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| 2. |
- Alamidi, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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T1 Relaxation Time in Lungs of Asymptomatic Smokers.
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interest in using T1 as a potential MRI biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has recently increased. Since tobacco smoking is the major risk factor for development of COPD, the aim for this study was to examine whether tobacco smoking, pack-years (PY), influenced T1 of the lung parenchyma in asymptomatic current smokers.
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| 3. |
- Alamidi, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Variable Flip Angle 3D Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) T-1 Mapping of Mouse Lung: A Repeatability Assessment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. - : Wiley. - 1053-1807 .- 1522-2586. ; 48:3, s. 846-852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lung T-1 is a potential translational biomarker of lung disease. The precision and repeatability of variable flip angle (VFA) T-1 mapping using modern 3D ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging of the whole lung needs to be established before it can be used to assess response to disease and therapy. Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of regional lung T-1 quantification with VFA 3D-UTE and to investigate long-and short-term T-1 repeatability in the lungs of naive mice. Field strength/Sequence: 3D free-breathing radial UTE (8 mu s) at 4.7T. Assessment: VFA 3D-UTE T-1 calculations were validated against T-1 values measured with inversion recovery (IR) in phantoms. Lung T-1 and proton density (S-0) measurements of whole lung and muscle were repeated five times over 1 month in free-breathing naive mice. Two consecutive T-1 measurements were performed during one of the imaging sessions. Statistical Tests: Agreement in T-1 between VFA 3D-UTE and IR in phantoms was assessed using Bland-Altman and Pearson's correlation analysis. The T-1 repeatability in mice was evaluated using coefficient of variation (CV), repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and paired t-test. Results: Good T-1 agreement between the VFA 3D-UTE and IR methods was found in phantoms. T-1 in lung and muscle showed a 5% and 3% CV (1255 +/- 63 msec and 1432 +/- 42 msec, respectively, mean +/- SD) with no changes in T-1 or S-0 over a month. Consecutive measurements resulted in an increase of 2% in both lung T-1 and S-0. Data Conclusion: VFA 3D-UTE shows promise as a reliable T-1 mapping method that enables full lung coverage, high signal-to-noise ratio (similar to 25), and spatial resolution (300 mu m) in freely breathing animals. The precision of the VFA 3D-UTE method will enable better design and powering of studies.
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| 4. |
- Aurell, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Mikroplaster : Redovisning av regeringsuppdrag om källor till mikroplaster och förslag på åtgärder för minskade utsläpp i Sverige
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I augusti 2015 fick Naturvårdsverket i uppdrag från regeringen att identifiera viktigare källor i Sverige till utsläpp av mikroplaster till havet och verka för att reducera utsläppen från dessa källor. I den här rapporten redovisar Naturvårdsverket uppdraget. Vi presenterar resultaten från den första, övergripande kartläggningen av källor till och spridning av mikroplaster i Sverige, en bedömning av vilka av de kartlagda källorna som primärt bör åtgärdas samt vilka steg som behöver tas för att förebygga utsläpp och minska spridning av mikroplaster till hav, sjöar och vattendrag från dessa källor.Förekomsten av mikroplast i den marina miljön har uppmärksammats allt mer under senare år, inte minst på global nivå. Mikroplast är ett samlingsnamn för små, små plastfragment (1 nm till 5 mm). De mikroplaster som hittats i världshaven, men även i sötvattensystem, har olika ursprung. Mikroplast kan bildas oavsiktligt när plastföremål slits och plastpartiklar frigörs, eller när vi inte återanvänder, återvinner eller slänger plastmaterial på rätt sätt utan plasten blir skräp som succesivt bryts ned till mindre och mindre bitar i naturen. Det finns också plast som från början tillverkas som små pellets eller korn.Utgångspunkten för arbetet har varit miljökvalitetsmålen Hav i balans samt levande kust och Levande sjöar och vattendrag samt målet om Giftfri miljö. Reduceradeutsläpp av mikroplaster till hav, sjöar och vattendrag bidrar till att nå dessa mål.Uppdraget har genomförts av Naturvårdsverket i samarbete med Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, andra berörda myndigheter, samt med deltagande av berörda organisationer och andra intressenter mellan augusti 2015 och maj 2017. Slutsatserna är Naturvårdsverkets egna.
