| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Annerbrink, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and monoamine metabolite concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 179:2, s. 231-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiotensin II has been suggested to influence central dopamine and serotonin turnover. Since the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in angiotensin regulation by converting inactive angiotensin 1 to active angiotensin II, we hypothesised that the functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the ACE gene, which has previously been suggested to be associated with, depression and panic disorder, may influence monoamine activity. A well-established technique for assessing brain monoamine turnover in humans is to measure concentrations of monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We thus investigated possible associations between the ACE I/D polymorphism and CSF monoamine metabolite concentrations in a population of healthy male subjects. After having found such an association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and CSF levels of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid and the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in this sample, I carriers displaying lower levels, we tried to replicate this observation in a population of violent male offenders from which also both CSF and DNA were available. Also in this sample, the same associations were found. Our results suggest that the ACE I/D polymorphism may play a role in the modulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic turnover in men. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bernhardsson, Olivia, et al.
(författare)
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Shared use of a mass-flowering crop drives dietary niche overlap between managed honeybees and bumblebees
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - 0021-8901.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resource competition between wild pollinators and managed honeybees (Apis mellifera) has the potential to detrimentally impact insect biodiversity as well as wild plant and crop pollination. As honeybees are central place foragers, their competitive impact on wild bees is expected to be structured by hive proximity, in conjunction with foraging decisions related to landscape-level resource availability. Yet, how these factors structure dietary niche overlap between wild bees and managed honeybees remains unclear. We conducted a field experiment in seminatural grasslands, where honeybee foraging densities and niche overlap with buff-tailed bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) were measured at four distances (<100, 500, 1000 and 2000 m) from experimentally placed apiaries, during and after the blooming period of mass-flowering oilseed rape (Brassica napus). We measured honeybee foraging densities using standardized transect surveys, and quantified species diet composition and dietary niche overlap from pollen samples collected from both bee species. Honeybee foraging densities were highest near apiaries and declined sharply beyond 500 m from the apiaries. However, niche overlap was unrelated to hive proximity but positively related to the availability of oilseed rape. Furthermore, there were significant inter- and intraspecific differences in pollen diet composition and breadth throughout the season. Synthesis and applications: Niche overlap between honeybees and bumblebees in agricultural environments was due to resource sharing of mass-flowering oilseed rape. When both honeybees and bumblebees predominantly forage on wild plants, they maintain distinct pollen diets, suggesting there is a low risk of resource competition between these generalist taxa. Conservation actions that promote floral resource availability and diversity in agricultural landscapes are crucial to maintain niche differentiation between managed honeybees and wild bees.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Betancourt, Lazaro Hiram, et al.
(författare)
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The human melanoma proteome atlas-Defining the molecular pathology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Medicine. - : Wiley. - 2001-1326. ; 11:7, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MM500 study is an initiative to map the protein levels in malignant melanoma tumor samples, focused on in-depth histopathology coupled to proteome characterization. The protein levels and localization were determined for a broad spectrum of diverse, surgically isolated melanoma tumors originating from multiple body locations. More than 15,500 proteoforms were identified by mass spectrometry, from which chromosomal and subcellular localization was annotated within both primary and metastatic melanoma. The data generated by global proteomic experiments covered 72% of the proteins identified in the recently reported high stringency blueprint of the human proteome. This study contributes to the NIH Cancer Moonshot initiative combining detailed histopathological presentation with the molecular characterization for 505 melanoma tumor samples, localized in 26 organs from 232 patients.
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| 7. |
- Dänhardt, Juliana, et al.
(författare)
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Collective Implementation of Ecological Focus Areas : Evaluation of the effects on ecosystem services, agriculture and administration
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ecosystem services are fundamental to the welfare of mankind, yet these services are often invisible in many social decisions. This report evaluates the effects on the ecosystem services pollination and biological pest control if Sweden were to introduce collective implementation of EFAs as part of the single payment scheme, including quality improvement measures such as establishing flowering plants.The potential environmental effects are seen in relation to the impacts on the economies of farmers and their acceptance of collective implementation, as well as the administrative costs for the authorities. This study is a step towards integrating the value of ecosystem services into decisions in society, something that is to be achieved by 2018 under the milestone targets in Sweden's environmental objectives system.The study that formed the basis of this report was carried out by the Centre for Environmental and Climate Research at Lund University. The work was carried out within the government commission Environmental effects of the CAP. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency is the primary authority responsible for this report. The Swedish Board of Agriculture, the Swedish National Heritage Board, the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management and the County administrative boards also participated in this project.
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| 8. |
- Dänhardt, Juliana, et al.
