeding of oak and beech in relation to site preparation and sowing date
- 2010
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 259, s. 2382-2389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Planting bare-rooted seedlings is a rather expensive method to regenerate oak (Quercus robur) and beech (Fagus sylvatica). Direct seeding could reduce artificial regeneration costs substantially, but the method currently suffers from a number of problems, one of which is seed consumption by rodents. In the present study clear-cut areas in southern Sweden were prepared using one of four different mechanical site preparation methods - disc trenching, patch scarification, topsoil removal or mounding - - then manually sown with acorns and beech nuts. Acorns were sown in May and July 2006, and both acorns and beech nuts were sown in May 2007. Three years following sowing, best seedling establishment from viable acorns, 60-70%, was achieved after sowing in mounds in May, and the subsequent survival reached 90-100%. After the first growing season for beech, both seedling establishment and subsequent survival was lower than for oak, which coincides with a higher number of lost beech nuts at the excavation to investigate the fate of seeds. Granivorous rodents (Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, Mus musculus, and Myodes glareolus) were live-trapped more frequently in the vicinity of slash piles compared to other micro-site features, such as uprooted stumps, snags and stones. In 2006, no connection was found between number of rodents captured and proportion of lost seeds, while in 2007 the two were in good accordance. No clear relationship was found between number of captured rodents, vegetation cover class and mechanical site preparation method. More rodents were captured in 2007 than in 2006, and there was an increase in captures from spring until late summer/autumn for both years, which was mirrored in the seedling establishment result from the three different times of sowing. Based on experiences from the present study the recommendation for successful direct seeding of oak on clear-cuts is a combination of mounding site preparation, removal of slash and sowing in May rather than July. However, the results indicate that successful direct seeding of beech is more difficult to achieve. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Ecke, Frauke, et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary Relationships of Ljungan Virus Variants Circulating in Multi-Host Systems across Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The picornavirus named 'Ljungan virus' (LV, species Parechovirus B) has been detected in a dozen small mammal species from across Europe, but detailed information on its genetic diversity and host specificity is lacking. Here, we analyze the evolutionary relationships of LV variants circulating in free-living mammal populations by comparing the phylogenetics of the VP1 region (encoding the capsid protein and associated with LV serotype) and the 3D(pol) region (encoding the RNA polymerase) from 24 LV RNA-positive animals and a fragment of the 5 ' untranslated region (UTR) sequence (used for defining strains) in sympatric small mammals. We define three new VP1 genotypes: two in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) (genotype 8 from Finland, Sweden, France, and Italy, and genotype 9 from France and Italy) and one in field voles (Microtus arvalis) (genotype 7 from Finland). There are several other indications that LV variants are host-specific, at least in parts of their range. Our results suggest that LV evolution is rapid, ongoing and affected by genetic drift, purifying selection, spillover and host evolutionary history. Although recent studies suggest that LV does not have zoonotic potential, its widespread geographical and host distribution in natural populations of well-characterized small mammals could make it useful as a model for studying RNA virus evolution and transmission.
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| 4. |
- Ecke, Frauke, et al.
(författare)
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Geographical Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Bank Vole Hepaciviruses in Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of new diagnostic methods resulted in the discovery of novel hepaciviruses in wild populations of the bank vole (Myodes glareolus, syn. Clethrionomys glareolus). The naturally infected voles demonstrate signs of hepatitis similar to those induced by hepatitis C virus (HCV) in humans. The aim of the present research was to investigate the geographical distribution of bank vole-associated hepaciviruses (BvHVs) and their genetic diversity in Europe. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) screening revealed BvHV RNA in 442 out of 1838 (24.0%) bank voles from nine European countries and in one of seven northern red-backed voles (Myodes rutilus, syn. Clethrionomys rutilus). BvHV RNA was not found in any other small mammal species (n = 23) tested here. Phylogenetic and isolation-by-distance analyses confirmed the occurrence of both BvHV species (Hepacivirus F and Hepacivirus J) and their sympatric occurrence at several trapping sites in two countries. The broad geographical distribution of BvHVs across Europe was associated with their presence in bank voles of different evolutionary lineages. The extensive geographical distribution and high levels of genetic diversity of BvHVs, as well as the high population fluctuations of bank voles and occasional commensalism in some parts of Europe warrant future studies on the zoonotic potential of BvHVs.