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| 5. |
- Bekele, Tafesse, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological and behavioral responses to different watering intervals in lactating camels (Camelus dromedarius)
- 2013
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Ingår i: AJP - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6119 .- 1522-1490. ; 305, s. R639-R646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During drought periods camels are watered at long intervals, but effects on body fluid homeostasis of lactating camels are not known. It was hypothesized that camels store water after drinking and minimize water losses by diurnal variation in body temperature, changes in behavior, and release of vasopressin. The aim was to find a sustainable watering interval for lactating camels. Seven lactating camels were studied in a cross-over trial in which they were watered once daily (W1), every fourth day (W4), every eighth day (W8), or after 16 days (W16) with a 5-day interval between treatments. When offered water every fourth or eighth days, the camels drank sufficient amounts to cover their needs for subsequent days, but after 16 days of dehydration they did not drink enough to compensate the body weight loss. Rectal temperature fell at night and the camels searched shade during daytime minimizing evaporative fluid losses. Plasma osmolality and sodium concentration were elevated after 4 days of water deprivation and plasma protein and vasopressin concentrations after 8 days. Milk production decreased during the last week of W16. Plasma aldosterone concentration was elevated upon rehydration after W16, indicating sodium deficiency. In conclusion, lactating camels stored water after drinking and reduced water losses by staying in shade, keeping body temperature low, and releasing plasma vasopressin. However, serious dehydration was observed during W8, and after 16 days of water deprivation recovery took a long time. A watering interval between 4 and 7 days seems advisable under similar environmental conditions.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Hormonal concentrations in bitches with primary uterine inertia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Theriogenology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0093-691X .- 1879-3231. ; 73, s. 1068-1075
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Normal labor is accompanied by sequential changes in blood concentrations of prostaglandin F2 alpha (measured as 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha = PGFM). progesterone, estradiol, oxytocin, vasopressin, and of elevated cortisol levels The aim of this study was to investigate hormone concentrations in dogs diagnosed with primary uterine inertia before and during treatment by cesarian section. The hypothesis was the dogs would have abnormally low plasma concentrations in one or several of the hormones involved in parturition The study comprised seven bitches with total primary uterine inertia (dystocia group) treated with cesarian section and SIX healthy bitches (control group) subjected to planned cesarean section Blood samples were taken before anesthesia, before surgery started, on delivery of the first puppy and on delivery of the last puppy The progesterone PGFM ratio in plasma was higher in the dystocia group than in the control group. but the serum estradiol concentration did not differ between groups The plasma concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin increased in both groups when the first puppies were delivered, but both hormones were more elevated in the control group than in the dystocia group on delivery of the last puppies The plasma cortisol concentration increased to the same level in both groups In conclusion, the ratio between progesterone and PGFM was higher and the oxytocin and vasopressin concentrations lower in the dystocia clogs than in the control dogs The findings indicate that these hormones are involved in the pathophysiology of total primary uterine inertia in bitches (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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| 7. |
- Höglund, Odd, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of haemodynamic changes during two surgical methods for neutering female dogs
- 2011
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Ingår i: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 91, s. 159-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate if intraoperative registrations of blood pressure and heart rate could be used to estimate surgical trauma. In a prospective clinical trial, registrations in eight dogs neutered by laparoscopic ovariectomy (LOE) were compared with eight dogs subjected to open ovariohysterectomy (OHE). For comparisons phases were used: phase zero = steady state after induction of anaesthesia; phase one = opening of abdomen; phase two severing of ovarian pedicles; and, phase three = abdominal closure. During LOE, mean systolic blood pressure increased by 7 mm Hg (p = 0.05) and 15 mm Hg (p = 0.01) from phase zero to phase one and two, respectively, and during OHE by 3 mm Hg (ns) and 29 mm Hg (p < 0.0001), respectively. The increase from phase one to phase two differed between groups (p = 0.03). Heart rate did not change. Frequent intraoperative measurements of blood pressure appear a promising method for evaluating surgical trauma. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Höglund, Odd, et al.
(författare)
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Intraoperative Changes in Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Plasma Vasopressin, and Urinary Noradrenalin During Elective Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs : Repeatability at Removal of the 1st and 2nd Ovary
- 2014
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Ingår i: Veterinary Surgery. - 0161-3499 .- 1532-950X. ; 43, s. 852-859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: whether this is repeated during removal of the 2nd ovary in elective ovariohysterectomy.To investigate the physiologic reactions after removal of 1st ovary and Study Design:Prospective study. Animals:Dogs (n¼10). Methods: anesthetized with propofol and iso iso during surgery on physiologic variables were analyzed using mixed linear models. Blood and urine samples were collected before anesthesia, before incision, before and after removal of ovaries with a 15 minute pause between ovary removal, and after abdominal closure. Plasma vasopressin and urinary noradrenalin and creatinine concentrations were analyzed.Dogs were premedicated with acepromazine, carprofen, and methadone andflurane. Blood pressure, heart rate, and end‐tidalflurane concentration were measured every minute. The effects of various events Results: greater than for the 2nd ovary because of an elevation in baseline. Similarly, the heart rate increased at the removal of the 1st ovary but not at removal of the 2nd ovary. Plasma vasopressin concentration increased at removal of both ovaries. Urinary noradrenalin/ creatinine ratio increased at anesthesia, removal of both ovaries, and was elevated at closure of the abdomen. End pressure and vasopressin concentrations changed in parallel using z comparison.The magnitude of blood pressure increase at removal of the 1st ovary was‐tidal isoflurane concentration did not change. Blood‐scores for Conclusions: concentration, and urinary noradrenalin/creatinine ratio did not differ between removals of the ovaries. Relative changes differed between repeated noxious stimuli, which should be considered in evaluation of methods at ovary removal.Peak values for blood pressure, heart rate, plasma vasopressin
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| 9. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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