(författare)
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Ekologiska fokusarealer i samverkan : Utvärdering av effekter på ekosystemtjänster, jordbruk och administration
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här studien utvärderar vi konsekvenserna av så kallat gemensamt genomförande av ekologiska fokusarealer enlig artikel 46:5 och 46:6 i EU:s direktstödsförordning. Genom bredare analyser beaktar vi även andra former av samverkan och justerade skötselvillkor. Att främja sammanhängande områden med ekologiskt fokus är en del av EU:s satsning på grön infrastruktur. Sverige tillämpar inte gemensamt genomförande i dagsläget. Ekologisk-ekonomisk modellering, workshop med jordbrukare och intervjuer med tjänstemän ligger till grund för studiens resultat. Fokus i våra analyser är effekter på pollinering och biologisk skadedjursbekämpning, båda ekosystemtjänster till nytta för jordbruket.Jordbrukare positiva till samverkan, tjänstemän befarar högre kostnaderGenerellt är de medverkande jordbrukarna positiva till samverkan. Tydligare och mer konkret koppling mellan godkända fokusarealer, skötselvillkor och miljönytta behövs dock för att skapa acceptans hos jordbrukarna. Tjänstemän med erfarenhet av samverkan är generellt positiva, medan personer utan erfarenhet är mer tveksamma. På svenska myndigheter befaras ökade transaktionskostnader, trots att fungerande exempel på samverkan i Europa finns. Vi rekommenderar att inspiration och kunskap hämtas från dessa lyckade exempel.Små miljöeffekter med dagens fokusarealerAtt med dagens regelverk införa gemensamt genomförande av ekologiska fokusarealer ger små miljöeffekter. Miljöeffekten förblir svag eftersom möjligheten att välja fokusarealer med låg miljöeffekt kvarstår, och eftersom generösa viktningsfaktorer minskar den faktiskt avsatta arealen av fokusarealer med högre miljönytta. Dessutom finns incitament att placera fokusarealerna på lågproduktiv mark, där behovet av fokusarealer som gynnar ekosystemtjänster är lägre. I dag godkänns också fokusarealer som ingår i det normala brukandet, vilket skapar dödvikt. Våra modeller visar att möjligheten till samverkan inte löser dessa problem.Bättre miljöeffekt med rätt fokusarealer och krav på kvalitetFör att uppnå en bättre miljöeffekt behövs en utformning av reglerna som premierar de mest miljöeffektiva fokusarealerna. Först och främst bör menyn av fokusarealer innehålla miljöeffektiva åtgärder. Dessutom bör viktningssystemet omvärderas så att den mest effektiva fokusarealen används som referens. Slutligen bör placeringen av ekologiska fokusarealer göras i ett landskapsperspektiv för att säkerställa fokusarealernas bidrag till grön infrastruktur. På gårdsnivå bör fokusarealerna genom information och rådgivning styras till platser där potentialen för miljönytta är störst, exempelvis intill grödor som gynnas av pollinering och biologisk skadedjursbekämpning. Ett effektivt sätt att gynna just dessa ekosystemtjänster vore att begränsa menyn av valbara fokusarealer till träda och obrukade fältkanter och samtidigt ha krav på att så in blommande växter.
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| 9. |
- Ekroos, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Sparing land for biodiversity at multiple spatial scales
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common approach to the conservation of farmland biodiversity and the promotion of multifunctional landscapes, particularly in landscapes containing only small remnants of non-crop habitats, has been to maintain landscape heterogeneity and reduce land-use intensity. In contrast, it has recently been shown that devoting specific areas of non-crop habitats to conservation, segregated from high-yielding farmland (“land sparing”), can more effectively conserve biodiversity than promoting low-yielding, less intensively managed farmland occupying larger areas (“land sharing”). In the present paper we suggest that the debate over the relative merits of land sparing or land sharing is partly blurred by the differing spatial scales at which it is suggested that land sparing should be applied. We argue that there is no single correct spatial scale for segregating biodiversity protection and commodity production in multifunctional landscapes. Instead we propose an alternative conceptual construct, which we call “multiple-scale land sparing,” targeting biodiversity and ecosystem services in transformed landscapes. We discuss how multiple-scale land sparing may overcome the apparent dichotomy between land sharing and land sparing and help to find acceptable compromises that conserve biodiversity and landscape multifunctionality.
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| 10. |
- Forsberg, My, et al.
(författare)
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Ion concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in wakefulness, sleep and sleep deprivation in healthy humans
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 31:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleep is controlled by a circadian rhythmicity, via a reduction of arousal-promoting neuromodulatory activity, and by accumulation of somnogenic factors in the interstitial fluid of the brain. Recent experiments in mice suggest that a reduced neuronal excitability caused by a reduced concentration of potassium in the brain, concomitant with an increased concentration of calcium and magnesium, constitutes an important mediator of sleep. In the present study, we examined whether such changes in ion concentrations could be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy humans. Each subject underwent cerebrospinal fluid collection at three occasions in a randomized order: at 15:00 hours–17:00 hours during waking, at 06:00 hours–07:00 hours immediately following 1 night of sleep, and at 06:00 hours–07:00 hours following 1 night of sleep deprivation. When compared with wakefulness, both sleep and sleep deprivation produced the same effect of a small (0.1mm, about 3%), but robust and highly significant, reduction in potassium concentration. Calcium and magnesium concentrations were unchanged. Our results support a circadian modulation of neuronal excitability in the brain mediated via changes of the interstitial potassium concentration.
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