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| 5. |
- Ecke, Frauke, et al.
(författare)
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Geographical Distribution of Ljungan Virus in Small Mammals in Europe
- 2020
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Ingår i: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1530-3667 .- 1557-7759. ; 20, s. 692-702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ljungan virus (LV), which belongs to the Parechovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family, was first isolated from bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in Sweden in 1998 and proposed as a zoonotic agent. To improve knowledge of the host association and geographical distribution of LV, tissues from 1685 animals belonging to multiple rodent and insectivore species from 12 European countries were screened for LV-RNA using reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. In addition, we investigated how the prevalence of LV-RNA in bank voles is associated with various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We show that LV is widespread geographically, having been detected in at least one host species in nine European countries. Twelve out of 21 species screened were LV-RNA PCR positive, including, for the first time, the red vole (Myodes rutilus) and the root or tundra vole (Alexandromys formerly Microtus oeconomus), as well as in insectivores, including the bicolored white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) and the Valais shrew (Sorex antinorii). Results indicated that bank voles are the main rodent host for this virus (overall RT-PCR prevalence: 15.2%). Linear modeling of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could impact LV prevalence showed a concave-down relationship between body mass and LV occurrence, so that subadults had the highest LV positivity, but LV in older animals was less prevalent. Also, LV prevalence was higher in autumn and lower in spring, and the amount of precipitation recorded during the 6 months preceding the trapping date was negatively correlated with the presence of the virus. Phylogenetic analysis on the 185 base pair species-specific sequence of the 5 ' untranslated region identified high genetic diversity (46.5%) between 80 haplotypes, although no geographical or host-specific patterns of diversity were detected.
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| 6. |
- Egberth, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Combining airborne laser scanning and Landsat data for statistical modeling of soil carbon and tree biomass in Tanzanian Miombo woodlands
- 2017
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Ingår i: Carbon Balance and Management. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1750-0680. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil carbon and biomass depletion can be used to identify and quantify degraded soils,and by using remote sensing, there is potential to map soil conditions over large areas.Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager satellite data and airborne laser scanning datawere evaluated separately and in combination for modeling soil organic carbon, aboveground tree biomass and below ground tree biomass. The test site is situated in theLiwale district in southeastern Tanzania and is dominated by Miombo woodlands. Treedata from 15m radius field-surveyed plots and samples of soil carbon down to a depthof 30cm were used as reference data for tree biomass and soil carbon estimations.Cross-validated plot level error (RMSE) for predicting soil organic carbon was 28%using only Landsat 8, 26% using laser only, and 23% for the combination of the two.The plot level error for above ground tree biomass was 66% when using only Landsat8, 50% for laser and 49% for the combination of Landsat 8 and laser data. Results forbelow ground tree biomass were similar to above ground biomass. Additionally it wasfound that an early dry season satellite image was preferable for modelling biomasswhile images from later in the dry season were better for modelling soil carbon.The results show that laser data is superior to Landsat 8 when predicting both soilcarbon and biomass above and below ground in landscapes dominated by Miombowoodlands. Furthermore, the combination of laser data and Landsat data weremarginally better than using laser data only.
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| 7. |
- Engert, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The European Hematology Association Roadmap for European Hematology Research : a consensus document
- 2016
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - Pavia, Italy : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 101:2, s. 115-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Hematology Association (EHA) Roadmap for European Hematology Research highlights major achievements in diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders and identifies the greatest unmet clinical and scientific needs in those areas to enable better funded, more focused European hematology research. Initiated by the EHA, around 300 experts contributed to the consensus document, which will help European policy makers, research funders, research organizations, researchers, and patient groups make better informed decisions on hematology research. It also aims to raise public awareness of the burden of blood disorders on European society, which purely in economic terms is estimated at (sic)23 billion per year, a level of cost that is not matched in current European hematology research funding. In recent decades, hematology research has improved our fundamental understanding of the biology of blood disorders, and has improved diagnostics and treatments, sometimes in revolutionary ways. This progress highlights the potential of focused basic research programs such as this EHA Roadmap. The EHA Roadmap identifies nine 'sections' in hematology: normal hematopoiesis, malignant lymphoid and myeloid diseases, anemias and related diseases, platelet disorders, blood coagulation and hemostatic disorders, transfusion medicine, infections in hematology, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These sections span 60 smaller groups of diseases or disorders. The EHA Roadmap identifies priorities and needs across the field of hematology, including those to develop targeted therapies based on genomic profiling and chemical biology, to eradicate minimal residual malignant disease, and to develop cellular immunotherapies, combination treatments, gene therapies, hematopoietic stem cell treatments, and treatments that are better tolerated by elderly patients.
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| 8. |
- Engman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Towards streamlined bank vole odor preference evaluation using Y-mazes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Mammal Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2199-2401 .- 2199-241X. ; 65, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seed consumption by rodents causes substantial economic losses in agriculture and forest restoration. Rodents rely on their sensitive sense of smell to gather information about their environment. However, comparably little is known about how rodents use olfaction to locate food. We used bank voles to measure attraction to acorn odors in a Y-maze. Preferences were measured using two behaviors: approaching (time spent in odor preference zones) and investigation (numbers of nose pokes in odor nozzle), which yielded similar results. Shorter time intervals (15 and 30 s) in the preference zones were at least as good as the longer time interval (60 s) for detecting differences in approaching behavior. In this way, it is possible to reduce the measurement time with approximately 50%. Investigation, which was evaluated using only one time interval (180 s), yielded longer measurement time. Acorns were as preferred as the familiar, standard food (rodent chow) while an acorn aeration extract did not produce any response. We conclude that short measurement times for the evaluation of attractive odors makes it possible to efficiently assay the wide range of volatile compounds from bank voles' natural foods which may be important in studies wishing to develop new rodent control methods.
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| 9. |
- Evander, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Puumala hantavirus viremia diagnosed by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR using samples from patients with hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 45:8, s. 2491-2497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Puumala virus (PUUV) is the endemic hantavirus in northern Sweden and causes nephropathia epidemica (NE), a milder form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. There is a need for fast and reliable diagnostics to differentiate the disease from other infections. By aligning virus RNA sequences isolated from 11 different bank voles and one human patient, we designed a real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR method for detection of PUUV RNA. The real-time RT-PCR assay showed linearity from 20 to 2 x 10(6) virus copies with a correlation coefficient above 0.98 to 0.99 for all experiments. The detection threshold for PUUV cDNA was two copies per reaction. A two-step qualitative RT-PCR to detect PUUV RNA showed 100% concordance with the real-time RT-PCR assay. PUUV RNA viremia was detected in 33 of 34 PUUV immunoglobulin M (IgM)-positive patients with typical clinical NE disease from the region of endemicity. One PUUV IgM-negative sample had PUUV RNA, and 4 days later, the patient was IgM positive. Of samples with indeterminate IgM, 43% were PUUV RNA positive. The kinetics of antibody titers and PUUV viremia were studied, and five of six NE patients displayed a decrease in PUUV viremia a few days after disease outbreak coupled with an increase in PUUV IgM and IgG. In one patient with continuously high PUUV RNA levels but low IgM and no IgG response, the infection was lethal. These findings demonstrated that real-time RT-PCR is a useful method for diagnosis of PUUV viremia and for detecting PUUV RNA at early time points, before the appearance of IgM antibodies.
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| 10. |
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